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Lecture # 10

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29 views16 pages

Lecture # 10

Uploaded by

m9107985
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Circuits Containing Resistors &

Capacitors (RC Circuits)


RC Circuits
When the switch is closed,
the capacitor will begin to
charge. As it does, the
voltage across it increases,
and the current through
the resistor decreases.

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• To find the voltage as a function of time, use the
Loop Rule to write the equation for the voltage
changes around the loop:

• I = dQ/dt, so integrate to find the charge as a


function of time:

• The voltage across the capacitor is VC = Q/C. The


current I at time t is found by differentiating the
charge:

• The quantity RC that appears in the exponent


is called the time constant of the circuit:

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• If an isolated charged capacitor
is connected across a resistor, it
discharges:

• The voltage & current as


functions of time can be found
from the charge:

and

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Electric Hazards
• Most people can “feel” a current of 1 mA; a few
mA of current begins to be painful. Currents
above 10 mA may cause uncontrollable muscle
contractions, making rescue difficult.
• Currents around 100 mA passing through the torso
can cause death by ventricular fibrillation.
• Higher currents may not cause fibrillation, but can
cause severe burns.
• Household voltage can be lethal if you are wet and
in good contact with the ground. Be careful!

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A person receiving a
shock has become part
of a complete circuit.

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Faulty wiring and improper grounding can be
hazardous. Make sure electrical work is done
by a professional.

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• The safest plugs are those with three prongs; they
have a separate ground line.
• Here is an example of household wiring – colors
can vary, though! Be sure you know which is the
hot wire before you do anything.

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
A 2.00-nF capacitor with an initial charge of 5.10 µC is discharged through a
1.30kΩ resistor. (a) Calculate the current in the resistor 9.00 µs after the resistor is
connected across the terminals of the capacitor. (b) What charge remains on the
capacitor after 8.00 µs? (c) What is the maximum current in the resistor?

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a series RC circuit as in Figure for which R=1.00MΩ,C=5.00μF,
and ɛ=30.0V. Find, (a) the time constant of the circuit and
(b) the maximum charge on the capacitor after the switch is thrown closed.
(c) Find the current in the resistor 10.0s after the switch is closed.

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A 10 μF capacitor is charged by a 10.0-V battery through a resistance R. The
capacitor reaches a potential difference of 4.0 V in a time interval of 3.00s after
charging begins. Find R.

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Consider a capacitor of capacitance C that is being discharged through a resistor
of resistance R as shown in Active Figure. After how many time constants is the
charge on the capacitor one-fourth its initial value?

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Home Work
RC Circuit, with EMF.
• The capacitance in the circuit shown is
C = 0.30 μF, the total resistance is
R = 20 kΩ, the battery emf is
E = 12 V. Calculate:
(a) the time constant,
(b) the maximum charge the capacitor could acquire,
(c) the time it takes for the charge to reach 99% of this value,
(d) the current I when the charge Q is half its maximum value,
(e) the maximum current,
(f) the charge Q when the current I is 0.20 of its maximum value.

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Home Work
Discharging RC circuit.
• In the RC circuit shown, the battery has fully charged the
capacitor, so Q0 = C E. Then at t = 0 the switch is thrown
from position a to b. The battery emf is 20.0 V, and the
capacitance C = 1.02 μF. The current I is observed to
decrease to 0.50 of its initial value in 40 μs.
(a) What is the value of Q, the charge on the capacitor, at t = 0?
(b) What is the value of R? (c) What is Q at t = 60 μs?

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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