7th Social Studies Study Material-1

SOCIAL STUDIES STUDY MATERIAL CLASS - VII 2023
The Universe and the Earth

Improve Your Learning
I. Answer the following questions.
Question 1. What do you know about the Universe?
Answer:
1. The Universe is a vast space that contains many unimaginable elements.
2. It includes the Sun, Planets, the Milky way Galaxy and all the other Galaxies.
3. Nobody knows how big the Universe is.
4. The range of the Universe is infinite. The Universe is everything we can touch, feel, sense measure or
detect. It includes stars, clouds, light, time and living things etc.
Question 2. What do you mean by natural environment?
Answer:
1. The Natural environment is comprising of (and, water, air, living organisms like plants and animals.
2. It consists of both biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic (land) conditions that exist on the earth.
The biosphere is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water, and air interact with each other to support life.
Question 3. “Natural environment is different from the Man- made” Justify your answer.
Answer: Yes, I agree with the above statement by the following.
1. Natural environment refers to the natural biotic and abiotic components of the environment.
2. They are naturally occurring. For example : Pond, lake, grassland, etc.
3. Our surroundings ‘which are made by the human beings are called man-made environment. For
example : Buildings, factories, parks, roads, bridges, projects, and monuments, etc.
Justify : The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on
Earth. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species. ,
Human environment is developed from the natural environment with the adaptation of human beings to
their surroundings.
Question 4. Prepare any two slogans on the protection of environment.
Answer:
 Go green and eliminate the global warming.
 Save the nature to save the future.
 Save environment, save life.
 Natural environment is everything for healthy life, we should maintain it.
Question 5. Write a list of different plants and animals that depend on each other.
Answer:
1. Plants depend on bees and insects for pollination, while the pollinators need the nectar from the
flowers.
2. After the flowers have been pollinated, they can turn into berries, which are then eaten by animals like
bears, ptarmigan, fox, and the people.
3. Animals breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Plant use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and
exhale oxygen for animals to breathe.
4. Forest and wetlands filter water and provide clean water for plants and animals.
5. Some animals eat plants and animals when plants and animals die, they decompose and provide
nutrients in the soil for plants.
Question 6. Composition of atmosphere is getting changes now. Give reasons.
Answer: Changes in atmosphere :
1. Carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect by trapping the heat radiated
from the earth.
2. When greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere increases due to factory smoke or car fumes, the heat
retained increases the temperature of the earth. This is called global warming.
Presented by J KRUSHNA RAO., S.A.(SS)ZPHS CHAPARA Page 1

3. Rise in temperature on the earth surface causes the snow in coldest parts of the world to melt.
4. As a result the sea level rises, causing floods in the,coastal areas.
Reasons:
1. Deforestation
2. Excessive usage of natural resources.
3. Burning of fossil fuels.
4. Usage of inorganic fertilizers, chemicals, and pesticides.
5. Usage of motor vehicles.
6. Usage of refrigerators and air conditioners etc.
Question 7. Prepare any two slogans on the protection of minerals that are available in the Lithosphere.
Answer:
 R3 – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
 Use the minerals in a planned way.
 Technology should be improved to use the low grade ores profitably.
 Substitute in order to save minerals should be encouraged.
 Save minerals – live in better future.
Wastage in process of mining and processing has to be reduced to minimum.
II. Choose the correct answers.

1. The following is not a component of human environment.
a) Factory b) Religion c) Community d) None of these
Answer: a) Factory
2. Find out the odd one.
a) Plains b) Road c) Valley d) River
Answer: b) Road
3. This is a threat to environment.
a) Growing plants b) Growing crops c) Increasing vehicles d) All
Answer: c) Increasing vehicles
4. Which is the second layer of the interior of the Earth?
a) Mantle b) Inner Core c) Outer Core d) Crust
Answer: a) Mantle
5. Which theory is related to Origin of the Universe?
a) Geocentric b) Heliocentric c) Big Bang d) All the above
Answer: c) Big Bang
III. Match the following.
Group-A Group-B
1. Lithosphere A) Natural domain of water
2. Biosphere B) Air which surrounds the Earth
3. Core C) Narrow zone where land water and air interact
4. Hydrosphere D) Rocky layer of the Earth.
5. Atmosphere E) Deep interior part of the Earth
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Lithosphere D) Rocky layer of the Earth.
2. Biosphere C) Narrow zone where land water and air interact
3. Core E) Deep interior part of the Earth
4. Hydrosphere A) Natural domain of water
5. Atmosphere B) Air which surrounds the Earth
IV. Fill up the following table.
Word Origin (word) and meaning Origin (language)
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Environment
Answer:
Word Origin (word) and meaning Origin (language)
Biosphere Bios – Life – Sphaira-ball Greek
Lithosphere Litho – Stone – Sphaira-ball Greek
Hydrosphere Hydor – Water – Sphaira-ball Greek
Atmosphere Atmos – Vapour – Sphaira-ball Greek
Environment Environer – Neighbourhood French

