MATH1013 Calculus IB Problem Set 1

L06, L07 (Fall 2024)

Problem Set 1

Note: The problem sets serve as additional exercise problems for your own practice. Problem
Set 1 covers materials from chapter 0 and chapter 1.

1. Consider the closed intervals 𝐴 = [0, 4] and 𝐵 = [3, 6]. Express each of the following sets
as a union of disjoint intervals.
(a) ℝ ∖ 𝐴
(b) ℝ ∖ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
(c) ℝ ∖ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∖ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))
(d) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ (ℝ ∖ 𝐴))
2. Solve each of the following inequalities. Write each final answer in the interval notation.
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) 4−𝑥
(a) ≥0 (d) >0
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2) (1 − 𝑥)2/3 (2 − 𝑥)1/3
𝑥2 + 1
(b) ≥0 (e) 3 < |2𝑥 − 1| ≤ 5
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)
3
(c) 𝑥 − ≥2 (f) |𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1| > 4
𝑥
3. Evaluate each of the following sums.
(a) 30 + 32 + 34 + 36 + ⋯ + 50
(b) 1 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 7 + 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 8 + 3 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 9 + ⋯ + 30 ⋅ 33 ⋅ 36
(c) 1 + 1.01 + 1.012 + 1.013 + ⋯ + 1.0110
4. Let 𝑛 be a positive integer. Evaluate each of the following sums in terms of 𝑛.
𝑛

(a) ∑(𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 − 3)

𝑘=1

1 2 4
(b) 1 + 53 + 53 + 5 + 53 + ⋯ + 5𝑛
5. Find the following functions as required.
(a) Consider a circular cylinder whose volume is 100 cubic units. Let 𝑟 and ℎ be the
radius and height of the circular cylinder respectively. Express 𝑟 as a function of ℎ.
(b) Consider a cube. Let 𝑑 be the length of a diagonal, 𝑙 be the length of an edge, 𝐴 be
the surface area and 𝑉 be the volume of the cube. Express each of 𝑙, 𝐴 and 𝑉 as a
function of 𝑑.
(c) Let 𝑃 be a point in the first quadrant which lies on the graph of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥,
let (𝑥, 𝑦) be the coordinates of 𝑃, and let 𝑚 be the slope of the line joining 𝑃 and the
origin. Express each of 𝑥 and 𝑦 as a function of 𝑚.

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MATH1013 Calculus IB Problem Set 1
L06, L07 (Fall 2024)

6. Write down the natural domain of each of the following functions.

𝑥+2
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = √ (e) 𝑓(𝑥) = |√𝑥|
𝑥+3

√𝑥 + 2 1
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = (f) 𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − |𝑥|

𝑥2 − 1 1
(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = √ (g) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2 sin 𝑥

(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = √|𝑥| (h) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln|𝑥|

7. Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be a function whose graph is as shown in the
diagram on the right. Find the natural domain and the 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
range of each of the following functions 𝑔, ℎ and 𝑚: (𝑟, 𝑠)
𝑐
(a) 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
4 𝑎 𝑏
(b) ℎ(𝑥) = √𝑓(𝑥)
2 (𝑝, 𝑞)
(c) 𝑚(𝑥) =
𝑓(𝑥)
8. (a) Let 𝑎 be a real number and consider the function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined piecewise by
𝑥−𝑎 if 𝑥 > 𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = { .
0 if 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎
Show that for every real number 𝑥 we have
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎) + |𝑥 − 𝑎|.
2 2
(b) Recall the taxi fare function 𝑃: (0, +∞) → ℝ in Example 1.28, which is defined by
29 if 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑃(𝑥) = {10.5𝑥 + 8 if 2 < 𝑥 ≤ 9 .
7𝑥 + 39.5 if 𝑥 > 9
Using the result from (a), express this function 𝑃 as the sum or difference of a linear
polynomial and absolute values of linear polynomials, i.e. write 𝑃 in the form
𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑏0 𝑥 + 𝑐0 ) + 𝑏1 |𝑥 + 𝑐1 | + 𝑏2 |𝑥 + 𝑐2 | + ⋯
where 𝑏𝑘 and 𝑐𝑘 are real numbers.
9. For each of the following, find a formula for the function whose graph is the given curve.
(a) The line segment joining the points (1, −3) and (5, 7).
(b) The bottom half of the parabola with equation 𝑥 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 0.
(c)
2

