Surveying The Vietnamese Youth On The Negative Impact of Social Media

e-ISSN 2795-3248
p-ISSN 2795-3222
10.5281/zenodo.7835098 Vol. 06 Issue 04 April - 2023 Manuscript ID: #0821
SURVEYING THE VIETNAMESE YOUTH ON THE

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Assoc., PhD Hoang Thanh Tung
University of Labour and Social Affairs
Bui Tien Thanh
Hanoi - University of Economics and Business
Pham Thai Phuong
Hanoi - Amsterdam High School for the Gifted
Original Article
Corresponding author: Hoang Thanh Tung
ABSTRACT
In the context of globalization and the rapid development of the Internet, social
networks have become an indispensable part of the lives of citizens in the 21st century.
In addition to helping people communicate and connect, wireless platforms bring
benefits to work, study, and entertainment. However, faced with the staggering increase
in the use of social networks, many argue that they can have negative impacts on users,
particularly those who are studying or working. This study aims to provide readers with
an overview of the negative impacts of social networks on Vietnamese youth. The
research data was collected by gathering reputable sources and surveying young people
born between 1995 and 2010, belonging to Generation Z, who are living, studying, and
working in major cities in Vietnam and using social networks. Through statistical
analysis and data processing, the results show that the use of communication platforms
has a negative impact on the productivity and health of Vietnamese youth. To minimize
the negative impacts on daily life, young people should consider the amount of time they
spend using social networks and the content they publish. Additionally, protecting
personal information and building positive communities is necessary to avoid
unnecessary risks.
KEYWORDS
Social media, youth, the negative impact of social media, Vietnam.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved © GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE |Int. J. Social Science & Humanities Research| Page 40 of 54
Hoang, T., Bui, T., & Phuong, P.., (2023) Int. J. Social Science Humanities Research. 06(04), 40-54
1. Introduction
In modern times, the use of social media has become a necessary demand regardless of age,
social class, educational level, or employment status. Currently, 27 online platforms are operating on
a massive worldwide scale, and the number of active users has increased significantly since the
outbreak of the pandemic in early 2020. With the rapid increase in the use of social media platforms
worldwide, there are concerns about these networks and how they affect young people. The harmful
consequences of social media significantly replace their benefits. (Colombo, 2021).
Despite the public perception of social media misuse, most university students nowadays
consider social media a useful tool for learning. The positive impact of social media on university
students seems to outweigh the negative. However, ANOVA results show no statistically significant
difference between the positive and negative effects of social media on students' academic
achievements. Teachers and students can use social media as an information and communication tool
to reduce and improve the learning process. (Ahmad Jahed Mushtaq, 2018)
Differing views exist regarding the benefits and drawbacks of social media. Nevertheless,
humanity is now more connected and interactive than ever before thanks to the development of social
media. Today's citizens widely use social media, and their lives depend heavily on these platforms.
This study focuses on how young people in Vietnam use social media. The survey was conducted
from February to March 2023, with 379 responses, including those from students and working people
in major cities in Vietnam. The young people surveyed belong to the Generation Z group, born
between 1995-2010. The survey aims to understand how social media affects the physical and mental
health, work productivity, and relationships of young people with others. The survey focuses on
questions about the purpose and duration of social media use and the personal opinions of participants
on the issue of social media use. The findings of this survey will clarify the limitations of using social
media and the potential harm it may cause to young people in Vietnam.
2. Social Media and its negative impact

2.1. Social Media
Social media is known as an internet-based technology that supports the sharing of ideas and
information through virtual networks and communities. It allows users to create content, exchange or
provide content, share information, and engage in other forms of expression. (Colombo, 2021).
A social network can be understood as an online website or platform with many different
forms and features that help people easily connect from anywhere. The social network can be easily
accessed from many different devices, such as computers, phones, etc. (Thinh, N.V., 2021)
Social media is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations
with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life
connections. (W.Akram, R.Kumar, 2017)
Social media is a platform for people to discuss their issues and opinions. (Shabnoor Siddiqui,
Tajinder Singh, 2016)
Social media is now being described as a network for disseminating knowledge between
communities and learners (Al-Rahmi & Zeki, 2017).
As an interactive technology, social media facilitates the forming and maintenance of social
relationships through the electronic interpersonal communication (Larose et al., 2014)
©2023 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE |International Journal of Social Science & Humanities Research| 41
SURVEYING THE VIETNAMESE YOUTH ON THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media is a new online media group that enables sharing within the context of
participation, openness, chatting, society, and being connected. (Bekdemįr, Ü., & Tağrįkulu, P., 2018)
Thus, social networks operate on the Internet platform with features such as chat, email,
movies, voice chat, and file sharing,... On social networks, users can share images, and personal
opinions, or search for friends and partners. Although social networks have different names, some
different features, and ways of use, they share some common characteristics: (i) Users must create
profiles and have their accounts; (ii) Many users connect through names, email addresses, and
nicknames, and social networks will link user accounts to personal or organizational accounts; (iii)
The content posted and shared on social networks is determined by the users themselves, including
images, words, and sentences. (https://hieuluat.vn, 2022)
2.2. Overview of the downsides of social networks