2nd Lesson. FORESTS
1. A) Mention the types of forests in India.
Answer: For -administrative convenience, the Government of India divided forests into three types. They are :
1. Reserved forests
2. Protected forests
3. Unclassified forests.
B) Into how many types forests are classified?
Answer: Forests are divided into five types based on climate, rainfall and types of soils. They are :
1. Evergreen forests
2. Deciduous forests
3. Thorny forests
4. Mangrove forests
5. Montane forests
Question 2. Describe briefly about the Evergreen forests.
Answer: Evergreen Forests :
1. Evergreen forests are grown in the areas with high rainfall more than 200 cm.
2. Trees in this area are very tall and they contain broad leaves.
3. The trees in these forests remain green throughout the year. _
4. These forests are located in Himalayan region, North-eastern states and Western ghats.
5. Mahogany, Ebony, Rosewood trees etc. are found.
6. Different types of snakes, Lion-tailed macaque and a variety of insects found here.
Question 3. Describe the features of deciduous forests. Explain about flora and fauna of these forests in India.
Answer:
1. The deciduous forest are grown in areas with rainfall between 70 cm and 200 cm.
2. These forests are located in Peninsular plateau.
3. The trees shed their leaves during very dry months to minimise transpiration.
Flora of this region : Teak, Sal, Bamboo, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Neem, Shisham, Khair, Kusum, Arjun
and Mulberry trees are found.
Fauna of this region :
The most common animals are found in this region like, Deers, Hares, Elephants, Tigers, Leopards,
Peacocks, several species of Birds, etc.
Question 4. Explain in detail about the thorn forests in India?
Answer:
1. The thorn forests are found in regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall.
2. Due to the arid climate most of the trees in these forests are sharp, thorny and bushy.
3. This type of vegetation is found in the north-western parts of the country.
4. Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture.
5. The stems are succulent to conserve water.
6. These forests are found in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana.
Question 5.Prepare some slogans on “conservation of forests”.
Answer:
1. Save forests – Save the climate and wild life.
2. Plant a tree – Keeps the flood away.
3. Don’t destroy the greenery and don’t spoil the scenery. Save mother earth.
4. Trees are Green Gold.
5. Save trees now – They will save you in future.
6. Plant a tree – Predict the mother earth.

Question 6.“Forests are essential for us, but yve destroy them.” Respond on this.
Answer: The uses of forests:
1. Forests play a major role in our life.
2. Forests prevent soil erosion and floods.
3. Trees help to regulate the climate of a place.
4. We get more products which are needed to us from forests.
Even though the forests are useful for us, but we destroy them due to following relfeons.
1. The ever-growing human consumption and population is the biggest cause of forest destruction.
2. Along with population increase we need resources, products and services, so we destroy the forest.
3. For the development of our nation for mining, for infrastructure projects, for agriculture purpose there
is no other alternative so we destroy the forests.
Conclusion :Governments will invent alternative resources for the development of our nation without
destroying the forests.
Question 7. List out the resources of the forests used by you in your daily life.
Answer: The following resources are used by ourselves in our daily life from the forests.
1. Notebooks → Wood pulp is used 5. Beedi leaves → Making beedis
2. Furniture → Wood is used 6. Bamboo is used for making fences
3. Medicines → Herbs are used 7. Essential oils → Eucalyptus tree, camphor
4. Food & Fodder → Roots, tubers, bean 8. Fruits → Coconut, pear
sprouts, etc. 9. Cane → Walking sticks, etc.
Question 8. Read about policies of forests and Fill in the following table.
Year Name of the policy Objectives
1894
1950
1952
1980
1988
Answer:
Year Name of the policy Objectives
Meeting needs of local people and after meeting local
1894 The Forest Law
needs maximum revenue collection.
Vana Mahotsav – Create awareness on about saving
1950 Forest Festival
forests, and bad effects of deforestation.
1952 National Forest Policy Should maintain 33% of forest cover.
1) To protect the forest, its flora, fauna and other
diverse ecological component.
1980 Forest Conservation Act
2) To protect the integrity, territory, and individuality
of the forests.,
Taking steps to create massive people’s movement
1988 National Forest Policy with involvement of women to achieve the objectives
and minimise pressure on existing forest.
II. Choose the correct answer.
1. Which forests are green throughout the year?
a) Deciduous forests b) Evergreen forests c) Tidal forests d) Mangrove forests
Answer: b) Evergreen forests

