Department of

Mechanical Engineering
Module I: Conic Sections

1. Construct an ellipse when the distance of its focus from its directrix is equal to
50 mm and eccentricity is 2/3. Also draw a tangent and a normal to the ellipse
at a point 70 mm away from the directrix.
2. Draw an ellipse when the distance of its vertex from its directrix is 24 mm and
distance of its focus from directrix is 42 mm.
3. Draw a parabola when the distance between its focus and directrix is 50 mm.
Also draw a tangent and a normal at a point 70 mm from the directrix.
4. Construct a parabola whose focus is at a distance of 40 mm from the directrix.
Draw a tangent and a normal to the parabola at a point, 50 mm away from the
principal axis.
5. Construct a hyperbola with the distance between the focus and the directrix as
50 mm and eccentricity as 3/2. Also draw normal and tangent to the curve at a
point, 25 mm from the axis.
6. A fixed point is 90 mm from a fixed straight line. Draw the locus of a point P
moving in such a way that its distance from the fixed point is twice its distance
from the fixed straight line. Name the curve.
Module I: Special Curves

7. Construct a cycloid having a rolling circle of 50 mm diameter. Draw a normal

and a tangent to the curve at a point 35 mm above the base line.
8. A circle having 50 mm diameter rolls along a straight line without slipping. Draw
the curve traced out by a point P on the circumference for one complete
revolution of the circle. Name the curve.
9. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of another circle of 175
mm diameter and outside it. Trace the locus of a point on the circumference of
the rolling circle for one complete revolution. Also draw a set of tangent and
normal on a suitable point on the curve.
10. Draw an epicycloid generated by a rolling circle having a 60 mm diameter for
one complete revolution. The radius of the directing circle is 100 mm. Draw a
tangent and a normal to the epicycloid at 150 mm from the centre of the
directing circle
11. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of another circle of 175
mm diameter and inside it. Trace the locus of a point on the circumference of
the rolling circle for one complete revolution. Also draw a set of tangent and
normal on a suitable point on the curve.
12. Draw a hypocycloid generated by a rolling circle of 60 mm diameter for its one
complete revolution. The radius of the directing circle is 100 mm. Draw a
tangent and a normal to the hypocycloid at 50 mm from the centre of the
directing circle.
13. Draw an involute of a circle of 50 mm diameter. Also, draw a normal and a
tangent at a point 100 mm from the centre of the circle.

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14. An elastic string of 150 mm length has its one end attached to the circumference
of a circular disc of 40 mm diameter. Draw the curve traced out by the other
end of the string when it is completely wound around the disc, keeping the string
always tight.
15. Draw an involute of a hexagon of 25 mm side
16. Draw an involute of a given square of 25 mm side.
Module I: Projection of Points

17. Draw the projections of the following points on the same ground lines, keeping
the projectors 15 mm apart: (a) A in the H.P. and 20 mm behind V.P. (b) B 25
mm below the H.P. and 25 mm behind V.P. (c) C 15 mm above the H.P. and
20 mm in front of V.P. (d) D 40 mm below H.P. and 25 mm in front of V.P.
18. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line,
keeping the distance between their projectors 30 mm apart. (a) Point A is 20
mm below the H.P. and 50 mm in front of the V.P. (b) Point B is in the H.P. and
40 mm behind the V.P. (c) Point C is 30 mm in front of the V.P. and in the H.P.
(d) Point D is 50 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm behind the V.P. (e) Point E is
20 mm below the H.P. and 50 mm behind the V.P. (f) Point F is in the V.P. and
50 mm below the H.P
19. Projection of various points are given. State the position of each point with
respect to the planes of projection.

