MODERN NURSING COLLEGE

ANNANDALE SHIMLA-03

ASSIGNMENT ON
“Indian system on medicine”

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MRS. RITU RILTA MRS. SHEETAL KUMARI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ROLL NO. 07

M.Sc. NURSING 1ST
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING YEAR

SUBMITTED ON: 04.06.2024

 INTRODUCTION
There are so many alternatives’ ways of treatment in whole world other than allopathy.
Alternative medicine includes various healing approaches and therapies that originate
from around the world. Alternative medicine includes therapies and health, care practices
however many such practices are popular, and some are used in hospital patient are most
likely to seek alternative medicine for conditions such as chronic low back pain, stress,
migraine, headaches, menopausal symptoms, cancer and arthritis.

DEFINITIONS

Complementary and alternative therapies are the group of diverse medical and health care
systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered medicine.

OR

Alternative medicine are intervention that differ from the conventional bio-medical
treatment of disease.

Types of alternative system of medicine: AYUSH

1. Ayurvedic system
2. Yoga or Naturopathy system
3. Unani system
4. Siddha system
5. Homeopathy system

Department of AYUSH:

Department of Indian systems of medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H) was

created in March, 1995 and re-named as Department of Ayurveda, Yoga &
Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) in November, 2003 with a
view to providing focused attention to development of Education & Research in
Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha and Homeopathy systems. Goal of
AYUSH is to providing cost effective and equitable AYUSH healthcare all over
India by enhancing access to the services.

Aims of alternative system of medicine

•To promote, advance the science of alternative systems of medicines.

•To advance the scientific study and professional practice of alternative
medicines.
• To maintain the honor and dignity and to uphold and safeguard the interests of
alternative systems of medicine and other allied subjects.
• To give the rights of practicing to registered medical practitioners enrolled by
the board as qualified physician.
• To improve public health.
• To establish, organize, finance and maintain dispensaries, hospitals, research
institutes etc. of alternative systems of medicine.
• To work for the eradication and prevention of diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis,
Cancer through all streams of medicine.
Advantages of alternative system of medicine:
 • It is natural and non -invasive methods to promote healing.
• Alternative medicine focuses on treating your entire well-being, not just one
part.
• Alternative practices focus on stimulating the body’s ability to heal itself via
energy alignment, herbal supplementation, and other balancing techniques.
• Alternative and complementary therapies are useful in boosting immune
system.

Disadvantages of alternative system of medicine:

• No scientific basis at all

• Delay proper treatment such as cancer
• Not reliable information.
• Not covered by insurance.

Reason to use the alternative therapy

• Reduce the side effect of treatment.

• Reduce the side effect of disease.
• Less expensive.
• Philosophical or cultural orientation.
• Desire to treat the disease in natural way.
• Improve the immune system.
• Improve the quality of life.

MAIN TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

▪ AYURVEDA:

INTRODUCTION-
Ayurveda is comprehensive system of medicine, originates in ancient India. The term
Ayurveda is derived from the Sanskrit word Ayur (life) and Veda (science or
knowledge). Thus, Ayurveda translates to knowledge of life. Based on the idea that
disease is due to an imbalance or stress in a person’s consciousness, Ayurveda
encourages certain lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance
between the body, mind, spirit, and the environment.
ORIGIN:
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine in India. Its documentation dates to veda
(5000B.C.)
The word “Ayurveda (Ayurveda) implies THE SCIENCE OF LIFE. Ayurveda is
the oldest Medical system of medicine.

DEFINITION:
Ayurveda is a science dealing not only with treatment of some disease but is a
complete way of life.

PRINCIPLES:
Ayurveda believes that the entire universe is composed of five elements: Vayu (air),
Jala (water), Akash (space or ether), Prithvi (earth) and Teja (fire). According to
Ayurveda, health is a state of balance between mind, body, and environment.