2. Which of the following is not the slogan of conservation of forests?
a) Save the trees save the earth. b) Save nature save future.
c) Greenery for better environment. d) Good food good life.
Answer: d) Good food good life.
3. Which of the following one is not a forest product?
a) Timber b) Honey c) Plums d) Bread
Answer: d) Bread
4. In which year was the National Conservation Policy enacted by the Central government?
a) 1984 b) 1950 c) 1952 d) 1980
Answer: d) 1980
5. Which of the following forests have a variety of snakes and insects?
a) Evergreen forests b) Deciduous forests c) Mangrove forests d) Thorny forests
Answer: a) Evergreen forests
1.
Group-A Group-B
1. Evergreen forests A) Snow Leopard.
2. Deciduous forests B) Variety of fishes.
3. Montane forests C) Lion tailed macaque.
4. Mangrove forests D) Different kinds of deers.
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Evergreen forests C) Lion tailed macaque.
2. Deciduous forests D) Different kinds of deers.
3. Montane forests A) Snow Leopard.
4. Mangrove forests B) Variety of fishes.
2.
Group-A Group-B
1. High rainfall A) Mangrove forest.
2. Little rainfall B) Montane forests.
3. Coastal line C) Evergreen forests.
4. Mountain region D) Thorny forests
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. High rainfall C) Evergreen forests.
2. Little rainfall D) Thorny forests
3. Coastal line A) Mangrove forest.
4. Mountain region B) Montane forests.

3rd Lesson Learning Through Maps
Question 1.How do you identify the direction in the map?
Answer:
 N – North,  N.E – North East,

 E – East,  S.E – South East,
 S – South,  N.W – North West,
 W – West,  S.W – South West.
Generally, maps are prepared showing the North direction on the top of the map. The direction can be
noticed with the help of an arrow on the right top gcorner.
Question 2. Scale in map helps to study a place. Discuss.
Answer:
Scale : It resembles the ratio of corresponding distance in map to actual distance.
Map scale helps us to study a place with the help of verbal scale – 1 cm = 10 kms,
Graphical Scale and Represention function Ex : 1′ = 10,000′
Question 3.What are the items you need to study a physical map?
Answer: We need scale, directions, symbols, and colours are need to study a physical map.
Question 4. Describe the location of India.
Answer: Location of India :
1. India is located in the northern hemisphere.
2. The main land of India extends between latitudes 8°4’to 37° 6′ N and logitudes between 68° 7’to 97°
25° E.
3. The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) passes almost through the middle of the country.
4. Apart from the mainland, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep are also parts of
India.
Question 5.Prepare the list of countries in Asian Continent with the help of Atlas.
Answer:
50 countries are there in Asia.
1) India 2) China 3) Indonesia
4) Japan 5) Srilanka 6) Pakistan
7) Bangladesh 8) Iran 9) Phillippines
10) Vietnam 11) Turkey 12) Thailand ,
13) Taiwan 14) Mynmar 15) South Korea

16) Iraq 17) Afghanistan 18) Saudi Arabia
19) Uzbekistan 20) Malaysia 21) Yemen
22) Nepal 23) Bhutan 24) Brunei
25) Maldives 26) Cyprus 27) Timorleste
28) Bahrian 29) Qatar 30) Armenia
31) Mangolia 32) Georgia 33) Kuwait
34) State of Palestine 35) Oman 36) Singapore
37) Turkmenistan 38) Kyrgyzstan 39) Lebanon
40) Laos 41) Israel 42) Tajikistan
43) UAE 44) Azerbaijan 45) Jordan
46) Combodia 47) Syria 48) Kazakistan
49) North Korea 50) Russia.
Question 6.What are the boundaries of India?

