AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

PROPERTIES
OF AB
MATERIALS
FIRST SEMESTER, A.Y. 2024-2025

PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

COURSE OUTLINE
• Introduction to Engineering Properties of AB Materials
- Importance and its Significance
- Properties of AB Materials
• Physical Characteristics
- Size, shape, surface area, and porosity of AB materials
• Electrical Properties
- Dielectric Properties

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

COURSE OUTLINE
• Mechanical Properties
- Introduction
- Compressive and tensile resistance
- Impact resistance
- Vibration
• Thermal Properties
- Thermal conductivity, specific heat, enthalpy and latent heat,
thermal diffusivity, mass diffusivity
• Optical Properties
- Color theory and models
ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO
COURSE OUTCOME
A. Apply knowledge of mathematics and science to solve AB materials
engineering problems
B. Be able to identify, formulate, and solve AB materials engineering
problems
C. Be able to use techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools
necessary for AB materials engineering

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

INTRODUCTION TO
ENGINEERING
PROPERTIES OF AB
MATERIAL
A. Importance and Significance of AB
Materials
B. Properties of AB Materials
INTRODUCTION
Engineering properties are beneficial and essential to the design,
development, and operation of equipment related to the field of
agricultural processing and engineering.

Images from: Google

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

INTRODUCTION
Engineering properties are beneficial and essential to the design,
development, and operation of equipment related to the field of
agricultural processing and engineering.

Images from: Google

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Agricultural and Biosystems Materials
Biosystems
- refers to any living things or live organisms that have the ability to interact
with other living things, either directly or indirectly (biologyonline.com).
Agricultural Materials
- materials or residues derived from agriculture, such as plant, animal, and
marine materials or residues, that are utilized in the production of industrial or
commercial non-food goods (lawinsider).
Engineering Materials
- used in the building of artificial structures and parts. Used for engineering
purposes must be able to bear applied loads without cracking or exhibiting undue
deflection.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Important Properties
• Physical Properties
• Electrical Properties
• Mechanical
Properties
• Thermal Properties
• Optical Properties

Images from: Google

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Applications of Various Engineering
Properties
1. Physical properties like size, shape, density, porosity has great
implication in deciding the equipment for screening, separation,
handling and storage of materials, they also come handy in
calculating the heat transfer and mass diffusion rates.
2. Chemical properties like pH, moisture content, nutrient
composition is vital for optimizing soil health and crop nutrition.
They also influence the choice of fertilizers and pesticides, ensuring
effective and sustainable agricultural practices.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Applications of Various Engineering
Properties
3. Electrical properties like conductivity, permittivity, dielectric
constant used in soil moisture sensors and precision farming
equipment to monitor soil conditions. These properties are also
important in post-harvest processes like drying and storage, where
they help in controlling humidity and temperature
4. Mechanical properties like strength, hardness, elasticity are
essential for designing agricultural machinery and tools that can
withstand wear and tear. They are also important in understanding
how crops will handle mechanical harvesting and processing,
minimizing damage and losses.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Applications of Various Engineering
Properties
5. Thermal properties like Thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal
diffusivity are crucial for designing systems for drying, freezing, and
storage of agricultural products. They help in optimizing energy use
and ensuring the quality and safety of food products during thermal
processing.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Important Properties
Understanding this properties of agricultural products is crucial for:
1. Designing efficient machinery and equipment
2. Ensuring optimal handling, processing, and storage
3. Maximizing yield and quality
4. Minimizing losses and waste

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

 Types of Materials

Images from: Google

Table excerpt from: The Science and Engineering Materials, 3rd Edition

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

 Types of Materials

Figure excerpt from: The Science and Engineering Materials, 3rd Edition

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Materials Design and Selection

Table excerpt from: The Science and Engineering Materials, 3rd Edition

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Materials Design and Selection
Categories of Materials to be Considered:
1. Metals have good strength, good ductility and formability, good
electrical and thermal conductivity, and moderate temperature
resistance.
2. Ceramics are strong, serve as good electrical and thermal
insulators, are often resistant to damage by high temperatures and
corrosive environments, but are brittle.
3. Polymers have relatively low strength, are not suitable for use at
high temperatures, have good corrosion resistance, and - like
ceramics - provide good electrical and thermal insulation

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Materials Design and Selection
Categories of Materials to be Considered:

4. Semiconductors possess unique electrical and optical properties

that make them essential components in electronic and
communication devices.
5. Composites are mixtures of materials that provide unique
combinations of mechanical and physical properties that cannot be
found in any single material.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Densities of Structural Materials
Density (kg/m3)

Engineering materials
Steel 7800
Concrete 2300
Rubber 1100

Biological materials
Bone 2000
Cartilage 1100
Tendon 1300
Locust cuticle 1200
Comparison: density of water is 1000 kg/m3

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO
 Materials Selection for a Grain
Storage Silo
Angel of Repose
- an important physical property
used to describe the majority of
particulate foods, including seeds,
grains, flours, grits, and fruits.
- Important for the design of
processing, storage, and
conveying systems of particulate
materials.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Materials Selection for a Fruit
Storage Bin

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

 Laboratory Exercise No. 1
Material Identification
Instruction:
1. Visit any related processing facilities.
2. Familiarize the materials/equipment's present in the said facilities.
3. Select materials as many as you can and determine the properties
that makes it suitable.
4. Submit on August ___.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development
Proposition: "Agricultural and biological materials are essential for
sustainable development, balancing environmental, economic, and
social benefits.“
Perspective to Explore:
1. Environment perspective
2. Economic perspective
3. Social perspective

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development

ROUND 1
Environmental Perspective:
Pro: Agricultural and biological materials can reduce the environmental
footprint by promoting biodegradability, reducing waste, and encouraging
recycling. For instance, using bioplastics derived from agricultural products
can decrease reliance on petroleum-based plastics.
Con: The production and disposal of some agricultural and biological
materials may still pose environmental challenges, such as land use
changes, water consumption, and pesticide use, which can lead to habitat
destruction and pollution.
ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO
Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development

ROUND 1
Economic Perspective:
Pro: Investing in agricultural and biological materials can drive economic growth
by creating new markets, generating jobs, and reducing dependence on imported
raw materials. Innovations in this sector can lead to cost-effective solutions for
both producers and consumers.
Con: The initial costs of developing and scaling up the production of agricultural
and biological materials can be high, potentially making these materials less
economically viable in the short term compared to traditional materials. There
may also be economic risks associated with fluctuating agricultural yields.
ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO
Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development

ROUND 1
Social Perspective:
Pro: Agricultural and biological materials can enhance social well-being by
providing safer, non-toxic alternatives for everyday products, improving food
security through sustainable farming practices, and supporting rural economies.
Con: The shift towards agricultural and biological materials might lead to
unintended social consequences, such as land competition between food and
non-food crops, which could impact food prices and availability, and potentially
displace small-scale farmers.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development

ROUND 2

Social vs Environmental
Social focuses on community benefits and safety
Environmental highlights potential environmental damage
affecting communities.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development

ROUND 2

Environmental vs Economic
Environmental emphasizes sustainability and reduced
waste.
Economic points out economic feasibility and cost
challenges.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO

Debate topic:

The role of Agricultural and Biological Materials

in Sustainable Development

ROUND 2

Economic vs Social
Economic discusses job creation and market growth.
Social raises concerns about social inequalities and food
security.

ABE 3122 – PROPERTIES OF AB MATERIALS PREPARED BY: JANE FAITH F. FALCESO