In an overview of the research process on the negative sides of social media, the research
team examines various aspects of the dark side of social media. Regarding physical health, W. Akram,
and R. Kumar (2017) show that social media leads some individuals to self-diagnose inaccurately.
Research by Monica Munjial Singh and colleagues (2017) reveals that social media can have negative
impacts on physical health such as headaches, back pain, eye strain, and digestive issues. In addition,
research by Anushree Tandon and colleagues (2020) focuses on the psychological health aspect, while
the study by Hemantha Kulatunga (2021) points out the negative effects of social media on mental
health, causing some psychological problems. Furthermore, social media leads to "anxiety" and "peer
pressure" (Walaa Elsayed, 2021). The dark side of social media also includes "privacy invasion" (W.
Akram, R. Kumar, 2017) and "influence on real-life relationships" (Monica Munjial Singh and
colleagues, 2017). Colombo (2021) indicates that the dark side of social media includes "the
separation of individuals from the community and the isolation of users". Regarding learning and
work aspects, research by Mingle, J., Adams, M. (2015) shows that excessive use of social media
leads to poor grammar and spelling, late submission of assignments, less study time, and poor
academic performance. Eke, Helen N. Miss, and colleagues (2014) highlight the dark side of social
media, including "cyberbullying, cyber violence." Sudha, S and Kavitha Es. (2016) show that
"students and teachers lack awareness of appropriate use of social media topics relevant to education"
or "students lack a habit of reading books and newspapers" (Mushtaq, A, J.,2015). Eke, Helen N.
Miss, and colleagues (2014) identify a range of negative impacts of social media, such as
"cybercrime, internet addiction, laziness, some social vices like fraud, murder, and kidnapping," and
"unethical acts such as pornography, prostitution." One of the factors of the learning and work aspect
under the negative influence of social media is "reduced concentration," according to W.A.
Table 1. Overview of the negative effects of social media
No. Negative effects of social media Source
1 Negatively affecting physical health
1.1. Incorrect self-diagnosis W.Akram, R.Kumar, (2017)
1.2 Constant headaches/Back-pain Monica Munjial Singh,

/Eye-strain/Hand-corns Mohammad Amiri, Sherry
Sabbarwal (2017)
1.3 The problem of high blood pressure
©2023 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE |International Journal of Social Science & Humanities Research | 42
1.4 Problem-related to digestion/stomach
1.5 Sleep disturbances Anushree Tandon, Puneet

Kaur, Amandeep Dhir, Matti
Mäntymäki (2020)
2 Negatively affecting mental health
2.1 Psychological issues Hemantha Kulatunga (2021)
2.2 Anxiety Monica Munjial Singh,

Mohammad Amiri, Sherry
Sabbarwal (2017)
2.3 Peer pressure Walaa Elsayed (2021)
2.4 Privacy concerns W.Akram, R.Kumar, (2017)
2.5 Negatively impacting real-life relationships Monica Munjial Singh,

Mohammad Amiri, Sherry
Sabbarwal (2017)
2.6 Social separation and loneliness. Colombo (2021)
3 Negatively impacting study and work
3.1 poor grammar and spelling, late submission of Mingle, J., Adams, M. (2015)
assignments, less study time, and poor academic
performance
3.2 cyber-bullying Eke, Helen N. Miss; Omekwu,