There are three types of Dosha:

a. Vata: Vayu + Akash= respiration and mobility

b. Pitta: Agni=digestion and metabolism

c. Kapha: Prithvi + ape =lubrication and metabolism

Clinical application:

A. Anaemia
B. Cancer
C. Cold and cough
D. Asthma
E. Back ache
F. Arthritis

It mainly deals with problems related to nervous system, respiratory system,

gastrointestinal tract, integumentary system, musculoskeletal system. Some of the
Vedas even treat cancer, AIDS.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis of Ayurveda system is done on the basis of history taking and

examination of pulse, urine, faces, tongue, eyes etc.

Treatment:

The treatment in Ayurveda is individualized. It requires not only diagnosis of

disease to prescribes medicine but also study of various factors such as: age and sex,
temperature, sleep and rest, work pattern, diet, metabolic fire. Panchakarma is an
important treatment in ayurveda which includes: massage, steam, vomit, expulsion,
medicated enemas.

YOGA AND NATUROPATHY:

Yoga is science which helps to co-ordinate body and mind more effectively. It
promotes mental, physical, social, spiritual health. It is also helps in prevention and
cure of various psychosomatic disorders, psychic and physical disorders. Yoga and
Naturopathy do not believe in the specific cause of disease and its specific treatment
but take into account the totality of factors responsible for disease such as one’s
unnatural habits in living, thinking, working, sleeping, relaxing, sexual indulgence
etc. The treatment is based on the concept that nature has a solution for our problems
including health. The human body has the ability to perform the most complicated
functions and to cope with various adverse situations.

ORIGIN: Yoga is originated from Veda, oldest India (4000B.C.) and systematically
presented by Patanjali yoga sutra in around 150 B.C.

DEFINITION: Yoga is the journey and destination to the self and naturopathy is to
restore the ability to the self.

BENEFITS:

• All round fitness

• Builds muscle strength
• Betters your bone health
• Increase blood flow
• Drop blood pressure
• Protect spine
 • Weight loss
• Stress relief
• Help in focus
• Boost your immune system
• Helper in deeper sleep
• Inner peace
• Improvement in personal, social behaviour
• Better circulation of oxygenated blood in the body

Naturopathy treatment and therapies are:

Our Naturopathy treatment & therapy are scientifically evaluated and accept
worldwide:

Our Naturopathy Therapies are:

• Acupuncture
• Physiotherapy
• Fasting Therapy
 • Mud Therapy
• Hydrotherapy
• Yoga Therapy

▪ UNANI SYSTEM:

Introduction: The Unani system of medicine has a long and impressive record in
India. It was introduced in India by the Arabs sometime around the eleventh century.

Origin: The Unani system of medicine has its origin in Greece. Although this system
has originated in Greece, but it has been taken to various countries such as Arabia,
Iran, China, and India.
The system is not only therapeutic in nature but also takes care of
preventive and promotive aspects. The treatment is individualized based on the
diagnosis and the underlying causes which are identified by feeling pulse, observation
of urine, stool color of skin etc.
HIPPOCRATIC THEORY OF MEDICINE:
The first fundamental theory of Unani system was established by Greek philosopher
Hippocrates. He believed that body of an individual is composed of four basic
elements, which are together called “Ansari-e-Arba”.

They are
a. Blood
b. Phlegm
c. Yellow bile
d. Black bile

• Blood is hot and moist, phlegm is cold and moist, yellow bile is hot and dry,
black bile is cold and dry.
• As long as humors are in balance, the individual remain healthy. Any
imbalance and disturbance in humors result in disease occurrence.

Clinical Application:

• Skin problems
• Uterine cancer
• Liver problem
• Autoimmune disease

• Dementia
• Insomnia
• Depression
• Other mental disorders
 DIAGNOSIS:

The diagnosis of a disease is done by feeling pulse, observation of urine, stool,

color of skin and gait etc. The treatment comprises of 3 components namely
preventive, promotive and curative.

The treatment comprises 3 components namely:

• Preventive
• Promotive
• Curative

TREATMENT:

All diseases are treated on four lines; namely,

Regimental therapy: The special techniques used in this therapy are massage,
exercise, and steam bath.

