Module 2

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
• The learners demonstrate understanding in the key concept of angles in a rectangular
coordinate system;
• The learners can measure the coterminal angles of a given angle 𝜃; and
• The learners can give the reference angle of a given angle 𝜃.

UNDERSTANDING ANGLES IN A RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

• Ray – It is a line with single end point that extends infinitely in one direction.
• Angle – It is formed when two rays meet at a common.
• The rays forming the angle are called its sides.
• The point at which the rays meet is called the vertex of the angle.
• The ray on the positive x-axis is called the is called the initial side and the other ray is
called the terminal side.

Angle

Initial Side

Figure 1
• If the terminal side of an angle in standard position coincides with one of the axes such
as 900 , 1800 , 2700 𝑜𝑟 3600 , it is called a quadrant angle.

Coterminal Angles
If the terminal side of the angle rotates in a
counterclockwise direction, we say that the
angle has a positive measurement. As shown in
figure 2, the angle marked 550 is positive since
its terminal side rotates in a counterclockwise
direction. But when it rotates in a clockwise
direction, the same figure, −3050 shows that the
terminal side rotates in a clockwise direction;
thus, it is negative.
In the same figure, the 550 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4150 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
have the same terminal side. We say that they
are coterminal angles.

If two angles in standard position

have the same terminal side, they
are called coterminal angles.
Figure 2

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TRIGONOMETRY AY 2020-2021 July 2020 Ferrer 6
Can you find the other pair of coterminal angles in the figure?
Based on the given examples, a pair of coterminal angles may be positive or negative. To find a
positive angle coterminal with the given angle, add multiples of 3600 . To find a negative
coterminal angle, subtract multiples of 3600 .

Example 1. Find a positive angle coterminal to 550 .

Solution: Add 3600 from the given angle: 550 + 3600 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟎

Example 2. Find a negative angle coterminal to 550 .

Solution: Subtract 3600 from the given angle: 550 − 3600 = −𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟎

Example 3. Find the positive and negative coterminal angles of 300 .

Solution: For positive: 300 + 3600 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
For negative: 300 − 3600 = −𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎

Example 4: Find the two positive angles coterminal to 800 .

Solution: For the first positive coterminal angle add 3600 from the given angle: 800 + 3600 = 𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎
For the Second positive coterminal angle add 3600 from the first coterminal angle:
4400 + 3600 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎

Reference Angle
Another kind of angle associated with an angle
in standard position is the reference angle. If
you draw an angle that measures 150;0 , its
terminal side falls on the second quadrant. The
positive acute angle and the x-axis is called its
reference angle.
In the given example, the reference angle
corresponding to 150;0 is 30;0 . Figure 3

To find the reference angle (in degrees) for a given angle 𝜽

Case 1: If the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 is less than 900 , the answer is the absolute
value of the given 𝜃
|𝜃| < 900
𝑅. 𝐴 = |𝜃|
Example 1: Find the reference angle of 380
Solution: |380 | = 380 , and 380 < 900
𝑹. 𝑨 = 𝟑𝟖𝟎

Example 2: Find the reference angle of −810

Solution: |−810 | = 810 , and 810 < 900
𝑹. 𝑨 = 𝟖𝟏𝟎

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TRIGONOMETRY AY 2020-2021 July 2020 Ferrer 6
Case 2: If the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 is in between 900 and 1800 , subtract the absolute
value of the given angle 𝜃 from 1800 to get the reference angle
900 < |𝜃| < 1800
𝑅. 𝐴. = 1800 − |𝜃|
Example 1: Find the reference angle of 1350
Solution: |1350 | = 1350 , and 1350 is in between 900 and 1800
𝑅. 𝐴. = 1800 − 1350 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Example 2: Find the reference angle of −1200

Solution: |−1200 | = 1200 , and 1200 is in between 900 and 1800
𝑅. 𝐴. = 1800 − 1200 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎

Case 3: If the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 is in between 1800 and 2700 , subtract 1800 from
the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃.
1800 < |𝜃| < 2700
𝑅. 𝐴. = |𝜃| − 1800
Example 1: Find the reference angle of 2150
Solution: |2150 | = 2150 , and 2150 is in between 1800 and 2700
𝑅. 𝐴. = 2150 − 1800 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎

Example 2: Find the reference angle of −2550

Solution: |−2550 | = 2550 , and 2550 is in between 1800 and 2700
𝑅. 𝐴. = 2550 − 1800 = 𝟕𝟓𝟎

Case 4: If the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 is in between 2700 and 3600 , subtract the
absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 from 3600 to get the reference angle
2700 < |𝜃| < 3600
𝑅. 𝐴. = 3600 − |𝜃|

Example 1: Find the reference angle of 3350

Solution: |3350 | = 3350 , and 3350 is in between 2700 and 3600
𝑅. 𝐴. = 3600 − 3350 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎

Example 2: Find the reference angle of −2750

Solution: |−2750 | = 2750 , and 2750 is in between 2700 and 3600
𝑅. 𝐴. = 3600 − 2750 = 𝟖𝟓𝟎

Case 5: If the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 is greater than 3600 , find the lowest positive
coterminal angle of the absolute value of the given angle 𝜃 and then choose the appropriate
computation from case 1 to 4.
Example 1: Find the reference angle of 5000
Solution: |5000 | = 5000 , and 5000 is greater than 3600
𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 5000 − 3600 = 1400

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Semester Revised: Norberto Jr. M.
TRIGONOMETRY AY 2020-2021 July 2020 Ferrer 6
Since 1400 is the lowest positive coterminal angle of 5000 and it is in between 900 and 1800
therefore Case 2 is applicable.
𝑅. 𝐴. = 1800 − 1400 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
Therefore, the reference angle of 5000 is 𝟒𝟎𝟎 .

Example 2: Find the reference angle of −12750

Solution: |−12750 | = 12750 , and 12750 is greater than 3600
𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 12750 − 3600 = 9150
𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 9150 − 3600 = 5550
𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 5550 − 3600 = 1950
Since 1950 is the lowest positive coterminal angle of 12750 and it is in between 1800 and 2700
therefore Case 3 is applicable.
𝑅. 𝐴. = 1950 − 1800 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎
Therefore, the reference angle of −12750 is 𝟏𝟓𝟎 .

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Semester Revised: Norberto Jr. M.
TRIGONOMETRY AY 2020-2021 July 2020 Ferrer 6
 Task Sheets 1:
Name Section
Teacher Date

A. Determine two coterminal angles (one positive and one negative) for each given angle.
Positive Coterminal Negative Coterminal
Given
Angle Angle
1. 48 0

2. 1350
3. 1700
4. −670
5. −1860
6. 4820
7. −5140
8. −7100
9. 5800
10. −6150

B. Find the reference angle corresponding to the given angle.

Given Reference Angle
1. 15 0

2. 370
3. 470
4. 930
5. 1480
6. −3750
7. 2100
8. 4700
9. 5200
10. 1750

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Semester Revised: Norberto Jr. M.
TRIGONOMETRY AY 2020-2021 July 2020 Ferrer 6
References
• Trigonometry by Fe N. Reyes, Rene P. Felix, Felina G. Mapa, Jesusa T. Tangco, 2nd
Edition
• Pre-calculus for Senior High School – STEM Specialized Subject by Winston S. Sirug,
Ph.D.
• Conceptual Math and Beyond (Precalculus) By Brilliant Creation Publishing, Inc
• https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Algebra
• Precalculus Published by the Commission on Higher Education, 2016, Chairperson:
Patricia B. Licuanan, Ph.D.
• Next Century Mathematics Precalculus Phoenix 2016
• Precalculus for Senior High School A Comprehensive Approach by Sirug
• College Algebra and Trigonometry, by Richard N. Aufmann, Vernon C. Barker, Richard
D. Nation 7th ed.

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Semester Revised: Norberto Jr. M.
TRIGONOMETRY AY 2020-2021 July 2020 Ferrer 6