Lab 1 - Water

Introduction of Environmental Engineering Laboratory 1
Laboratory 1: Water Parameters
Introduction:
Colour, turbidity, pH, conductivity and total chlorine are common drinking water
quality parameters. They can be easily measured by simple instruments and are often
determined in water treatment.
Objective:
To determine color, total chlorine, turbidity, pH and conductivity in the water samples
Scope of work:
This experiment is to identify the sources of 3 water samples with 2 parts. The first
part is to measure 5 water quality parameters. The second part is to compare the
characteristics of these parameters in different samples.
Apparatus:
Color disk, total chlorine test kit, turbid meter, pH meter and conductivity meter, filter
paper, filtration kits and pump.
Procedures:
Three different samples are prepared for all the parameters listed above.
Color measurement
1. Fill a viewing tube to the top line with distilled water. This is the sample
blank.
2. Place this tube in the top left opening of the color comparator.
3. Fill another viewing tube to the top line with sample. This is the sample.
4. Place this tube in the top right opening of the color comparator.
5. Hold the comparator up to bright light and look through the openings in front.
6. Rotate the color disc until the colors match.
7. Read the reading in the scale window.
Turbidity measurement
1. Fill a clean sample cell to the mark with the sample.
2. Place the cell into the cell holder carefully. The sample cell must be clean, dry
and free of fingerprints.
3. Align the index mark with the raised mark on the spill ring around the cell
holder opening.
4. Cover the sample with the light shield.
5. Press the “Read” switch and read the turbidity of the sample from the digital
display.
pH measurement
1. Place the electrode in standard buffer solution.
2. Switch on the meter and use calibration knob to set meter reading at the value
of the buffer solution.
3. Rinse electrode with distilled water and blot dry.
4. Place the electrode into the sample and stir the sample until the pH reading is
steady.
Conductivity measurement
1. With the instrument turned OFF, check the meter’s mechanical ZERO setting.
Adjust the screwdriver adjustment control on the meter face if necessary to
obtain a zero reading.
2. Press the “POWER” switch ON and press the “BATTERY CHECK” switch.
Verify that the meter needle deflects to the BATTERY CHECK green area on
the meter scale.
3. Connect a clean, dry probe to the instrument.
4. Pres the 0-2 range switch and verify that the meter reads zero.
5. Immerse the probe in 1000 mg/L Sodium Chloride Standard solution. The
meter should indicate 1413 micromhos/cm.
6. After rinsing the probe with a distilled water and blot dry, the instrument is
now ready for use.
7. Immerse the probe in water sample and press the selector switch according to
the requirement of the water sample. If the sample is too strong, dilute the
solution.
8. For diluted sample, the reading should multiply by dilution factor.
Total Chlorine measurement

1. Fill a viewing tube to the button line with sample. This is the sample blank.
2. Place this tube in the top left opening of the color comparator.
3. Fill another viewing tube to the button line with sample and add the contents
of one DPD Total Chlorine Reagnet Power Pillow.
4. Swirl the tube until the power is completed dissolved.
5. Place this tube in the top right opening of the color comparator.
6. Hold the comparator up to bright light and look through the openings in front.
7. Rotate the color disc until the colors match.
8. Read the total chlorine in the scale window.
Discussion
1. What are the possible errors may arise from each test?
2. According to the experiment result, please identify the possible source of each
sample and explain with reason. (Hints: the samples included toilet flushing water,
effluent from tea production line and tap water.)
Record Sheet
Parameters / Unit Sample A Sample B Sample C
color ( )
Turbidity ( )
S/N:
pH
S/N:
Conductivity ( )&
Temperature (℃)
S/N
Total Chlorine ( )

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Introduction of Environmental Engineering Laboratory 1

Laboratory 1: Water Parameters

Total Chlorine measurement

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