Diet therapy: In this therapy alterations in the quality and quantity of patient’s diet
is suggested.

Drugs: Drugs of natural origin are used , maybe from plant, animal or mineral
origin which are available in the form of powder, tablets, syrups and semi solids.

Surgery: Some special surgical methods used in Unani medicine are venesection,
cupping, leeching and diathermy.

For the prevention and promotion of health, other essential components are:-

• Exercise
• Rest and sleep
• Psychic movements
• Sleep
• Wakefulness
• Evacuation
• Retention

▪ SIDDHA: -

INTRODUCTION: Siddha system of medicine in an ancient science, which belongs

to Dravidian culture. It is very useful in maintenance and restoration of good health.
Sidha system accounted for total 4448 disease symptoms and its cure. Thousands of
herbs and minerals were included in Sidha system providing good and easy
management of chronic to degenerative, viral to cardiac disease.
 ORIGIN: Its origin is also traced to mythological sources belonging to the shiva
tradition. According to the tradition, Lord Shiva conveyed the knowledge of medicine
to his wife Parvati. The knowledge were passed from her to Nandi and finally it was
given to Siddhas.

PRINCIPLES OF SIDDHA:

The basic principles of siddha is that there is an intimate link between man and
environment.
The equilibrium of humor is considered health and its disbalance is disease.

Based on principle of Triguna-

Vatta: Is formed by Akash and Vayu. It controls the nervous actions such as
movement, sensation etc.

Pitta: Is formed by fire and water and controls the metabolic activity of the body,
digestion, assimilation, warmth, etc.

Kapha: Is formed by earth and water and controls stability in the body. When
their equilibrium is upsets disease sets in.

ELEMENTS: The Siddha system of medicine sees the individual as a microcosm of

the universe, which is made up of the five natural elements: earth, fire, air, water and
space.

Clinical applications:
 • Allergic reactions
• Diarrhoea
• Fever
• Skin problems
• Liver problem

• Schizophrenia
• Mania
• Toxic psychosis
• Depressive psychosis
• Convulsions

Diagnosis:

The diagnosis of disease involves identifying its cause. Causative factors are
identified by examination of pulse, eyes, color of body, tongue, status of digestive
system, urine and study of voice.

Treatment:

Treatment based on all the diagnostic character of patient. Treatment takes into
account about environment, age, sex, race, habit, diet, appetite, physical and
physiological condition. Sidha system extensively use drug of vegetable source as
well as mineral origin. Use of metal like gold, silver, sulphur, zinc, mica etc. are only
seen in Siddha system of medicine.

Care of women’s health:

 Sidha strongly advocates breast feeding. It believes in food itself in medicine.
Nursing and lactating mothers are advised iron, protein and fiber rich diet to prevent
nutritional disorders. Once in 15 days mothers are advised to take deworming. It also
treats menopausal syndromes especially problem with hormonal imbalance.

▪ HOMEOPATHY:

Homeopathy is a system of medicine created in 1796. Homeopathic remedies are

typically derived from plants, herbs, minerals, or animal products.

THE ORIGIN: Homeopathy has been in practice for 170 years by thousands of
practitioners and there are over 100. It is created in 1796 by German physician,
Samuel. The homeopathy system has its origin in Germany. It is useful for acute and
chronic conditions.

DEFINITION: Homeopathy is highly scientific, logical, safe, quick and extremely

effective method of healing. It offers long lasting to permanent cure, treating the
disease from its roots.

PRINCIPLES OF HOMEOPATHY:

Homeopathy is the system of treatment based on some laws and principles, which
are-

a) The Law of Direction of Cure – The direction of cure states that during curative
process the symptoms disappears in the reverse order of its appearance from above
to downward from more important organs to less important organs.

b) The Law of single remedy - This law directs to choose and administer such a
single remedy, which is most similar to the symptoms complex of sick person at a
time.
c) The law of Minimum dose: The similar remedy selected for a sick should be
prescribed in minimum dose, so that when administered there is no toxic effects on
the body. It just and strengthen the existing defense mechanism of the body. It
does not need to be repeated frequently.

d) The Law of Chronic disease – The theory of chronic disease states that most of
the disease are due to three chronic latent affinities known as psora, syphilis,
sycosis in the human being which normally remain dormant but express their
presence when conductive environment for disease such as irregular living,
constant exposure to unhealthy situations, emotional stress atmospheric influences
etc. overpower the immune system.