Charles Obiora Prof; and
Odoh, Jennifer Nneka Miss.
(2014)
3.3 Lack of awareness among the students and faculty Sudha, S and Kavitha Es.
members about the appropriate usage of social media on (2016)
topics of educational interest.
3.4 Lack of habits of reading newspapers among students Mushtaq, A, J. (2015).
3.5 E- crime, Internet addiction, laziness, a standard crime Eke, Helen N. Miss; Omekwu,
like fraud, murder, kidnapping; immoral acts like Charles Obiora Prof; and
pornography, prostitution Odoh, Jennifer Nneka Miss.
(2014)
3.6 Attention span drops, jeopardizing the capability to W.Akram, R.Kumar, (2017)
concentrate
Source: Synthesis of the research team
An overview of the negative aspects of social media was conducted across three aspects,
including:
-The impact of social media on physical health, including eye strain, decreased vision, joint
and digestive problems, blood pressure issues, and sleep disorders.
-The impact of social media on mental health, including anxiety disorders, emotional
disorders, privacy violations, conflicts in real-life relationships, loneliness, and peer pressure.
-The impact of social media on learning and work, including school violence, language
expression ability, decreased concentration, reduced member interaction, and influence on motivation
and academic/work outcomes. This study gathered information on these aspects through research and
analysis.
3. Research Method
The author group utilized desk research and social investigation methods to conduct the
study. Data was collected and analyzed using Excel software.
The desk research method involved gathering and summarizing related documents and
articles to clarify the concepts and characteristics of social networks, specifically examining their
negative aspects. Based on the approach taken, the research team developed a survey questionnaire on
Google Drive that focused on survey questions to clarify the research objectives.
After creating a preliminary survey, the team conducted trial interviews with five young
people who frequently use social networks. The opinions of these five young people were summarized
to finalize the official survey questionnaire
(https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScSJRpTVHlsYFYkYBh2LRh920SFedP658a_qgjUHd2m
648oWQ/closedform),which was then sent to Generation Z respondents born between 1995-2010 in
large cities throughout Vietnam via social media platforms such as Facebook, Zalo, Viber, and email.
The social investigation method used a convenience sampling approach and snowball
sampling to identify the next target based on the suggestion or introduction of the previously surveyed
individual. Through the survey, the authors collected 379 responses, which were compiled, analyzed,
and statistically validated using Excel software.
The survey included Likert-5 scale questions with five levels:
1. Strongly Disagree / Do not use,
2. Disagree / Use a little,
3. No Opinion / Use normally,
4. Agree / Use relatively Often,
5. Strongly Agree / Use A Lot.
Assessing the degree of opinions, the author determines the values of the distance range and
the mean value, specifically:
For the 5-level Likert scale:
Distance range = (Maximum - Minimum) / n = (5-1)/5 = 0.8
Meaning of the levels:
1.00 - 1.80: Strongly Disagree / Do Not Use