20. Projection of various points is given. State the position of each point with
respect to the planes of projection.

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Module I: Projection of Lines

21. A 50 mm long line AB is parallel to both the H.P. and the V.P. It is 25 mm in
front of the V.P. and 60 mm above the H. P. Draw its projections and determine
the trace.
22. A 60 mm long line AB has its end A 20 mm above the H.P. The line is
perpendicular to H.P. and 40 mm in front of the V.P. Draw its projections and
locate the traces.
23. An 80 mm long line AB has end A at a distance of 20 mm above the H.P. and
40 mm in front of the V.P. The line is inclined at 30º to the H.P. and is parallel
to the V.P. Draw the projections of the line and determine its traces.
24. An 80 mm long line AB is inclined at 30º to the V.P. and is parallel to the H.P.
The end A of the line is 20 mm above the H.P. and 40 mm in front of the V.P.
Draw the projections of the line and determine its traces.
25. A 70 mm long line PQ has its end P 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front
of the V.P. The line is inclined at 45º to the H.P. and 30º to the V.P. Draw its
projections.
26. A straight line PQ has its end P 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of
the V.P. and the end Q is 80 mm above the H.P. and 70 mm in front of the V.P.
If the end projectors are 60 mm apart, draw the projections of the line.
Determine its true length and true inclinations with the reference planes.
27. A straight line PQ has its end P 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of
the V.P. and the end Q is 80 mm above the H.P. and 70 mm in front of the V.P.
If the end projectors are 60 mm apart, draw the projections of the line.

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Determine its true length and true inclinations with the reference planes by
trapezoid method.
28. The distance between the projectors of two ends of a straight line is 40 mm.
One end is 15 mm above H.P. and 10 mm in front of the V.P. The other end is
40 mm above H.P. and 40 in front of the V.P. Find the true length and true
inclination of the line.
29. The front view of a 75 mm long line PQ measures 50 mm, while its top view
measures 60 mm. If end P of the line is 35 mm above the H.P. and 15 in front
of the V.P., draw its projections and the traces. Determine the true inclinations
of the line PQ with H.P. and V.P.
30. A 100 mm long line PQ is inclined at 30º to H.P. and 45º to the V.P. Its mid-
point is 35 mm above the H.P. and 50 mm in front of V.P. draw its projections.
31. The mid-point of a line AB, 80 mm long, is 30 mm above HP and 45mm in front
of VP. The line is inclined at 30° to HP and 50° to VP. Draw the projections.
32. Draw projections and find out the true length of a line AB, with end B on H.P.
and 40 mm in front of V.P. AB is inclined at 30º to H.P. and 45º to V.P. and its
plan measures 50 mm.
33. The front view and top view of a 80 mm long line PQ measures 70 mm and 60
mm respectively. End P is in the H.P. and Q in the V.P. Draw the projections
and determine true inclinations with H.P. and V.P. Also, locate the traces

Module II: Projection of planes

34. A square plane ABCD of 30 mm side has its surface parallel to H.P. and 20 mm
away from it. Draw its projections of the plane when two of its sides are (i)
parallel to V.P., (ii) inclined at 30º to V.P., and (iii) all sides are equally inclined
to V.P.
35. A hexagonal plane of 25 mm side has its surface parallel to and 20 mm in front
of V.P. Draw its projections, when a side is (a) parallel to H.P., (b) perpendicular
to H.P., (c) inclined at 45º to H.P.
36. A hexagonal plane of 25 mm side has one side on the ground. The surface of
the plane is inclined at 45º to the H.P. and perpendicular to the V.P. Draw its
projections.
37. A circular plate of 50 mm diameter is held such that its plane is perpendicular
to H.P. and inclined at 30º to V.P. with its centre 30 mm above the H.P. and 20
mm in front of V.P. Draw its projections.
38. A pentagonal lamina of 30 mm side rests on the H.P. on one of its corners with
its surface inclined at 30º to the H.P. Draw its projections when the side
opposite to the corner in the H.P. is parallel to the V.P.
39. A hexagonal plane figure of 30 mm side is resting on a corner in the V.P. with
its surface making an angle of 30º with the V.P. The view from the front of the