CAUSES OF A DISEASE:

• Disturbance in vital force

• Living against nature
• Improper diet
• Day to day stress

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS:

• Diarrhea
• Migraine headache
• Different kind of flu
• Motion sickness
• Anxiety disorder
• Depression
• Post traumatic stress disorder
• Social phobia
• Panic disorder
• Obsessive compulsive disorder
 DIAGNOSIS:

Homeopathic diagnosis lies in holistic approach. The diagnosis of disease involves

identifying its cause. Causative factors are identified by examination of pulse, eyes,
color of body, tongue, status of digestive system, urine. The practitioner considers all
mental, physical, and emotional aspects.

TREATMENT: -

Homeopathy has effective treatment for individuals with chronic disease such as
diabetes, arthritis, bronchial asthma, skin allergy and immune system disorder, mental
disorder and other several disorder. The remedies are prepared from plants, animals,
metal and mineral substance.

SIDE EFFECT:

One of the main aims of homeopathy is to produce no side effect medicine.

Since they are so diluted, homeopathic remedies don’t usually cause adverse effect.
In some cases, however, patients may briefly feel worse after first beginning their
homeopathic treatment.

LIMITATIONS:

A surgical problem which has progressed for beyond its initial stages might not
respond to homeopathy.
Some sudden life-threatening situations like heart attack, paralytic strokes, diabetes
etc. might have to be initially treated with allopathy, till the patient is out of danger.
It is relatively slow acting as compared to the steroids.
The success rate is not 100%.

▪ OTHER ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES:

ACUPUNCTURE AND ACUPRESSURE

ACUPUNCTURE: A acupuncture technique means penetrating the acupoints with

hair thin, sterile, disposable, stainless needles to dissolve the obstructions along the
meridians. The needles may be left in place for a specific length of time.
They may be rotated or mild electric current maybe applied. An occasional tingling or
numbness is experienced, but little to no pain is associated with the treatment.

ACUPRESSURE: Acupressure is similar in practice to acupuncture, but no needles

are involved.

Practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, palms or elbows to apply pressure to

acupoints. This pressure is thought to dissolve any obstructions in the flow of healing
energy and to restore the body to a healthier functioning.

HISTORY: Acupuncture is a component of traditional Chinese medicine that

originated in China over 5000 years ago.
It is based on the belief that living beings have a vital energy, called “qi” that
circulates through twelve invisible energy lines known as meridians on the body.
Acupuncturists insert needles into specific points along meridian lines to influence
the restore balance to the flow of qi.
BENEFITS:

The benefits of acupuncture / acupressure includes:

• Improve the micro circulation

• Relaxation of muscles
• Release of endorphins, serotonin and adrenocorticotropic hormones.
• Activation of B and T lymphocytes • Improvement in the complete blood cell.

HOW ACUPUNCTURE AND ACUPRESSURE WORK

There are numerous theories about how acupuncture and acupressure work. Some
of them are:

• It influences the release of neurotransmitters, substances that transmit nerve

impulses to the brain.
• It stimulates the release of pain.
• It influences the autonomic nervous system.
• It stimulates circulation.
• It influences the electric current of the body.

LIMITATIONS:

Acupuncture is considered a safe therapy when the practitioner has been trained and
uses sterilized needled.

COMPLICATIONS:

The complications of acupuncture and acupressure includes:

➢ Infection
➢ Broken needle
➢ Puncture of an internal organ
➢ Bleeding
➢ Fainting
➢ Seizure

CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Osteoporosis
• Recent fracture or surgery
• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Diabetes
• Person with bleeding disorders
• Thrombocytopenia
 • Skin infection
• Electro acupuncture should avoid in person with a pacemaker, epilepsy or in
pregnancy.