1.81 - 2.60: Disagree / Use A Little
2.61 - 3.40: No Opinion / Use Normally
3.41 - 4.20: Agree / Use Relatively Often
4.21 - 5.00: Strongly Agree / Use A Lot
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive statistics of survey participants
Three hundred seventy-nine individuals participated in the survey, of which 95 were male
(25%), 272 were female (72%), and 12 did not specify (3%). (Chart 1)
Chart 1. Gender of survey participants
Source: Survey results
Chart 2 shows three age groups among the survey participants, with 27 individuals born from
1995 to 1999 (7%). Meanwhile, the number of individuals born from 2000 to 2005 accounted
for the highest proportion at 293 individuals (77%). The remaining 59 individuals were born
from 2006 to 2010 (16%). (Chart 2).
Chart 2. Age of survey participants
The results show that most survey participants were students, with 267 individuals
accounting for 70%. The second group was students, accounting for 18%, with 67 individuals.
Finally, the number of employed individuals accounted for 12%, with 45 individuals. (Chart 3)
Chart 3. Occupation of survey participants
4.2. General information on the level of social media usage
Regarding the level of social media usage among the 379 survey participants, the results are
shown in Chart 4.
Chart 4. Level of social media usage
1. Not used; 2. Used sparingly; 3. Used commonly; 4. Used relatively frequently; 5. Used
frequently.
The average score calculated from the survey results was 4.06, indicating that young people
participating in the survey are currently using social media at a relatively high level.
Chart 5. Social networks that young people commonly use
Chart 5 shows that 347 survey participants are Facebook users (accounting for 91.6%),
rankingthe highest proportion. The second most commonly used social network is TikTok, with 273
users (72%). The following three positions are Zalo, YouTube, and Instagram, swinging from 235 to
257 individuals (accounting for 62% to 68%). The remaining options, such as Twitter, Discord, and
others, accounted for less than 12%.
Chart 6. Daily social media usage time
Chart 6 shows that the majority of users (38%) use social media for 4 to 6 hours a day, 19%
of survey participants (72 individuals) reported using social media for 6 to 8 hours a day, and even
12% (44 individuals) use social media for over 8 hours a day.
The second-highest rank on the ranking table is for people who use social media for 2 to 4
hours a day (104 individuals), accounting for 27%. Meanwhile, 15 individuals, equivalent to 4% of
survey participants, use social media for less than 2 hours.
The survey results on the purpose of social media usage among young people are shown in
Chart 7.
Chart 7. Purpose of social media usage
The survey results show that most participants use social media for entertainment,
accounting for 91.6% (347 responses). The following reason is for communication and updating
information, accounting for 81.8% (310 answers). Next is for studying purposes, with 74.1% (281
replies). The number of responses using social media for sharing emotions is 181, accounting for
47.8%, and other purposes account for 4.5% (17 responses).
4.2. Vietnamese youth's perception of the negative aspects of social media
Regarding the negative aspects of social media, the research group discussed the impact of
social media on physical and mental health, as well as its effects on learning and work.
Figure 8. Impact of social media on physical health
As for physical health, 333 out of 379 people, or 87.9%, felt that their eyesight had decreased
when using social media; 57.3% (217/379) of those surveyed reported sleep disturbances; and 26.6%
(101/379) had problems with bones and joints. The remaining respondents reported 11.6% digestive
problems and 10.8% blood pressure disorders. A small percentage of survey participants (5.8%)
reported no effects or simply a waste of time.
Figure 9. Impact of social media on mental health
The top issues were emotional disorders and peer pressure, accounting for 42.2% (160
responses) and 43% (163). Next, 36.7% (139 replies) reported conflicts in their relationships, 31.1%
(118 responses) experienced anxiety disorders, and 29.6% (112 responses) felt lonely while using
social media. Additionally, 91 (24%) respondents reported privacy violations. Other symptoms
accounted for 12% (40 replies).
Chart 10: The negative aspects of social networking on learning and work
According to Chart 10, 260 people feel that using social networks reduces their ability to
concentrate (accounting for 68.6%). Next, 178 (47%) people believe it affects their learning
outcomes, and 171 (45.1%) feel less motivated to learn and work. In addition, 128 (33.8%)
respondents believe that social networks reduce interaction, and 111 (29.3%) believe that it affects
their language expression ability. Finally, 71 (18.7%) people surveyed believe that using social
networks leads to violence in schools, and 19 people (5.3%) do not feel affected or imply waste their
time...
Based on the survey results, the research team evaluated the negative impact of social
networks on three aspects: physical health, mental health, and learning/work outcomes, as shown in
Table 2:
Table 2. Evaluation of the Negative Impact of Social Networks

Number of
Impact of Social Networks Rating
Respondents
1. Strongly disagree 11
2. Disagree 30
Social networks have a negative impact on physical
3. No opinion 93
health
4. Agree 198
5. Strongly agree 47
2. Disagree 26
Social networks have a negative impact on mental
3. No opinion 85
health
4. Agree 193
5. I Strongly agree 63
2. Disagree 32
Social networks have a negative impact on
3. No opinion 103
learning/work outcomes
4. Agree 179
5. Strongly agree 51
From the survey results, the research team calculated the average score for the negative
impact of social networks on physical health, mental health, and learning/work outcomes. The
average scores for evaluating the adverse effects of social networks are shown in Chart 11.
Chart 11. Assessment of the negative impact of social media

3.75
3.71
3.7
3.65 3.63
3.6 3.58
3.55
3.5
Social networks have an Social networks have an Social networks have an
negative impact on negative impact on mental negative impact on
physical health health study/work outcome
Source: Calculated from survey results.
Thus, the survey results show that the negative impact of social networks on mental health is
3.63 points; the highest score is for the adverse effects on mental health, at 3.71 points; and the
lowest score is for the negative impact on learning/work outcomes, at 3.58 points. All three scores are
in the range of (3.41-4.2), indicating that survey participants agree with the research team's view that
social networks negatively affect all three issues discussed in the study.
5. Discussion of Research Results

