Core Java Madhusudhan

Data Types in Java:

• The Java programming language is a statically typed language, which means that every
variable and every expression has a type that is known at compile time.
• Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the variable.
• The types of the Java programming language are divided into two categories:
1. Primitive types and
2. Non-primitive (reference) types.

1. Primitive Data Types

• The primitive types are the boolean type and the numeric types.
• The Java programming language supports eight primitive data types.
• The numeric types are the integral types byte, short, int, long, and char, and the
floating-point types float and double.
• A primitive type is predefined by the language and is named by a reserved keyword.
• Primitive values do not share state with other primitive values.

Byte Data Type:

• Byte data type is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer
• Minimum value is -128 (-2^7)
• Maximum value is 127 (inclusive)(2^7 -1)
• Byte data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place of integers, since
a byte is four times smaller than an integer.

Short Data Type:

• Short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer
• Minimum value is -32,768 (-2^15)
• Maximum value is 32,767 (inclusive) (2^15 -1)
• Short data type can also be used to save memory as byte data type. A short is 2 times
smaller than an integer

Int Data Type:

• Int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer.
• Minimum value is - 2,147,483,648 (-2^31)
• Maximum value is 2,147,483,647(inclusive) (2^31 -1)
• Integer is generally used as the default data type for integral values unless there is a
concern about memory.

Long Data Type:

• Long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer
• Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808(-2^63)
• Maximum value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive)(2^63 -1)
• This type is used when a wider range than int is needed

Float Data Type:

• Float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point
• Float is mainly used to save memory in large arrays of floating point numbers

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 Core Java Madhusudhan
• Float data type is never used for precise values such as currency
• Example: float f1 = 234.5f

Double Data Type:

• double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point
• This data type is generally used as the default data type for decimal values, generally
the default choice
• Double data type should never be used for precise values such as currency

Boolean Data Type:

• Boolean data type represents one bit of information
• There are only two possible values: true and false.
• This data type is used for simple flags that track true/false conditions.
• This data type represents one bit of information, but its "size" isn't something that's
precisely defined.

Char Data Type:

• char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character
• Minimum value is '\u0000' (or 0)
• Maximum value is '\uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive)
• Char data type is used to store any character

Examples of Integral Data Types:

class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte x1 = 127;
short x2 = 3276;
int x3 = 21648;
long x4 = 2147483648l;
long x5 = 2147483648L;

System.out.println("Byte :" + x1);

System.out.println("Short :" + x2);
System.out.println("Int :" + x3);
System.out.println("Long :" + x4);
}
}

Examples of Floating-point Data Types:

class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
float x = 1.2F;
double y = 2.45;
double z = 2.45d;

System.out.println("Float : " + x);

System.out.println("Double : " + y);
System.out.println("Double : " + z);
}
}

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 Core Java Madhusudhan
Examples of boolean Data Types:
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean x = true;
boolean y = false;

System.out.println("Boolean : " + x);

System.out.println("Boolean : " + y);
}
}

Examples of char Data Types:

Example 1:
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char x = 'M';
char y = 'L';

System.out.println("Char : " + x);

System.out.println("Char : " + y);
}
}

Example: 2
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char x = '\u0041';
char y = '\uffff';

System.out.println("Char : " + x);

System.out.println("Char : " + y);
}
}

2. Non-Primitive or Reference Data Types:

• The reference types are class types, interface types, and array types.
• There is also a special null type.
• An object is a dynamically created instance of a class type or a dynamically created
array.
• The values of a reference type are references to objects. All objects, including arrays,
support the methods of class Object.
• A reference variable can be used to refer any object of the declared type or any
compatible type.
• Example:
o Employee e = new Employee();
o Customer c = new Customer();

Examples of Non-primitive Data Types:

class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = new String();
Test t1 = new Test();
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Test t2 = new Test();
Test t3 = new Test();
A a = new A();

System.out.println("String : " + s);

System.out.println("Test : " + t1);
System.out.println("Test : " + t2);
System.out.println("Test : " + t3);
System.out.println("A : " + a);
}
}

class A {
}

Output:
String :
Test : Test@15db9742
Test : Test@6d06d69c
Test : Test@7852e922
A : A@4e25154f

Default Values for data types:

• Primitive
o Integrals : 0
o Floating-point : 0.0
o Char : '\u0000' (Single Space)
o Boolean : false
• Non-primitive
o For all non-primitive : null

Example to print default values:

class Test {
static byte x1;
static short x2;
static int x3;
static long x4;

static float x5;

static double x6;

static char x7;

static boolean x8;

static String x9;

static Test x10;

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Byte : " + x1);
System.out.println("Short : " + x2);
System.out.println("Int : " + x3);
System.out.println("Long : " + x4);
System.out.println("Float : " + x5);
System.out.println("Double : " + x6);
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 Core Java Madhusudhan
System.out.println("Char : " + 'A' + x7 + 'B');
System.out.println("Boolean : " + x8);
System.out.println("String : " + x9);
System.out.println("Test : " + x10);
}
}

Wrapper Class for Primitive:

Primitive Default value Wrapper Class
Data Types (for fields) (java.lang)
byte 0 Byte
short 0 Short
int 0 Integer
long 0L Long
float 0.0f Float
double 0.0d Double
boolean false Boolean
char '\u0000'(single space) Character

Note (for local variables in Java):

• Local variables are slightly different; the compiler never assigns a default value to an
uninitialized local variable.
• If we cannot initialize our local variable where it is declared, make sure to assign it a
value before we attempt to use it.
• Accessing an uninitialized local variable will result in a compile-time error.

Unicode System
UNICODE: Universal International Standard Character Encoding.
Before UNICODE:
• ASCII
• ISO

Least Value: '\u0000'

Max Value: '\uffff'

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