Major Psychiatry Disorder And Relatable Therapies-

• Alcohol abuse: Acupuncture and Herbal therapy
• Alzheimer dementia: Herbal therapy
• Anxiety: Acupressure
• Depression: Acupuncture and Herbal therapy
• Insomnia: Herbal therapy
• Obsessive compulsive disorders: Acupuncture

PET THERAPY:
Pet therapy is a guided interaction between a person and a trained animal. It also
involves the animal’s handler. The purpose of pet therapy is to help someone recover
from or cope with a health problem or mental disorder.

Dogs and cats are most commonly used in pet therapy. However, fish, guinea pigs,
horses, and other animals that meet screening criteria can also be used. The type of
animal chosen depends on the therapeutic goals of a person’s treatment plan.

PHYSIOTHERAPY:

Physiotherapy is one of the allied health professions that, by using mechanical force
and movements (biomechanics or kinesiology), manual therapy, exercise therapy, and
electrotherapy, remediates impairments and promotes mobility and function.
Physical therapy is used to improve a patient’s quality of life through examination,
diagnosis, prognosis, physical intervention, and patient education. Physical therapy
attempts to address the illnesses, or injuries that limit a person’s abilities to move and
perform functional activities in their daily lives.

FASTING THERAPY
Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or
both, for a period of time. The word is derived from the old English, ‘Feastan’ means
to fast, observe, be strict.

In Sanskrit ‘Vrath’ mean ‘determination ’and ‘Upavasa’ means ‘near to God’. A fast
may be total or partial concerning that from which one fasts, and may be prolonged or
intermittent as to the period of fasting. Fasting is an important treatment modality for
health preservation. In fasting, mental preparedness is an essential pre-condition.
Prolonged fasting should be done only under the supervision of a competent
Naturopath.

HYDROTHERAPY:
Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy and also called water cure. Treatment
method under which one of the most essential components of life i.e. water helps in
curing/ countering different types of conditions/ diseases.
 The rationale behind hydrotherapy depends on the many benefits of water itself:
• Many minerals, salts and other herbs/ substances can be dissolved in water easily
to mound the hydrotherapy treatment as per the condition being treated.
• Heat and energy, the most important factors in alternative treatment are easy to
be delivered by water.
• No one is allergic to water; it is hence one of the most neutral forms of delivering
treatment.
• The calming, soothing, distressing and relaxing effects of water whether in form
of sounds, through a bath or a shower etc. are not hidden from anyone.

MUD THERAPY
Mud is an important element of nature. It contains important minerals which have
positive effects on human health. Mud can absorb toxins from the human body and
therefore is very useful in preventing many diseases. It is also known for its healing
properties. It also helps in cooling and relaxing the body as it can hold moisture for a
long time.

Recent studies have shown equal efficacy in the reduction of inflammation by mature
mud-based therapy and NSAID based pharmacological therapies but without side
effects harmful to the gastrointestinal tract. Although thermal mud-balneotherapy is
indicated for many disorders, its most common applications include disturbance of the
muscleskeletal system (injury, lesion, osteoporosis, arthrosis pathologies, joint pain,
even in degenerative forms, and auto-immune diseases not in acute phase). The
complete treatment requires a maximum 12 sessions, can be full-body or partial
(performed only on limited areas like the neck, the back, the upper limbs, the lower
limbs or single limbs or joints).

YOGA THERAPY
Yoga therapy, a modern phenomenon which has been influenced by the ancient
Indian practice of yoga.

• It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is

often used for therapeutic purposes.
• It is used to treat existing mental and physical health issues, but can also be used
as a self-care strategy for prevention and maintenance.
• Both the meditative and the exercise components of yoga have been researched
for specific and non-specific health benefits.
• It has been studied as an intervention for many conditions, including back pain,
stress, and depression.