Focusing on examining the negative aspects of social networks, the research results showed
that young people use social networks quite a lot, with 12% of respondents using social networks for
more than 8 hours per day, primarily using social networks for 4-6 hours per day, and only 4% of
respondents using social networks for less than 2 hours. Facebook is the most used social network,
followed by TikTok, Zalo, YouTube, and Instagram. Most survey participants use social networks for
entertainment, communication, and information updates. The research results also showed that most
survey participants believe that social networks harm physical health (evaluation score of 3.63/5),
such as reducing vision when using social networks and sleep disorders. Mental health issues were
also noted (evaluation score of 3.71/5) in emotional disorders, peer pressure, conflicts in social
relationships, anxiety disorders, loneliness, or privacy violations. Regarding the learning and working
issues, the data (evaluation score of 3.58/5) showed that many students would have reduced
concentration, affecting their learning outcomes, reduced motivation to learn and work, and reduced
interaction.
The study also examined measures to use social networks reasonably.
Chart 12. Reasonable Use of Social Networks
The survey results showed that 317 respondents (83.6%) believe we should consider our time
on social networks. In addition, 300 respondents (79.2%) agree that we need to select information
when updating social networks and 280 respondents (73.9%) believe we should be careful when
sharing information on social networks. In addition, eight respondents (2.4%) provided other
suggestions, such as knowing when to stop and use social networks reasonably, being civilized on
social networks, balancing daily activities in real life with activities on social networks, and
identifying the purpose of using social networks…
In the end, social media has played and is playing a very important role in our lives,
especially for the younger generation. It helps us connect with friends, family, and people of interest
from all over the world. Moreover, thanks to social media, we can search for information, share
knowledge and experience, connect with people who have the same interests, and create new business
relationships.
However, misusing social media can bring many undesired harms. One of the harms of social
media is that it can harm the mental state of the users, especially children, and teenagers. Excessive
reliance on social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, mental pressure, sleep disorders, and even
physical deterioration. In addition, misusing social media can also lead to the loss of privacy, fraud,
and cyber-attacks. Therefore, to use social media correctly, we need some guidelines as follows:
 Allocate an appropriate amount of time for social media: Avoid spending too much time on
social media, especially during working or studying hours.
 Protect personal information: To avoid fraud and cyber-attacks, make sure that your personal
information is secure and not shared with strangers.
 Filter content: Carefully select the content that you post and share on social media, avoiding
posting inaccurate or false information.
 Establish positive relationships and build a conscious community on social media: Avoid
joining or participating in negative or abusive groups or communities.
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10.5281/zenodo.7835098 Vol. 06 Issue 04 April - 2023 Manuscript ID: #0821

SURVEYING THE VIETNAMESE YOUTH ON THE

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

2. Social Media and its negative impact

2.2. Overview of the downsides of social networks

Table 1. Overview of the negative effects of social media

No. Negative effects of social media Source

1 Negatively affecting physical health

1.1. Incorrect self-diagnosis W.Akram, R.Kumar, (2017)

1.2 Constant headaches/Back-pain Monica Munjial Singh,

1.4 Problem-related to digestion/stomach

1.5 Sleep disturbances Anushree Tandon, Puneet

2 Negatively affecting mental health

2.1 Psychological issues Hemantha Kulatunga (2021)

2.2 Anxiety Monica Munjial Singh,

2.3 Peer pressure Walaa Elsayed (2021)

2.4 Privacy concerns W.Akram, R.Kumar, (2017)

2.5 Negatively impacting real-life relationships Monica Munjial Singh,

2.6 Social separation and loneliness. Colombo (2021)

3 Negatively impacting study and work

3.2 cyber-bullying Eke, Helen N. Miss; Omekwu,

3.4 Lack of habits of reading newspapers among students Mushtaq, A, J. (2015).

Source: Synthesis of the research team

The survey included Likert-5 scale questions with five levels:

1. Strongly Disagree / Do not use,

2. Disagree / Use a little,

3. No Opinion / Use normally,

4. Agree / Use relatively Often,

5. Strongly Agree / Use A Lot.

For the 5-level Likert scale:

Distance range = (Maximum - Minimum) / n = (5-1)/5 = 0.8

Meaning of the levels:

1.00 - 1.80: Strongly Disagree / Do Not Use

Chart 1. Gender of survey participants

Source: Survey results

Chart 2. Age of survey participants

Source: Survey results

Chart 3. Occupation of survey participants

Source: Survey results

4.2. General information on the level of social media usage

Chart 4. Level of social media usage

Chart 5. Social networks that young people commonly use

Source: Survey results

Chart 6. Daily social media usage time

Source: Survey results

Chart 7. Purpose of social media usage

Source: Survey results

4.2. Vietnamese youth's perception of the negative aspects of social media

Figure 8. Impact of social media on physical health

Source: Survey results

Figure 9. Impact of social media on mental health

Source: Survey results

Source: Survey results

Table 2. Evaluation of the Negative Impact of Social Networks

Chart 11. Assessment of the negative impact of social media

Source: Calculated from survey results.

5. Discussion of Research Results

Chart 12. Reasonable Use of Social Networks