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diagonal passing through that corner is inclined at 35º to the H.P. Draw the
three principal views.
40. A rectangular plate of sides 60 mm × 30 mm is resting on its shorter side on
H.P. and inclined at 30º to V.P. Its surface is inclined at 60º to H.P. Draw its
projections.
41. A pentagonal lamina with 40 mm sides is resting on one of its sides on the H.P.
having that side parallel to and 25 mm in front of the V.P. It is tilted about that
side so that its highest corner rests in the V.P. Draw the projections of the
lamina.
42. A circle of 40 mm diameter is resting on H.P. on a point with its surface inclined
at 30º to H.P. Draw the projections of the circle when the top view of the
diameter through the resting point makes an angle of 45º with XY.

Module II: Projection of Solids

43. A square pyramid, side of base 40 mm and axis 60 mm is resting on its base
on H.P. Draw its projections when (a) a side of the base is parallel to V.P., (b)
a side of the base is inclined at 30º to V.P., and (c) all the sides of the base are
equally inclined to V.P
44. A square prism of 40 mm base edges and 60 mm long axis is resting on its
base on ground. Draw its projections when (a) a face is perpendicular to the
V.P., (b) a face is inclined at 30o to the V.P., and (c) all the faces are equally
inclined to the V.P.
45. A pentagonal prism of 30 mm base edges and 60 mm long axis, has one of its
bases in the V.P. Draw its projections when (a) a rectangular face is parallel to
and 15 mm above H.P., (b) a face is perpendicular to the H.P., and (c) a face
is inclined at 45o to the H.P.
46. A right regular pentagonal prism, 25 mm edge of base and 55 mm height rests
on an edge of its base in H.P. such that its axis is parallel to V.P. and inclined
to the H.P. at 45°. Draw the projections of the solid.
47. A hexagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side and axis 50 mm long has an edge of
its base on the ground. Its axis is inclined at 40º to the ground and parallel to
the V.P. Draw its projections.
48. A hexagonal pyramid, with 30 mm base edges and 70 mm long axis, has a
triangular face on the ground and the axis parallel to the V.P. Draw its
projections.
49. Draw the projections of a cylinder of 40 mm diameter and 60 mm long axis
when it is lying on H.P. with axis inclined at 45º to H.P. and parallel to V.P.
Follow the change of position method.
50. A hexagonal prism of 30 mm base edges and axis 65 mm long, has an edge of
its base in the V.P. such that the axis is inclined at 30º to the V.P. and parallel
to the H.P. Draw its projections.

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51. A pentagonal pyramid of base 30 mm sides and axis 55 mm long, has a
triangular face in the V.P. and the axis parallel to the H.P. Draw its projections.
52. A pentagonal prism with 30 mm base sides and 75 mm long axis, has a corner
of its base on the ground and axis is inclined at 60º to the H.P. Draw its
projections, if the plane containing that corner and the axis is parallel to the V.P.
53. A cone with a 50 mm base diameter and 70 mm height is resting on a point of
its base rim on the H.P. while the axis is parallel to the V.P. and inclined at 45º
to the H.P. Draw its projections.
54. A square pyramid, 40 mm base side and 60 mm long axis, is freely suspended
from one of its corners of its base. Draw its projections, when the axis as a
vertical plane is incline
55. A hexagonal pyramid with 30 mm base sides and 70 mm long axis is suspended
freely from one of its base corners such that its axis is in a vertical plane which
makes an angle of 45º with the V.P. Draw its projections.