A Therapy session will most likely include the following components:

• Breathing Exercises (Pranayama): The therapist will guide the client through a
series of breathing exercises ranging from energizing breaths to balancing breaths.
• Physical Postures (Asana): The therapist will teach the client in treatment in
appropriate yoga poses that address problem areas.
• Meditation: Relaxation and mindfulness are the focus of meditation when it is
combined with yoga poses.
• Guided Relaxation: The yoga therapist attempts to calm the body and mind by
providing a guided visualization& relaxation intended to bring inner peace and
relaxed body mind and soul.

Yoga therapy has a strong success rate in the following disease and disorder.

• Musculoskeletal Disorder • Cardiac Rehabilitation

• Cardio Vascular Disorder
• Endocrine disorders
• Digestive Problems
• Gynaecological Disorders
• Lifestyle Disorders

The Role of Chiropractic Care in Mental Health

Chiropractic care plays a vital role in restoring and supporting good mental health.
Chiropractors recognize the connection between the mind and body.

Chiropractic care can: Improve overall mood and well-being

• Reduce stress
• Improve sleep quality
• Reduce anxiety
• Increase energy
• Alleviate symptoms of depression
• Promote relaxation
• Boost mood
Many people separate the mind and the body, but this separation is far from accurate. The
two works in conjunction and the health of one affects the health of the other. All you need
to do to realize this is think about how you feel emotionally when you’ve hurt your back or
have a headache. The reverse is also true. When your mental health is less than optimal, it
can eventually take a toll on your body. Many people experience nagging physical symptoms
and sometimes severe physical disabilities due to untreated mental health issues.
Treating physical health conditions can go a long way in restoring mental health. Dealing
with mental health issues prevents physical issues from arising. Chiropractic care is an
effective treatment for dealing with both sides of this coin, improving physical and mental
health.

▪ How Mental Health Affects the Body

Your mental health affects your body. Caring for your mental health can help you
prevent various health conditions. There are even studies that show that positive
mental health reduces your risk of cardiovascular health problems.

Mental health challenges can also cause poor physical health to develop. Struggling
with a mental health issue can:

• Disrupt sleep
• Cause elevated levels of cortisol, which disrupts your immune system, digestion,
reproductive health, and cardiovascular system
• Cause persistent fatigue

• Contribute to obesity or excessive weight loss

• Makes you less likely to engage in physical activity
• Reduce your motivation to make healthy dietary and other health choices

The most common mental health issues addressed by chiropractic treatment include:

o Anxiety
Chiropractic treatment helps treat anxiety by:

• Releasing tension in the body, especially in the shoulders, neck, face, chest, and
stomach
• Reducing the adverse side effects of an anxiety disorder
• Improving spinal health, which can reduce muscle tension that triggers headaches
and other body pains o Depression

Chiropractic treatment helps depression by:

• Reducing blood pressure, which is often associated with depression

• Improving sleep
• Reducing chronic pain
• Instilling an overall sense of well-being
• Increasing feelings of being in control
• Addressing the issues that might be causing neurological imbalance, which
disrupts endocrine function

o ADHD

Chiropractic treatment helps treat ADHD by:

• Reducing skeletal and muscular imbalances

• Enhancing brain and body communication
• Supporting overall nervous system function
• Alleviating hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity
• Calming the nervous system
• Improving overall well-being and quality of life

Benefits of Including Chiropractic Care in Your Mental Health Regimen

Chiropractic care is natural and non-invasive. It takes a whole-body approach, which

treats the mind and the body. It also takes into account the health of the former on the
latter’s and vice versa.

Chiropractic adjustments are used to treat a variety of conditions. They are used with
massage, stretching, nutrition and fitness counselling, and supplements to improve
health.
The benefits of chiropractic care for treating mental health include:

Relieving Tension
Chiropractic patients enjoy relief from the tension caused by anxiety and depression.
Common tension problems include stiffness, headaches, and lack of mobility.
Improving spinal and musculoskeletal health is one of the best ways to relieve muscle
tension, which leads to improved mental health.

