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Chapter Two

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10 views9 pages

Chapter Two

Uploaded by

Daryush Hakimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter Two: DATA AND ITS

COLLECTION

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Meaning and Purpose of Data

Data means observations or evidences. OR, the raw facts and figures/collection of meaningful
information is called data. Data are both qualitative and quantitative in nature.
The data are needed in a research work to serve the following purposes:
1. Quality of data determines the quality of research.
2. It provides a direction and answer to a research inquiry. Data are very essential for conducting
a research.
3. The main purpose of data collection is to verify the hypotheses.
4. Data are necessary to provide the solution of the problem.
5. Data are also employed to ascertain the effectiveness of new device for its practical utility.
6. Statistical data are used in two basic problems of any investigation:
(a). Estimation of population parameters, which helps in drawing generalization about the
population characteristics.
(b). The hypotheses of any investigation are tested with the help of data.
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Sources of Data

Data Sources

Print or Electronic
Observation Survey

Experimentation

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Types of Data
• Primary Data

– The data which is collected for the first time from its source, is called
primary data.

• Secondary Data

– When the primary data is passed through any sort of statistical or


mathematical treatment, the data is known as secondary data.

– OR, the data that are collected and compiled by an outside source or by
someone in the organization who may later provide access to the data to
other users.

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Types of secondary data
• Time Series Data
• Cross Sectional Data
• Panel Data

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Data Collection Tools
• Primary Data
– Direct personal investigation (Schedule)
– Indirect investigation or personal interviews
– Questionnaire methods
– Through Enumerators etc.

• Secondary Data
– Printed materials
– Beauru of Statistics
– DA Afghanistan Bank
– Commercial and Research Journals
– Business trades etc.

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