Module III: Section of Solids

56. A cube of 50 mm side rests with one of its edges on H.P. such that the square
faces containing that edge are making equal inclinations with H.P. A horizontal
section plane cuts the cube at a distance 18 mm below the horizontal edge
nearer to the observer. Draw the sectional top view and front view of the cube.
57. A hexagonal prism of side of base 20 mm and length 60 mm rests on HP with
its axis being vertical and one edge of its base inclined at 15° to VP. The solid
is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 40° to HP and bisecting
the axis of the prism. Draw the projections of the prism and true shape of the
section.
58. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm side of base and 60 mm long axis rests with its
base on H.P. and one of the edges of the base is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a
horizontal section plane at a distance 30 mm above the base. Draw the front
view and sectional top view.
59. A pentagonal pyramid side of 35 mm base and 60 mm long axis rests with its
base on H.P. such that one of the edges of the base is perpendicular to V.P. A
section plane perpendicular to H.P. and parallel to V.P. cuts the pyramid at a
distance of 20 mm from the corner of the base nearer to the observer. Draw its
top and sectional front views.
60. A cylinder of 45 mm diameter and 70 mm long is resting on one of its bases on
H.P. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 60º with H.P. and passing through a
point on the axis at 15 mm from one end. Draw the two views of the solid. Also
obtain the true shape of the section.
61. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm base side and axis 65 mm long is resting on its
base on the H.P. with two edges parallel to the V.P. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the V.P. inclined at 45º to the H.P. and intersecting the axis at

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a point 25 mm above the base. Draw the front view, sectional top view and true
shape of the section.
62. A right circular cone with 50 mm diameter of base and 65 mm height rests on
its base on H.P. A section plane perpendicular to V.P. and inclined to H.P. at
45º cuts the cone meeting its axis at a distance of 36 mm from its base. Draw
its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.
63. A pentagonal pyramid having a base with 30 mm sides and 70 mm long axis,
is resting on its base in the H.P. such that an edge of the base nearer to the
V.P. is parallel to it. A vertical section plane inclined at 45º to the V.P. cut the
pyramid at a distance of 8 mm from the axis. Draw its top view, sectional front
view and true shape of the section.
64. A square prism having 40 mm base sides and 60 mm long axis, rests on its
base on the H.P. such that one of the vertical faces makes an angle of 30º with
the V.P. A section plane perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45º to the H.P.
and passing through the axis at a point 20 mm from its top end, cuts the prism.
Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of section.
65. A right regular square pyramid, 35 mm edge of base and 50 mm height rests
on its base on H.P. with all the base edges equally inclined to the V.P. A section
plane perpendicular to the V.P. and inclined to the H.P. at 35º, cuts the pyramid
bisecting its axis. Draw the front view, sectional top view and true shape of the
section of the truncated pyramid.

Module III: Development of Surfaces

66. A square prism of 40 mm side of base and 80 mm long axis is resting on its
base on H.P. such that a rectangular face of it is parallel to V.P. Draw the
development of the prism.
67. A pentagonal prism, having a base with a 30 mm side and a 70 mm long axis,
is resting on its base on the H.P. such that one of the rectangular faces is
parallel to the V.P. It is cut by an auxiliary inclined plane whose V.T. is inclined
at 45º with the reference line and passes through the mid-point of the axis. Draw
the development of the lateral surface of the truncated prism.
68. A cylinder of 40 mm diameter of base and 55 mm long axis is resting on its
base on H.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at
45º to H.P. The section plane is passing through the top end of an extreme
generator of the cylinder. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cut
cylinder.
69. A pentagonal pyramid of side of base 30 mm and axis 60 mm long is resting on
its base on H.P. with an edge of the base parallel to V.P. Draw the development
of the lateral surface of the pyramid.