Answer: Boundaries of India are :
1. North – Himalayan Ocean
2. South – Indian Ocean
3. East – Bay of Bengal
4. West – Arabian Sea
Question 7. Prepare the rough grid of India.
Answer:

Question 8.Locate the following in outline map of India.
a) Chennai c) Vijayawada
b) Delhi d) Visakhapatnam
Answer:

1. Find the correct sentence.
a) River Ganga originates in the Himalayas. b) River Cauvery flows in West Bengal.
c) River Krishna drains into Arabian sea. d) River Penna flows in Maharashtra.
Answer: a) River Ganga originates in the Himalayas.
2. India lies in Eastern hemisphere between the longitudes of:
a) 14°27′ to 19°07′ b) 77° to 84°40′ c) 68°07′ to 97°25′ d) 8°4′ to 37°06′
Answer: c) 68°07′ to 97°25′
3. Identify the odd one regarding the location of rivers.
a) Krishna b) Penna c) Brahmaputra d) Cauvery
Answer: c) Brahmaputra
4. a) Kerala is on west coast.
b) Arunachal Pradesh has border with Pakistan.
Note : Answer with the help of above information
a) ‘a’ is true; ‘b’ is false. b) ‘a’ is false; ‘b’ is true c) Both’a’and’b’are false. d) Both are true.
Answer: a) ‘a’ is true; ‘b’ is false.
5. Identify mismatched pair.
a) Chennai-Tamil Nadu b) Bhopal – Gujarat c) Jaipur – Rajasthan d) Thiruvananthapuram – Kerala
Answer: b) Bhopal – Gujarat

4 Delhi Sultanate
Question 1.Write about Bandagan System introduced by lltutmish.
Answer:
1. lltutmish purchased slaves for military service called Bandagan in Persian.
2. The Sultan was confident in this system as these slaves were loyal and completely dependent on their
king.
3. It was continued during Khiljis and Tughlaqs.
4. The heirs of the Bandagans who were loyal to Sultah were appointed as generals and governors.
Question 2.Locate the following in the out line map of India,
i. Delhi ii. Nepal iii. Afghanistan iv. Daulatabad v. Gujarat
Answer:
Question 3.Collect and paste the pictures of any five rulers of the Delhi sultanate on a chart and write about
them in five lines each.
Answer: Five rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.
1. Qutubuddin Aibak
1. Qutubuddin Aibak was a general of Muhammad Ghori.
2. He was incharge of the Ghori territories in the Northern India.
3. After death of Ghori, he became a ruler of an independent kingdom in India.
4. He was the first ruler of Delhi Sultanate.
5. He was the founder of Slave Dynasty in India.
2. Razia Sultana :
1. Razia Sultan was the first Muslim woman, who was involved in the throne of Delhi.
2. She succeeded her father lltutmish and turned into the Sultanate of Delhi.
3. Razia Sultan was very wise, an excellent administrator and brave warrior.
4. Being a profitable ruler Razia Sultan set up legitimate and complete peace in her domain.
5. Each and every single person follows the rules and regulations set up by her.
3. Alauddin Khalji
1. Alauddin Khalji was the successor of Jalaluddin Khalji.
2. He took strong measures to control Mangole invasions and to curb his opponents.
3. He maintained spy system to control the conspiring nobles.
4. He recruited and organised a standing army.
5. He strictly controlled the prices of commodities in the markets.
4. Muhamad bin Tughlaq
1. Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the most learned and yet he was an eccentric ruler.
2. He was proficient in philosophy, mathematics, astronomy etc.
3. He was an excellent warrior and good administrator of innovative measures.
4. He changed his capital from Delhi to Devagiri.
5. He introduced copper coins.
5. Ibrahim Khan Lodi
1. Ibrahim Lodi was an Afghan Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate.
2. He faced a numbers of rebellions.
3. He was a very cruel and high headed ruler who was known for his atrocities.
4. He fought with Rana Sangram. Ibrahim Khan Lodi
5. He was defeated by Babur a Mughal ruler in the Battle of Panipat in 1526 A.D.
Question 4. Write a brief note on administration of the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer: Administration of Sultans :
1. The Sultan authority was supreme in all aspects of administration.
All the powers of political, legal, military and religious powers vested with him.
2. The rule was in accordance with Shariat or the Islamic law.
3. The Sultanate was divided into smaller units ’Iqtas, Shiqs, Parganas and Villages.
4. The centre will not interfere in the affairs of village administration.
5. The heirs of the Bandagans who were loyal to Sultan were appointed as generals and governors.
6. Chahaigani played pivotal role during the period of lltutmish.
Question 5.What is your opinion on introducing copper and brass coinage during the Tughlaqs?
Answer: My opinion is
1. It became difficult for Tughlaq to obtain regular supply of gold and silver for minting coins.
2. Thus, he replaced those coins and started the circulation of copper and brass coins as the token
currency.
3. He asked the people to consider them equal to the value of gold and silver coins.
Question 6. Write about Iqta system.
Answer: Iqta system
1. Delhi Sultanate was divided into Iqtas.
2. The governors of these Iqtas were called Muqtis, the military officers.
3. Muqtis had to maintain law and order in theirallotted Iqtas and had to provide military, revenue
services to Sultan.
4. Revenue collected from their Iqtas was utilised for administrative purpose and maintenance of army.
5. Rank of Muqti was not hereditary.
6. They were often transferred from one Iqta to another Iqta.
Question 7.Write a few words on social and economic life of Delhi sultanate.
Answer: Social Life :
1. The Muslim community had two branches, foreign and local.
2. Foreign origin stood first in the society. ‘
3. They got many privileges and influenced the administration.
4. The Indian Muslims were down graded to the second place.
5. They occupied many jobs like teachers, judges etc. ‘

