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11 views3 pages

Os 1

Uploaded by

John Benedict Gulac
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Improved Introduction to Operating Systems

Introduction to Operating Systems (OS)

An Operating System (OS) serves as the intermediary between a computer's


hardware and software. It manages the computer's resources, including the
processor, memory, storage, and input/output devices, ensuring efficient and
coordinated operation.

Components of Computer Hardware

A modern computer consists of:

* Processor: The brain of the computer, responsible for executing


instructions. Types include single-core, dual-core, quad-core, and more.

* Main Memory (RAM/ROM): Temporary storage for data and instructions


being used by the computer.

* Storage Devices (Disks): Long-term storage for data and files.

* Input/Output Devices: Devices for interacting with the computer, such as


keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers.

What is an Operating System?

* Manager: The OS manages all the resources of a computer system.

* Essential: Every computer needs an OS to run other programs.

* Examples: Popular OS include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.

Disk Operating System (DOS)

* Minicomputers: DOS was primarily used on minicomputers, which were


multi-user systems.

* Limited Memory: Due to limited memory, DOS was designed for efficient
resource management.

Operating System Goals

* Control and Execution: The OS controls the execution of user programs and
applications.

* Convenience: The OS makes the computer easy to use.

* Problem-Solving: The OS helps users solve problems efficiently.

* Resource Efficiency: The OS utilizes computer hardware effectively.


Services Provided by an OS

* Program Development: Provides tools for creating programs, such as


editors, compilers, and debuggers.

* Program Execution: Loads programs into memory, initializes I/O, and


executes them.

* I/O and File Access: Handles I/O operations and file management.

* System Access: Manages resource allocation, protection, and conflict


resolution.

Roles of an Operating System

* Control Hardware: The OS controls all components of the computer.

* Run Applications: The OS executes application software.

* Manage Data and Files: The OS helps organize and manage data on the
computer.

Computer System Components

* Hardware: The physical components of the computer.

* Operating System: The software that manages the hardware.

* System and Application Programs: Software that performs specific tasks.

* Users: People who interact with the computer.

Layers of a Computer System

* End User: The person who uses the computer.

* Application Programs: Software that performs specific tasks.

* Utilities: System programs that provide additional functionality.

* Operating System: The core software that manages the system.

* Computer Hardware: The physical components of the computer.

Views of an Operating System

* Resource Manager: Manages and allocates system resources.

* Control Program: Controls the execution of programs and I/O devices.


* Command Executer: Provides a user interface for interacting with the
system.

* Virtual Machine: Creates a virtual environment that hides the complexities


of the hardware.

Definition of an Operating System

* Core: The kernel is the core component of the OS.

* System and Application Programs: Other programs that run on the OS.

Types of Operating Systems

* Single-User, Single-Task: Allows only one user to perform one task at a


time.

* Multi-User, Multi-Task: Allows multiple users to perform multiple tasks


simultaneously.

* Real-Time: Designed for systems that require immediate responses to


events.

Bootstrap Process

* ROM-Based Program: The bootstrap program is stored in ROM and starts


the computer.

* Loading OS: The bootstrap program loads the OS into memory.

Conclusion

An operating system plays a crucial role in managing a computer's resources


and providing a user-friendly environment. Understanding the different
components and functions of an OS is essential for effective computer usage.

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