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70. Draw the development of the frustum of a hexagonal pyramid of side of base
35 mm at the bottom and 15 mm at the top, the height of the frustum being 50
mm.
71. Draw the development of lateral surface of the cone whose base diameter is 50
mm and axis is 60 mm long. The cone is resting on H.P. on its base.
72. A cone base of 50 mm diameter and 60 mm long axis rests with its base on
H.P. A section plane perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at 45º to H.P. bisects
the axis of the cone. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
remaining portion of the cone.
73. The frustum of a cone of 60 mm base diameter 20 mm top diameter and 50 mm
height is resting on its base in the H.P. It is cut by an A.I.P. inclined at 30º to
the H.P., the H.T. of which is tangential to the base circle. Draw the
development of the lateral surface of the retained frustum

Module IV: Isometric Projection

74. Draw isometric view of a hexagonal prism with side of base 25 and 60 mm long
axis. The prism is resting on its base on the H.P. with an edge of the base
parallel to the V.P.
75. Draw isometric view of a pentagonal pyramid of 30 mm base side and 50 mm
long axis (a) when its axis is vertical, and (b) when its axis is horizontal.
76. Draw an isometric projection of the frustum of a hexagonal pyramid having 40
mm base side, 25 mm long top side and 60 mm height.
77. Draw the isometric projection of the frustum of a cone of 50 mm base diameter,
25 mm top diameter and 60 mm height.
78. A square pyramid rests centrally over a cylindrical block. Draw the isometric
projection of the arrangement. Consider the pyramid has a base with 25 mm
side and 40 mm long axis whereas the cylindrical block has a base with 50 mm
diameter and 20 mm thickness.
79. Draw the isometric projection of a sphere of 25 mm radius which rests centrally
on the top of a square prism of base edge 60 mm and height 30 mm.
80. A sphere of 60 mm diameter is placed centrally on the top of a frustum of square
pyramid. The base of the frustum is 60 mm square, the top is 40 mm square
and its height is 50 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the arrangement.
81. A cone with a base diameter of 30 mm and 50 mm long axis, rests centrally
over a square prism of base 50 mm side and 30 mm thick. Draw an isometric
projection of the arrangement.
82. The frustum of a cone of 60 mm base diameter, 40 mm top diameter and 50
mm height is surmounted centrally over a cylindrical block of 80 mm diameter
and thickness 30 mm. Draw its isometric projection.

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Module IV: Perspective Projection

83. A square prism of base side 40 mm and axis 60 mm, lies on its base in the GP
with a face parallel to and 15 mm behind the PP. The station point lies in a CP
which is 50 mm towards the right of the axis, 65 mm in front of the PP and 80
mm above GP. Draw its perspective view.
84. A square pyramid of base side 40 mm and axis 60 mm rests on the GP with an
edge of the base parallel to and 15 mm behind the PP. The station point is 90
mm above the GP and 75 mm in front of the PP and lies in a CP which is 40
mm towards the right of the axis of the pyramid. Draw its perspective projection.
85. A square plane of side 60 mm lies on the GP with the edge nearer to the
observer lying in the PP. The station point is 50 mm in front of PP, 60 mm above
GP and lies in a CP which is 50 mm towards right of the centre of the object.
Draw its perspective view.
86. Draw the perspective projection of a cube of edge 30 mm kept with a face on
the ground and two vertical faces perpendicular to picture plane. The front face
of the cube is 20 mm behind PP. The station point is 60 mm in front of the PP
and 60 mm above the ground. The nearest edge of the cube is 20 mm to the
right of the station point.
87. A rectangular prism of base side 40 x 30 mm and axis 60 mm, lies on its base
in the GP with a shorter face parallel to and 10 mm in-front the PP with
remaining solid behind PP. The station point lies in a CP which is 50 mm
towards the right of the axis, 65 mm in front of the PP and 80 mm above GP.
Draw its perspective view.

Module V: Freehand Sketching

88. Pictorial view of an object is shown. Using first angle projection, draw its (i) front
view, and (ii) top view. Use the direction X for the front view.

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89. Draw the front view, side view from the left and top view of the block given

90. The pictorial view of a block is given. Draw the front view, the top view and the
side view looking in the direction A, B and in first-angle projection.