Economic Life:
1. Agriculture was the main occupation.
2. The tillers had to play 1/3 of their produce as land revenue.
3. Textile industry was the main industry. .
4. Trade was carried in both ways – internal and international.
5. Alauddin Khalji introduced the market reforms. .
6. Grains were stored in government granaries.
7. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was introduced copper and brass coins.
Question 8. Explain the administrative failures of Mohammad-Bin-Tughlaq.
Answer: Failures of Tughlaq :
1. His campaign into Kashmir was a disaster, after which he gave up his plans to invade Transoxiana.
2. The shifting of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad was a spoiled decision.
3. He ordered entire population to move with bed and baggage. Many died during the travel and some
after reaching the destination.
4. The rising of taxes and famine, the Ganga, Yamuna belt led to the wide spread of rebellions.
5. He also, introduced ‘Token’ currency in copper coins and agriculture reforms. These were ill-
calculated experiments which provied a miserable failures of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

1. The Delhi Sultans divided the Empire into …………………..
a) Mandala b) Iqtas c) Nadus d) Valanadus.
Answer: b) Iqtas
2. People started minting coins in their homes during the period of ……………….
a) Alauddin Khalji b) Balban c) Muhammad bin Tuglaq d) Ibrahim Lodi
Answer: c) Muhammad bin Tuglaq
3. Alauddin Khalji was connected to this issue.
a) Branding of horses b) Changing of capital c) Founder of Khilji dynasty d) All the above
Answer: a) Branding of horses
4. Alai Darwaja was constructed by
a) Muhammad bin Tuglaq b) Alauddin Khalji c) Gyasuddin Balban d) Sikindar Lodi.
Answer: b) Alauddin Khalji
5. Iqtas were administered by
a) Muqtis b) Governors c) Wazirs d) Quazis
Answer: a) Muqtis
Group-A Group-B
1. Slave Dynasty a) Bahalul Lodi
2. Tuglaq Dynasty b) Khizr Khan
3. Khalji Dynasty c) Ghiyasuddin
4. Lodi Dynasty d) Qutb’uddin Aibak
5. Sayyad Dynasty e) Jalaluddin
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Slave Dynasty d) Qutb’uddin Aibak
2. Tuglaq Dynasty c) Ghiyasuddin
3. Khalji Dynasty e) Jalaluddin

4. Lodi Dynasty a) Bahalul Lodi
5. Sayyad Dynasty b) Khizr Khan
IV. Identify and write the rulers to the description given below.
Famous Woman ruler
Founder of Slave dynasty
Couplet writer during
Tughluks
Shifting of Capital
Last ruler of Delhi Sultans
The first ruler of Mughal
dynasty
Answer:
Famous Woman ruler Raziya Sultana
Founder of Slave dynasty Qutubuddin Aibak
Couplet writer during Tughluks Amir Khusrau
Shifting of Capital Muhammad – Bin – Tughlaq
Last ruler of Delhi Sultans Ibrahim Lodi
The first ruler of Mughal dynasty Babar