Release of Feel-good Hormones

Spinal adjustments cause the release of feel-good hormones, including oxytocin. This
helps improve overall health and well-being. These hormones improve your mood
and make it easier to deal with stress, improve social bonding, and alleviate pain.

Balancing Mental and Physical Health

Balance is essential in all areas of life. Balancing your mind and body improves your
quality of life, especially when dealing with mental health issues. Correcting spinal
misalignments makes your body function better. You’ll feel more comfortable in your
body, so you’ll be less tempted to “be in your head” too much or to focus too much
on your discomfort. Chiropractors help patients find a balance between their physical
being and their mental being.

Promoting Quality Sleep

Not getting enough quality sleep can be one of the most detrimental factors to good
health. Whether your lack of sleep is caused by stress, anxiety, physical discomfort,
or any other reason, chiropractic treatments can help you sleep better. Treatments
improve sleep patterns, so whether you are struggling to sleep or sleeping too much,
chiropractic care can help.

Improving Mental Clarity

Mental clarity is a problem for people with mental and physical health challenges.
When you’re focused on misery, it’s difficult to think clearly. Sometimes, they
struggle with the inability to focus and brain fog. These problems might be mental,
physical, or both. Chiropractic treatments relieve imbalance and muscle tension.
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT

AYUSH (Indian System of Medicines) Therapeutics for COVID-19: A Living Systematic

Review and Meta-Analysis (First Update)
Anup Thakar 1, Kalpesh Panara 2, Mandip Goyal 3, Ritu Kumari 1, Kim Sungchol 4
ABSTRACT

Background: In India, alternative and complementary therapies (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy [AYUSH] medicines) are extensively utilized in COVID-19
management, and some were investigated clinically. This study assessed the effectiveness of AYUSH
therapeutic on COVID-19 through a living systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Methods: Databases like PubMed; the Cochrane central register of controlled trials; WHO COVID-19
database; the central trial registry-India; Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles and AYUSH
research portal, and preprint repositories were searched till August 1, 2021. Randomized controlled
trials or analytical observational studies were included only. Primary outcomes selected were clinical
improvement, WHO ordinal scale, viral clearance, and mortality, whereas secondary outcomes were
the use of O2 therapy or mechanical ventilator, admission to high dependency unit or emergency unit,
duration of hospitalization, the time to symptom resolution, and adverse events. The risk of bias was
evaluated by Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) and Risk of
Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools; data were synthesized through
RevMan 5.4 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was ranked through the Grading of
Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results: Of 3609 studies retrieved, 17 were included in the systematic review, and 3 AYUSH
therapeutics were meta-analyzed. Meta-analysis suggested that add-on AYUSH-64 likely provides
therapeutic benefits by reducing time to symptom resolution (mean difference [MD] 2.35 days lower
[95% confidence interval, CI; 4.05 lower to 0.65 lower]) and hastening clinical improvement (365
more per 1000 [95% CI; 4 more to 1000 more]) in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. Kabasura
Kudineer adjuvant to standard care is likely to reduce symptom resolution (MD; 1.93 days lower [95%
CI; 2.28 lower to 1.58 lower]) and hospital stay (MD; 4.2 days lower [95% CI; 4.97 lower to 3.43
lower]) in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. Co-administration of Guduchi (Tinospora
cordifolia [Willd.] Miers.) to standard care may reduce the duration of hospitalization (MD; 3.93 days,
lower [95% CI; 8.83 lower to 0.97 higher]) in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, all
three agents seemed safe in adjunct usage to standard care. The certainty of evidence for most
outcomes was moderate to low, primarily due to the high risk of bias or imprecision owing to the small
sample size.

Conclusion: Rational use of integrated or standalone AYUSH interventions in mild-to-moderate

COVID-19 patients is safe and may provide therapeutic benefits. The effect estimates may be changed
with additional evidence in upcoming updates.

