Review of Essential Skills: Graphing Linear Relationships
The Equation of a Line:
Standard Form: Ax + By + C = 0 *A has rules. What are they?
Slope - y - Intercept Form: y = mx + b
What do the letters represent?
Why do we need to graph??
Graphing gives us a visual representation of the relation that we are working with. It can help us to judge the reasonableness of an answer, and in many cases it can help us to find the correct answer more efficiently. Specifically for this class, being able to graph will reduce the chances of algebraic errors because it eliminates the need to 'memorize' formulas and lets you see WHY you are doing what you are doing. Give it a chance!
A Quick Review of the Cartesian Plane
Label the x and y axes.
Plot the following points.
(-2, 2), (5, -6), (7, 1), (-4, -1)
• You MUST place brackets around
ordered pairs
• Ordered pairs are always listed
alphabetically (x, y)
• (0, 0) is also called the origin
Approaches to Graphing
1) Table of Values • Substitute values of your choice (usually -2, -1, 0, 1, 2) in for x in the equation. • Solve the equation for y. (Remember, this means do BEDMAS backwards!) • Place the x and y values together to form an ordered pair, (x, y). • Plot the ordered pairs on your grid. First Differences are equal for Example: linear relationships - so your y- values will follow an addition/ subtraction pattern! Graph 3x + 2y = 4 using a table of values.
x y (x, y)
Rough Work: 2) Using x and y - Intercepts
This is much faster than a table of values if you are dealing with a linear relation.
x - intercept - the point where a graph crosses the
x - axis (y = 0)
y - intercept - the point where a graph crosses the
y - axis (x = 0)
To graph using this information:
• Find the x - intercept by letting y = 0 in the equation of the line. This gives you a point, (a, 0).
• Find the y - intercept by letting x = 0 in the equation of the line. This
gives you a point, (0, b).
• Plot the two points and connect them (with a ruler!).
Example:
Graph 3x - 9y = -36 using intercepts.
Quick Review: Solving Equations
• To move terms across the equals sign, you must perform the opposite operation. • Once the variable term is isolated on one side, you need to use division to reduce the coefficient to one. Example: Solve 3x - 9 = 12. 3) Using Slope and the y - Intercept
ALWAYS do this if your equation is of the form y = mx + b.
To graph using slope and y - intercept:
• Rearrange the equation so that it is in y = mx + b form (if necessary). Remember that terms switch signs if they switch sides! • Plot the y - intercept (0, b). • Count out the slope (m = rise/run) from this point. • Plot a point there and connect it to the y-intercept. Example: Rewrite each equation in slope y - intercept form, and then graph the line.
a) -9x + 3y = 18 b) -4y = x + 8
Food for Thought:
1. Graph y = 4. What type of line is this?
2. Graph x = -2. What type of line is this?
3. Draw a horizontal line with a y-intercept
of 3. What is its equation?
4. Draw a vertical line with an x-intercept of
-4. What is its equation? Standard Form of the Equation of a Line When we are speaking, we know that there is usually more than one way to say something without changing the meaning of what we are saying. For example: "I really like ice cream!" and "Ice cream is great!" mean the same thing, but are stated differently. The same idea holds true in math. When we write the equation of a line, we can write it in more than one way without changing the meaning of the equation (the graph will look the same).
Technology Interruption: On your phone, download the Desmos app, or go to desmos.com. Once you have the graphing calculator open, follow along and we will graph: y = -3x + 5 and 3x + y - 5 = 0 What do you notice?
Why do you think that this happened?
The equation 3x + y - 5 = 0 still represents a line (linear relation), it is just in
STANDARD FORM. For an equation to be in standard form, Ax + By + C = 0, A, B, and C must be integers (no fractions), and A must be positive. To write an equation in y = mx + b form in standard form, we just apply opposite operations to rearrange the equation. For example, Write y = 1/3x + 1 in standard form. Writing Equations of Lines
What do we need to know to write the equation of a line in slope y-intercept
form?
How do we find slope given two points?
1) Given the slope and the y - intercept.
ex/ Write the equation of a line that has a slope of -3 and a y-intercept of 4.
2) Given the slope and a point.
ex/ Write the equation of a line with a slope of 3 that passes through the point (-4, -2)
3) Given two points.
ex/ Write the equation of a line that passes through (-3, 5) and (7, 2). Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Try this!
What part of the equation tells you if two lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither? Vocabulary parallel lines - lines that run in the same direction and NEVER cross perpendicular lines - lines that meet at a 90o angle
When we are looking at slope to decide if lines are parallel, what are we looking for?
Example: What is the slope of a line parallel to y = -3x + 4? What about
3x - 2y + 5 = 0?
When we are looking at slope to decide if lines are perpendicular, what are we looking for?
Example: What is the slope of a line perpendicular to y = 2/3x + 1? What
about x - 2y + 4 = 0?
Practice Problems 1. Write the equation of a line parallel to y = -5x + 7 that passes through the point (-3, 12).
2. Write the equation of a line perpendicular to y = -5x + 7 that passes