5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom
Question 1. How did the Kakatiyas emerge as independent rulers?
Answer:
1. Early Kakatiyas served as a feudatories to the Rashtrakutas and the Western Chalukya kings.
2. They were holding the posts of village heads called Rattadi and through their military skills became
army chiefs, Samanthas, etc., and gained control over Ammakonda in Telangana.
3. The Kakatiyas emerged as independent rulers after the fall of Western Chalukyas.
Question 2.Explain about the Kakatiya’s Administration.
Answer:
Kakatiya’s Administration :
1. The administration of the kingdom was organised on a military basis.
2. The Kakatiyas divided their territories among a number of military chiefs known as Nayankara.
3. The Nayankara had to maintain a stipulated number of troops for the services of the king.
4. The village administrative divisions were divided into two main classes, the Sthala and the Nadu.
5. The Sthala consisted of a group of villages ranging perhaps from 10 to 60 in number.
6. Nadu formed out of a combination of several Sthalas.
7. The villages were looked after by village officials called Ayagars.
8. The village was the basic unit of administration.
Question 3.Who were Nayankara? Why were they appointed?
Answer:
Nayankara who served as a feudatory to the Kakatiyas obtained grants of lands from the Kakatiya
monarchs to enable them to maintain their status.
“The skilled warriors are called Nayankar.”
They were appointed to collect the taxes and the maintain the army.
These Nayankaras were always loyal to the king or queen.
Question 4.Describe the Kakatiya art and architecture.
Answer:
Art and Architecture of Kakatiyas :
1. The Thousand pillar temple and Ramappa temple were glorious constructions of the Kakatiya dynasty.
2. The iconic Kakatiya Toranam was built by Ganapathi Deva.
3. The scenic Pakhal Lake in Warangal is one of the famous.
4. The Thousand pillar temple has rock cut elephants and the monolithic dolerlte rock Nandi are the main
attractions.
5. Ramappa temple was built with brick.
6. The carvings on them depict flowers, creepers, elephants, gandharvas, dancers, epic stories, etc.
7. Among the statues Yakshini’s and Nagini’s are most attractive.
8. Some of the pillars of that temple produce Saptaswaras.
9. Kakatiya temple architecture shows fantastic smooth carving of black-marble stone.
10. They followed Mandapa, Antaralaya and Garbha griha model with pillar sculptures. This style is called
Thrikuta method.
11. UNESCO recognised this art and architecture as world heritage centres.
Question 5.Read Introduction paragraph “During medieval period …………. art and architecture” comment.
Answer: During the medieval period five important kingdoms are there in South India. Among them Kakatiyas
are very famous.
1. Though they faced so many rampages from other kingdoms the Kakatiya’s did their best to protect

their kingdoms.
2. They put more effort to promote unity among the regions which are under their control.
3. They encouraged local languages with the help of poets and scholars.
4. The protect their own architecture with the construction of temples and arches, etc.
Question 6. Rudrama Devi, Ganapathi Deva, Prola raj II, Mahadev Rudra deva. Following rulers arrange in a
chronological order.
Answer:
Kakatiya Rules:
1. Prola Raju-II : 1115-1157 C.E
2. Maha Deva : 1195-1199 C.E
3. Ganapathi Deva : 1199-1262 C.E
4. Rudramma Devi : 1262-1289 C.E
Question 7.A European traveller visited Rudrama Devi reign. Who was he and which country did he come
from?
Answer: Marco Polo an Italian traveller visited Rudrama devi’s court.
Question 8.Write a short note on the Economic and Social life of people in the Kakatiya reign.
Answer:
Economic Social life of people :
1. Some of the farmers get the land from the king on rent purpose these are called Artha Seeri.
2. The Kakatiyas brought large tracts of forest land under cultivation.
3. For the encouragement of agriculture rulers dug many tanks and constructured reservoirs.
4. During this period trade tax, lllari (house tax), Pullari (forest products), tax upon of flock (Addapatlu
Sunkam) were imposed.
5. The imposed professional tax on artisans.
6. They appointed officials called Sunkadhikavisfor tax collection.
7. The Kakatiya kings gave much importance to foreign trade.
8. They developed Motupalli Port for this purpose.
9. In this period many women members of royal families made land grants.
10. Land, tanks, money, cattle, jewellery, etc., were donated to temple’s, brahmins and others.
Question 9.Which regional dynasties emerged in the south India in Medieval era?
Answer: During the medieval period five important kingdoms emerged in South India.
They are:
1. The Chalukyas of 2. The Yadavas, 4. The Hoyasalas and
Kalyani, 3. The Kakatiyas, 5. The Pandyas.
Question 10.Locate the following places in India map.
a) Godavari river b) Motupalli c) Warangal d) Devagiri
Answer:

