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Amplitude Shift Keying Theory

ASK

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Mr. RAVI KUMAR I
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11 views7 pages

Amplitude Shift Keying Theory

ASK

Uploaded by

Mr. RAVI KUMAR I
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING

The most important and interesting concept in communication is Modulation. It


has different types. Modulation is defined as the improving the signal
characteristics amplitude, frequency or phase with reference of the carrier
signal. If the input signal is analog form then such modulation is called as
analog modulation. And if the inputs signal in the form of digital, such
modulation is called Digital modulation. Analog forms of signals are suffered
from distortion, noise and interference effects. Due to these three defects,
digital signals are preferred than analog. And in digital modulation, the input
signal is in the form of digital-only. It has only two voltage levels either high or
low. But in the analog signal, its voltage is continued and affected by some type
of noise. If the input signal in the form of digital and if you try to increase its
amplitude characteristics concerning the carrier signal, this process of
modulation is called as Amplitude Shift Keying. It is also known as ASK. This
article discusses what is ASK, and its importance.

Amplitude Shift Keying Theory


This type of modulation comes under Digital Modulation schemes. Here, the
word keying has some importance, i.e. Keying is indicating the transmission of
digital signal over the channel. By the amplitude shift keying theory, we can
understand the process of ASK technique.

analog-and-digital-signals
In ASK, it requires two input signals, First input is binary sequence signal and
the second input is carrier signal. Here the most important point we need to
always consider the second input which is the carrier signal has the more
amplitude/voltage range than the input binary sequence signal.

Reason for Choosing the High Characteristics Carrier


Signal
For example, if you want to go to someplace you can choose the bus for
transportation purpose. Once you reached your destination you come out from
the bus. Here when you reached your destination you are not considering the
bus which you helped to reach your destination. You are using the bus as just
for a medium. So, here also to complete the modulation process, the input
binary sequence signal using the carrier signals to reach its destination point.

One more important point is to consider here, the carrier signal amplitude is
should be greater than the input binary signal amplitude. Within carrier
amplitude range we are going to modulate the binary input signal amplitude. If
the carrier signal amplitude is less than the input binary signal voltage, then
such a combination modulation process leads to over modulation and under
modulation effects. So to achieve perfect modulation carrier single should
have more amplitude range than input binary signal.

ask-block-diagram
In amplitude shift keying theory, input binary signal amplitude varies according
to the carrier signal voltage. In ASK, the input binary signal is multiplied with
the carrier signal along with its time intervals. Between the first time interval of
input binary signal multiplied with the first time interval of carrier signal voltage
and the same process continues for all time intervals. If the input binary signal
is logic HIGH for certain time interval, then the same should be delivered at
the output ports with increment in voltage level. So the main aim of the
amplitude shift keying modulation is to changing or improving the voltage
characteristics of the input binary signal concerning the carrier signal. The
below diagram indicating the Amplitude shift keying block diagram.

At Mixer Circuit Level

When the switch is closed – for all the logic HIGH time intervals i.e. when the
input signal having logic 1 during those intervals the switch is closed and it is
multiplied with the carrier signal which is generating from the function
generator for the same duration.

When the switch is opened – when the input signal having logic 0, the switch
is opened and there is no output signal will be generated. Because the input
binary signal logic 0 having no voltage, so during these intervals when the
carrier signal multiples with it, zero output will come. The output is zero for all
logic 0 intervals of the input binary signal. Mixer circuit having the pulse
shaping filters and band-limited filters for shaping the ASK output signal.
ask-modulation-waveforms

ASK Circuit Diagram


Amplitude shift keying modulation circuit can be designed with 555timer IC as
an astable mode. Here, the carrier signal can be varied by using the R1, R2
and C. The carrier frequency can be instantly calculated by the formulae as
0.69*C*(R1+R2). A PIN 4 we will apply the input binary signal and at PIN 3 the
circuit will generate the ASK modulated wave.

ask-modulation-circuit

ASK Demodulation Process


Demodulation is the process of reconstructing the original signal at the receiver
level. And it is defined as, whatever the modulated signal received from the
channel at the receiver side by implementing the proper demodulated
techniques to recover/reproduce the original input signal at the output stage of
the receiver.
ASK demodulation can be done in two ways. They are,

 Coherent detection (Synchronous demodulation)


 Noncoherent Detection (Asynchronous demodulation)
We will start the demodulation process with coherent detection which is also
called as synchronous ASK detection.

1). Coherent ASK Detection

In this way of demodulation process, the carrier signal which we are using at
the receiver stage is in the same phase with the carrier signal which we are
using at the transmitter stage. It means the carrier signal at transmitter and
receiver stages are the same values. This type of demodulation is called
Synchronous ASK detection or coherent ASK detection.

coherent-ask-detection-block-diagram

The receiver receives the ASK modulated waveform from the channel but
here this modulated waveform is effected with noise signal because it is
forwarded from the free space channel. So this, noise can be eliminated
after the multiplier stage by the help of a low pass filter. Then it is forwarded from
the sample and hold circuit for converting it into discrete signal form. Then at
each interval, the discrete signal voltage is compared with the reference
voltage (Vref) to reconstruct the original binary signal.
2). Non-coherent ASK Detection

In this, the only difference is the carrier signal which is using at the transmitter
side and receiver side are not in the same phase with each other. By this
reason, this detection is called as Non-coherent ASK detection (Asynchronous
ASK detection). This demodulation process can be completed by using with
square law device. The output signal which is generating from the square-law
device can be forwarded through a low pass filter to reconstruct the original
binary signal.

non-coherent-ask-detection-block-diagram

Amplitude shift keying is an effective technique to increase the input amplitude


characteristics in communications. But these ASK modulated waveforms are
easily affected by noise. And this leads to amplitude variations. Due to this,
there will be voltage fluctuations in the output waveforms. The second
drawback of the ASK modulation technique is, it has low power efficiency.
Because ASK requires the excessive bandwidth. It leads to power loss in the
spectrum of ASK.

Whenever to modulate two input binary signals, amplitude shift keying


modulation is not preferable. Because it has to take only one input only. So, to
overcome this Quadrature Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is preferred. In this
modulation technique, we can modulate two binary signals with two different
carrier signals. Here, these two carrier signals are in opposite phase with
90degrees difference. Sin and cosine signals are used as carriers in
quadrature amplitude shift keying. The advantage of this is, it uses effectively
the bandwidth of the spectrum. It offers more power efficiency than the
amplitude shift keying.

amplitude-shift- keying-Matlab-Simulink

Amplitude shift keying Matlab Simulink can be designed with Matlab tool. After
initializing the tool, by following the proper steps we can draw the ASK circuit
on the work area. By giving the proper signal values we can get the
modulated output waveforms

ASK Applications
Modulation has an important role in communications. And amplitude shift
keying applications are mentioned below. They are:

 Low-frequency RF applications
 Home automation devices
 Industrial networks devices
 Wireless base stations
 Tire pressuring monitoring systems
Thus, Ask (amplitude shift keying) is a digital modulation technique to increase
the amplitude characteristics of the input binary signal. But its drawbacks
make it so limited. And these drawbacks can be overcome by the other
modulation technique which is FSK.

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