Keywords: AYUSH; COVID-19; Indian system of medicine; complementary therapies; systematic

review and meta-analysis.
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Review of health-care services for older population in India and possibility of
incorporating AYUSH in public health system for geriatric care
Pallavi Suresh Mundada 1, Sakshi Sharma 2, Bharti Gupta 2, M M Padhi 1, Aparajit B Dey 3, K
S Dhiman 1

ABSTRACT

Background: In a developing country like India, which has 10.11% population of >60 years age and a
projection of rise of the same by 300% in 2050, health care of elderly is an enormous challenge. The
developed world has evolved many models for elderly care, for example, nursing home care, health
insurance, etc. Indian Government has also taken multiple measures in this direction by initiating
National Policy on Older Persons, 1999, the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens
Act, 2007, the Old Age Pension Scheme, Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana 2017, etc. However, there is a
necessity that, India must rapidly adapt to the complex health related, social and economic challenges
caused by these demographic changes. This may be an opportunity for innovation in the health system
by developing a perspective for healthy and active aging, though it is a major challenge. Health care of
the older people cannot be achieved unless total health, i.e., physical, social, economic, psychological,
and spiritual aspects are addressed.

Objective: The objective is to study current policies regarding geriatric health care in India and to
propose the possibility to develop a model to provide comprehensive and dedicated health-care
services to the older population by integrating conventional and indigenous systems of medicine
dwelling in the country.

Materials and methods: Electronic search in various scientific journals for research and review
articles; electronic along with hand searching of conference proceedings, brochures, government
policy documents, press releases, Ayurveda classical texts, etc., regarding geriatric health care in India
and model health-care facilities in other countries and regarding of AYUSH systems in geriatric health
care in India.

Results: There is an urgent need of adaptation and modification in the National Health System to cater
the actual requirements of the elderly with plans and strategies dedicated to face their health-related
challenges. Adoption of inclusive health-care interventions, can improve health outcomes by making it
more acceptable, accessible, and affordable.

Conclusion: Integration of AYUSH at various levels of health-care delivery system can potentially
contribute to provide unique newer dimensions to the field of geriatric care in India.

Keywords: AYUSH; Aging; Ayurveda; Panchakarma; Rasayana; geriatric; indigenous medicine.

 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy for children and adolescents with
autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Amy Kate Rehn 1, Victoria Rose Caruso 2, Saravana Kumar 3

ABTRACT

Background: and purpose Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience difficulty
with communication, learning, behaviour, and social interactions. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a
growing alternative and complementary therapy for ASD. This review aims to investigate the
effectiveness of AAT for children and adolescents with ASD in the domains of cognitive, social,
emotional, behavioural, and physical.

Methods: A systematic search of databases (Medline, Emcare, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO,
PsycARTICLES, Scopus, ERIC and OTseeker) was conducted in March 2022. Grey literature was
also explored which included searching Trove database and the first 10 pages of Google, as well as
pearling reference lists of included studies. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The methodological quality of the
included studies was assessed using a modified Joanna Briggs Institute Review Form for Randomised
Controlled Trials. A descriptive synthesis was undertaken due to heterogeneity within the evidence
base.

Results: Seven randomised controlled/clinical controlled trials with moderate methodological quality
were included in this review. Overall, participation in AAT identified positive trends in the cognitive,
social, emotional, behavioural, and physical domains. Despite the positive outcomes, implementation
of AAT should be taken with caution as there are currently no standardised frameworks due to
heterogeneity within the intervention protocols and outcome measures.

Conclusion: AAT may have positive effects across a multitude of outcomes in the management of
ASD for children and adolescents. However, the current literature has considerable methodological
concerns which should be addressed by future research.

Keywords: AAI; AAT; ASD; Animal-assisted intervention; Animal-assisted therapy; Autism

spectrum disorder.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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• BHASKARA RAJ D. ELAKKUVANA, DEBR’s MENTAL HEALTH

(PSYCHIATRIC) NURSING; ED-1; PG NO. 40-47

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ILLNESS, ED-11; PG NO. 138-174

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