1. Founder of the Kakatiya Dynasty was ………….
a) Gundyana b) Recharla Rudra c) Ganapathi deva d) Jayapa
Answer: a) Gundyana
2. The Kakatiyas worshipped the mother goddess ……………..
a) Ammathalli b) Kakati c) Tripurasundari d) Maisamma
Answer: b) Kakati
3. Siva tatava saaram was written by ……………..
a) Mallikharjuna Panditharadya b) Jayapa
c) Palkurki Somanadha d) Nanne Choda
Answer: a) Mallikharjuna Panditharadya
4. In every village some land was kept under king’s possession it was …………….
a) Velipolam b) Rachapolam c) Thotapolam d) All the above
Answer: b) Rachapolam
5. Motupalli inscription was issued by ………………
a) Rudrama Devi b) Rudra Deva c) Prataparudra d) Ganapathi Deva
Answer: d) Ganapathi Deva
Group-A Group-B
1. Basava puranam a) Vidhyanadha
2. Kumara Sambhavam b) Palkurki Somanadha
3. Nrutya Ratnavali c) Nanne Chodudu
4. Pratapa Rudreeyamu d) Tikkana
5. Srimadandhra Mahabharatam e) Jayapa
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Basava puranam b) Palkurki Somanadha
2. Kumara Sambhavam c) Nanne Chodudu
3. Nrutya Ratnavali e) Jayapa
4. Pratapa Rudreeyamu a) Vidhyanadha
5. Srimadandhra Mahabharatam d) Tikkana
IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Ramappa temple is located at ………………… .
2. Vilasa Grant referred to ………………… Nayaka.
3. Rekhapalli lies in the ………………… river basin.
4. Educational institutions Ghatikas were established by ………………… kingdom.
5. Capital of Yadavas ………………… .
Answer:
1. Warangal near Palampet village.
2. Prolaya
3. Sabari
4. Chalukyas of Kalyani
5. Devagiri

6th Lesson Vijayanagara Empire
Question 1.Discuss the conflict between Vijayanagar and Bahaman kingdoms.
Answer:
1. The struggle between Vijayanagara and Sultanate of Madurai lasted for about four decades.
2. The disputes/ conflicts started during the time of son of Bukkaraya -1, Kumarakampana.
3. Kumarakampana destroyed Madurai Sultans and freed people from the Sultan misrule.
4. The dispute arises between Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdom over Raichur Doab, the region
between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.
5. And also over the fertile areas of Krishna – Godavari delta led to this long drawn conflict.
Question 2.Write about the Nayakar system in Vijayanagar kingdom.
Answer: In Vijayanagara empire Nayakas and Amara Nayakas are there.
Nayakas:
1. They were military chiefs usually mentioned law and order in their areas of control.
2. They maintained forests and kept armed supporters.
3. They use to control and expand fertile land and agricultural settlements.
4. They usually submitted to kings.
Amara Nayakas:
1. The Amaranayaka system was a major political innovation of Vijayanagara empire.
2. These Amaranayakas form military commanders, who are given territories to be governed by the Raya.
Question 3. Describe the development of trade and commerce under the Vijayanagar rulers.
Answer:
1. Vijayanagara kingdom was a great center of trade.
2. Inland, Coastal and Overseas trade led to the general prosperity.
3. There were a number of seaports on the Malabar coast, the chief being Cannanore.
4. Commercial contacts with Arabia, Persia, South Africa and Portugal on the West and Burma, Malaya
Peninsula and China on the east flourished.
5. Cotton and Silk, spices, rice iron, saltpeter and sugar were the chief items exported.
6. Vijayanagara kings imported horses, pearls, copper, coral, mercury, China silk and velvet clothes.
7. The art of shipbuilding developed.
Question 4.Read the concept of “Art and Music” in the lesson and compare it with the present.
Answer:
During the Vijayanagara period Carnatic music is famous. But at present due to change the interest of
the people rock and pop music are famous.
At that time Bharata Natyam, Kuchipudi, Yakshaganam, Perni Natyam are famous. But at present
breakdance and disco dance styles are famous.
Question 5.Write about the administration of Sri Krishna Deva Raya.
Answer:
1. Sri Krishna Devaraya was not only a great warrior but also a good administrator.
2. He took the help of his minister Saluva Timmarusu, known as Appaji, in reorganizing the administrative
system.
3. The chief adviser to the king was Prime Minister. ‘
4. Council of Ministers assisted the king in administration.
5. He maintained friendly relations with the foreigners.
6. He respected all religions. He was a great patron of literature and art.
7. He maintained Ashtadiggajas, a great 8 poets in his court.
8. The empire was divided into different administrative units called Mandalas, Nadus, Sthalas and finally into Gramas.

