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FORM THREE EXAM (FORM 3)

HISTORY PAPER 311/1


MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two unwritten sources of information on History and Government.


- Oral traditions/Oral sources
- Archaeology/Paleontology
- Genetics
- Linguistics
- Anthropology (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)

2. Give two religious functions of the Orkoiyot of the Nandi during the pre-colonial period.
- Mediated between God and the people/acted as a priest
- Offered sacrifices to God on behalf of the people.
- Blessing people before they undertook special activities such as going to war/raid.
(Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
3. State one way in which the Abagusii and the Kipsigis interacted during the re-colonial period.
- Through intermarriages
- Trade
- Raids/warfare (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
4. Identify two main items of trade from the interior of Kenya during the long distance trade.
- Slaves
- Ivory (Any 2 x 1 =
2mks)
5. A part from trade, give one reason why the Arabs migrated to the Kenyan Coast before 1500 AD
- To escape religious conflicts between different Islamic sects in Arabia/civil war.
- To escape from political persecution in Arabia
- To spread Islam.
- For adventure/exploration (Any 1 x 1 = 1mk)
6. State two ways in which the Maasai benefited from the collaboration with the British.
- The British supported Lenana against Sendeyo in the 1894 succession dispute.
- The maasai were protected against raids by their neighbours.
- Lenana was made a Paramount Chief.
- The maasai were rewarded with cattle from uncooperative people e.g theNandi and the Agikuyu
(Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
7. Identify two economic benefits of the Kenya-Uganda railway during the colonial period.
- It was a source of revenue to the colonial government.
- It facilitated the transport of goods and services
- It supplemented other forms of transport e.g communication.
- It led to the development of urban centres.
- Opened up the interior for economic development.
- Facilitated the movement of trade/promoted trade.
- It created job opportunities. (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
8. State two problems faced by trade union movement during the colonial period in Kenya.
- Inadequate funds
- Harassment by the colonial government.
- Wrangling among the leaders
- Lack of support from the local people due to ignorance. (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
9. Give two reasons why the Africans migrated to urban centre during the colonial period.
- To search for employment
- To avoid colonial tax system.
- They were attracted by social amenities. (Any 2 x11 = 2mks)
10. Identify the main reason why the Ukamba Members Association was formed.

The Examiner 1 SET 10


- To fight against destocking policy (Any 1 x 1 = 1mk)
11. Give two reasons which made Christian missionaries to establish mission stations in Kenya during
the colonial period.
- Settlement for freed slaves
- To train African catechists.
- Act as health centres/bases for operations
- Centres for conversion to Christianity
- For learning centres for basic literacy.
- To act as vocational centre where various skills were taught.
- To teach modern agriculture. (Any 2 x11 = 2mks)
12. Identify two development rights of children.
- Right to education
- Right to leisure
- Right to participate in cultural/artistic activities
- Right to information (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
13. Name the type of constitution used in Kenya
- Written constitution (Any 1 x 1 = 1mk)
14. Who is the head of the Judiciary in Kenya?
- The chief justice (Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
15. State the composition of the executive arm of the Kenya Government.
- President
- Deputy President
- Cabinet Secretary
- Principle Secretary
- Civil Service.

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

16(a) State five economic activities of the Somali during the pre-colonial period.
- Participated in trade
- Kept livestock
- Hunted wild animals
- Gathered fruits
- Practiced crafts
- Made iron tools
- Grew crops (Any 5 x 1 = 5mks)
(b) Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period.
- Had a decentralized system of government.
- They were organized into clans made up of related families .
- Several clans joined together to form (Gweng) rule by council of elders.
- Several gweng formed sub tribe called oganda.
- Oganda was ruled by higher council of elders under the chairman of Ruoth.
- Duties of council of elders included:-
- Maintain law and order;
- Settle disputes;
- Final court of appeal.
- They had a warrior class headed by Osumba Miruayi
- Boys were initiated at poverty to form age sets which provided the community with warriors.
(Any 5 x 2 = 10mks)
17(a) State three reasons for the coming of the Portuguese to the Kenyan Coast.
- They wanted to find a sea route to India.
- They wanted to spread Christianity.