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91. Pictorial view of an object is shown. Using first-angle projection, draw its (i) front
view looking from the direction X, (ii) top view and (iii) side view

92. Draw the three views of the bracket shown taking direction X as the view for
front view.

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93. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. Use first-angle projections. Assume missing data suitably.

94. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the orthographic view
using AutoCAD software for the same object.

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95. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the orthographic view
using AutoCAD software for the same object.

96. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the orthographic view
using AutoCAD software for the same object.

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97. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the orthographic view
using AutoCAD software for the same object.

98. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the orthographic view
using AutoCAD software for the same object.

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99. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for the front
view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the orthographic view
using AutoCAD software for the same object.

100. Draw the three views of the object shown taking direction of arrow for
the front view. List the procedure and commands used for drawing the
orthographic view using AutoCAD software for the same object.

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Two mark questions

1. What is the size of an A3 drawing sheet?

2. What is the size of an A2 drawing sheet?
3. Differentiate between aligned and unidirectional systems of linear
dimensioning.
4. List any four entities of dimensioning.
5. Enlist types of scales used in engineering practices.
6. What is a conic section? Enlist its various types.
7. What is the inclination of the cutting plane in order to obtain following sections
from a cone: (a) parabola, (b) ellipse, (c) hyperbola, (d) rectangular hyperbola?
8. Give two practical applications for the following curves: (a) parabola, (b) ellipse,
(c) hyperbola.
9. Define eccentricity.
10. What are the eccentricity values of ellipse, parabola and hyperbola?
11. Differentiate between epicycloid and hypocycloid.
12. Define a cycloid? How a tangent is drawn at a point on a cycloid?
13. What is an epicycloid? Give its practical applications.
14. What is a hypocycloid? Give its practical applications.
15. Define an involute of a polygon.
16. What are the applications of involutes?
17. What do you mean by projection? Give its classification.
18. What is an orthographic projection?
19. Differentiate between first-angle and third-angle projection.
20. Give the symbolic representation of first- and third-angle projection.
21. Draw the layout for first angle projection.
22. Draw the layout for third angle projection.
23. If the top view of a plane is a straight line, will its front view always be the true
shape?
24. If the front view of a plane lies in the reference line, will its top view always be
the true shape?
25. The surface of a hexagonal plane is perpendicular to both H.P. and V.P. Which
orthographic view will show the true shape?
26. The true shape of a pentagonal plane is seen in the side view. What will be the
shapes of its front and top views?
27. Differentiate between a triangular pyramid and a tetrahedron.
28. List any four polyhedra.
29. Define cylinder and cone in terms of surface of revolution.
30. What do you understand by a right regular solid?
31. Differentiate between frustum of a pyramid and a truncated pyramid.
32. Differentiate between true shape of the section and apparent shape of the
section.
33. Name the method used for drawing the development of prism and cylinder.
34. Name the method used for drawing the development of pyramid and cone.

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35. Draw the lateral surface development of a pentagonal prism of base side 10
mm and height 20 mm.
36. Draw the lateral surface development of a cone of base diameter 20 mm and
slant height 60 mm.
37. State a few practical applications of development of surfaces.
38. Differentiate between isometric lines and non-isometric lines.
39. State the relation between true length and isometric length?
40. Differentiate between isometric projection and isometric view.
41. Define isometric axes and isometric planes.
42. What are the advantages of drawing isometric views?
43. Name different types of perspectives and their fields of application.
44. Define the following terms with reference to perspective projections: (a) Ground
plane (b) Picture plane (c) Horizon plane (d) Central plane.
45. What is a station point? What is its relation with the visual rays?
46. Explain the role of Units and Limits commands in setting up the AutoCAD
drawing space.
47. Name any four common methods by which a command can be executed.
48. Describe the following commands to regulate the cursor movement for locating
a point quickly. (a) Snap and Grid (b) Polar tracking (c) Ortho
49. Name and explain five edit commands used in CAD.
50. What is the purpose of offset command in AutoCAD?

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