−4 −2 0 2 4

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MATH1013 Calculus IB Problem Set 1
L06, L07 (Fall 2024)

10. For each of the following functions, determine whether it is an odd function and whether it is
an even function:
(a) 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥.
(b) 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = √|𝑥|.
1 if 𝑥 is rational
(c) ℎ: ℝ → ℝ defined by ℎ(𝑥) = { .
−1 if 𝑥 is irrational
11. Show that every function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ can be decomposed as the sum of an odd function and an
even function. In other words, construct two functions 𝑓1 , 𝑓2 : ℝ → ℝ (in terms of 𝑓) such
that 𝑓1 is odd, 𝑓2 is even and
𝑓 = 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 .
12. Prove the following properties of odd and even functions.
(a) Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be an odd function and let 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ be the function 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑓 (𝑥)|.
Show that 𝑔 is even.
(b) Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be a function and let 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ be the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|). Show
that 𝑔 is even.
(c) Let 𝑓, 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ be a pair of functions such that 𝑓 is even and 𝑔 is odd. Show that
the composition 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ is an even function.
13. Let 𝑓 be a function whose graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is as follows.

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

−4 4

On the same coordinate plane, sketch the graph of

1
𝑦 = 𝑓(|𝑥| − 1) − 2.
3
14. Determine whether the following functions are one-to-one:
(a) 𝑓: {1, 2, 3, 4, … } → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = the 𝑛th prime number.
(b) 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(1 + 𝑥 2 ).
𝑥
(c) 𝑓: (−1, +∞) → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = .
√𝑥 + 1
(d) 𝑓: [−1, 1] → ℝ whose graph is as follows:

1
−1

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

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MATH1013 Calculus IB Problem Set 1
L06, L07 (Fall 2024)

15. For each of the following functions, determine whether it has an inverse or not. Find its
inverse if it has one.
2−𝑥
(a) 𝑓: ℝ ∖ {−2} → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
2+𝑥
𝑒𝑥
(b) 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
1 + 𝑒𝑥
(c) 𝑓: (𝜋/2, 3𝜋/2) → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥
(d) 𝑓: (−√𝜋/2, √𝜋/2) → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan(𝑥 2 )
16. Solve each of the following equations as instructed.
(a) Find all the real numbers 𝑥 which satisfy the the equation
cos 2𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 − 2 = 0.
(b) Find all the numbers 𝑥 ∈ [0, 4𝜋] which satisfy the equation
𝜋 𝜋
cos (𝑥 − ) + 2 cos (𝑥 + ) = 0.
3 3
17. Prove the following trigonometric identities:
𝜋
sec(−𝑥) + sin (− 2 − 𝑥)
(a) = tan3 𝑥
3𝜋
csc(3𝜋 − 𝑥) − cos ( 2 + 𝑥)

cos 2 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 1 + tan3 𝑥

(b) =
cos 2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 1 − tan3 𝑥
sin 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥
(c) + = 4 cos 2𝑥
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥
(d) = 1 − sec 2 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
1 + sin 𝑥
18. Let 𝑥 ∈ (−𝜋, 𝜋) and denote 𝑡 = tan(𝑥/2). Show that
1 − 𝑡2 2𝑡
cos 𝑥 = 2
and sin 𝑥 = .
1+𝑡 1 + 𝑡2
19. Without using calculators, find the value of each of the following:
5𝜋
(a) arccos (sin ) (b) sec(arctan 1) (c) arccos(cos 10)
3
20. The hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh and tanh are defined using the natural exponential
function as
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 sinh 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
sinh 𝑥 ≔ , cosh 𝑥 ≔ and tanh 𝑥 ≔ =
2 2 cosh 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
respectively.
(a) Find the natural domains and the ranges of sinh, cosh and tanh.
(b) For each of the functions sinh, cosh and tanh, determine whether it is odd and
whether it is even.

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