The Examiner 2 SET 10


- They wanted to take part in the coastal trade.
- Due to desire of exploration/adventure. (Any 3 x 1 = 3mks)
(b) Explain six effects of the Portuguese rule at the Kenyan Coast.
- They built Fort Jesus
- They imposed heavy taxation on the coastal people
- They were harsh and brutal on the Africans
- Some words borrowed from Portuguese language were used to enrich Kiswahili language.
- they introduced new crops
- Those towns who resisted their rule were destroyed and left in ruins.
- They fostered good relations between East African Coast and India. (Any 6 x 2 = 12mks)
18(a) Five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya?
- Raised funds to support political activities.
- Had moral support to the freedom fighters to continue with the struggle .
- They demanded for the release of detained/arrested freedom fighters e.g Harry Thuku.
- They took part in the armed struggle e.g Field Marshal Muthon.
- They supplied basic needs to the freedom fighters in their ride outs.
- They acted as spies for the freedom fighters.
- They took part in oathing, administered oath of secrecy to mobilize the people to support the fight
for independence.
- They kept homes intact as men continued with the struggle.
- They endured pain and suffering in the hands of the colonial government for the sake of liberation.
(Any 5 x 1 = 5mks)
(b) Explain five external factors that promoted the rise of African Nationalism in Kenya after 1945
- Rise to world power of USA and USSR which were anti-colonial rule.
- The rise of the British Labour Party to power.
- Granting of independence to former British colonies like Ghana, India, Pakistan
- Support given by the Pan-African Movement.
- The decolonization policy by the United Nations.
- Signing of the Atlantic Charter in 1942.
- 2nd world war and exposure of servicemen.
- 2nd world war destroyed European superiority myth.
- 2nd world war left leading colonial powers weaker to sustain large colonies. (Any 5x 2 =
10mks)
19(a) Identify three roles played by the Africans in the provision of education during the colonial period
- They started their own schools e.g John/Owalo.
- The Africans mobilized resources to build their own schools.
- They accepted to go to school. (Any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
(b) Explain six problems faced by African in urban centres during the colonial period in Kenya.
- Fred equate housing facilities leading to rise of slaves.
- Fred equate social facilities - Education, health for African.
- Increased pollution of vehicles/industries garbage, causing health problems.
- Increases unemployment.
- Increased criminal activities because of unemployment.
- Racial discrimination residential areas.
- Payment of how wages.
- Spread of decreased due to overcrowding in slums. (Any 6 x 2 = 12mks)

The Examiner 3 SET 10


SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section
20(a) State three ways in which Kenya practices democracy.
- Referendum
- Recall clause
- iniciative
- Plebiscites. (Any 3 x 1 = 3mks)
(b) Explain six factors that have promoted National Unity in Kenya since independence.
- Use of common language; Kiswahili and English.
- Establishment of national schools and universities.
- Intermarriages between different Kenyan Communities
- The constitution of Kenya.
- The institution of the presidency which unites Kenya
- The promotion of sports and other cultural activities.
- The establishment of settlement scheme which has made it possible for people of different
backgrounds to live together.
- The symbols of national unity e.g the flag, National Anthem (Any 6 x 2 = 12mks)
21(a) Give three reasons why General Elections are important in Kenya.
- They provide Kenyans with an opportunity to choose leaders of their choice.
- It’s constitutional requirement
- They enable Kenyans to exercise their democratic rights.
- They offer alternative ideas of running the Government through different political parties
manifestos.
- They make elected leaders to work hard so as to be re-elected. (Any 3 x 1 = 3mks)
(b) Describe six ways through which the independence of the judiciary is guaranteed in Kenya.
- It is established by the Constitution of the National Government.
- Judges of the superior courts have security of tenure of office.
- Members of the judiciary are not held accountable to their action/decision if they are taken in lest
interest of dispensing injustice.
- Judges/magistrates swear the oath of allegiance to the constitution.
- The appointments of the magistrates are done by the Judiciary Service Commission in order to
guarantee its independence. (Any 6 x 2 = 12mks)
22(a) Identify three basic aims of prison sentences.
- Rehabilitate offenders
- Punish offenders
- Determine those who might be thinking of committing crimes.
- Separate criminals from law biding citizens. (Any 3 x 1 = 3mks)
(b) Explain six reasons why the legislature is the supreme arm of the government.
- Makes and repeals laws governing the country.
- Can limit the powers of the executive through constitutional amendment.
- Cabinet secretaries are accountable to parliament for their activities in their ministries.
- Can pass a vote of no confidence on the president or any of his appointees.
- Approves and establishes statutory bodies.
- Bills approved by the cabinets are discussed and passed by parliament.
- Passes the budget. (Any 6 x 2 = 12mks)

The Examiner 4 SET 10

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