Question 6.Describe the literary services of Sri Krishna Deva Raya.
Answer:
1. Sri Krishna Devaraya was not only a great monarch, soldier and a stateman but was also an
accomplished poet and scholar himself.
2. He was a great patron of literature and art.
3. He was known as Andhra Bhoja.
4. His famous quote was “Desa Bhasalandu Telugu Lessa.”
5. Eight eminent scholars known as “Astadiggajas” were at his royal court.
6. Krishna Devaraya himself authored a telugu work ‘Amuktamalyada’ and Sanskrit works, ‘Jambavathi
Kalyanam’ and ‘Usha Parinayam’.
7. He patronized various writers and poets in his court called ‘Bhuvana Vijayam’.
Question 7.Locate the boundaries of Vijayanagara empire in India map.
Answer:
Question 8.What are the architectural traditions that inspired the architects of Vijayanagar?
Answer:
1. The rulers of Vijayanagara made many innovations in the architectural traditions.
2. They added many new features in the temple architecture.
3. The rulers of Vijayanagara built mandapas or pavilions.
4. Besides there were long and pillared corridors that ran around the shrines.
5. There were two main temples : The Virupaksha temple and’Vithala temple.
6. During the Krishna Devaraya time he built a hall in front of the main shrine to these temples.
7. This hall was decorated with delicately carved pillars.

Question 9.Why did Bahamani kingdom breakup and what was the result?
Answer: The Bahamani kingdom was breakup due to the following reasons :
1. Royal officers were appointed in each province.
2. They were aimed to increase the control of Sultan over the nobles and provinces.
3. Most of the forts were under the control of these officers.
4. Allowances were reduced to the nobles who shirked their responsibility. This was disliked by the
nobles.
5. Muhammad Gawan was very strict and gave punishments to his nobles. This made them to revolt
against Gawan.
6. So, the Deccan nobles organised a plot against Gawan.
7. They induced the Sultan to punish him with death.
8. Muhammad Shah-Ill died in 1482 CE. His successors were weak.
Result:
So the Bahamani kingdom disintegrated into five kingdoms namely :
1. Ahmednagar,
2. Birar,
3. Bidar,
4. Bijapur,
5. Golkonda.
Question 10.Describe the services of Reddy kings to the people.
Answer:
1. The Reddy rulers patronised and protected Hinduism and its institutions.
2. Telugu literature blossomed under the Reddy kings.
3. The administration was carried according to the “Dharmasutras”.
4. One sixth of agricultural surplus was levied as tax.
5. Under the reign of Anapota Reddy, customs-duty and taxes on trade were lifted.
6. Sea trade was carried through the port Motupalli.
7. Celebrating “Vasantosavalu” was revived during the rule of Anavema Reddy.
8. Caste systerp was observed.
II . Choose the correct answer.
1. Sri Krishna Deva Raya belongs to this Vijayanagar dynasty.
a) Saluva b) Thuluva c) Aravedu d) Sangama
Answer: b) Thuluva
2. The kingdom of Vijayanagara was established during the reign of ………….
a) Alauddin Khilji b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq d) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer: b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
3. Rakshasathangadi or Tallikota war broke out in the year.
a) 1563 A.D b) 1564A.D c) 1565 A.D d) 1566 A.D
Answer: c) 1565 A.D
4. Madura Vijayam is a book written by
a) GangaDevi b) Tirumalamma c) Hanumayamma d) Nagalamba
Answer: a) GangaDevi
5. The founder of the Bahamani kingdom was
a) Alauddin Mujahid Shah b) Ahmed Shah c) Alauddin Bahman Shah d)FirozShah
Answer: c) Alauddin Bahman Shah

Group-A Group-B
1. Krishnadevarays a) Chief Minister
2. Muhammad Gawan b) Capital city of Bahamani
3. Vijayanagara empire c) Andhra Bhoja
4. Gulbarga d) Persian
5. Abdul Rajjak e) Tungabhadra
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Krishnadevarays c) Andhra Bhoja
2. Muhammad Gawan a) Chief Minister
3. Vijayanagara empire e) Tungabhadra
4. Gulbarga b) Capital city of Bahamani
5. Abdul Rajjak d) Persian

7th Lesson Mughal Empire
Question 1.Analyze the reasons, why Akbar rose to prominence among the Mughal emperors.
Answer:
1. Akbar proved to be a thoughtful and open-minded leader.
2. His record of unbeaten military campaigns that consolidated Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent is
still unbeaten.
3. He encouraged interreligious dialogue and patronized literature and the arts.
4. He took away all of the laws against non-Muslims, promoted religious tolerance, and established a
strong central government.
These are the reasons behind Akbar rose to prominence amongthe Mughal emperors.
Question 2.Appreciate the work of the Mughals in architecture and sculpture.
Answer:
1. Mughal architecture is a remarkably symmetrical and decorative amalgam of Persian, Turkish, and
Indian architecture.
2. Mughal architecture first developed and flourished during the reign of Akbar. Humayun’s Tomb, the
sandstone mausoleum of Akbar’s father, was built during this period of Mughal architecture.
3. Architecture reached its peak in refinement and attention to detail under Shah Jahan (1628-1658), who
commissioned the famous Taj Mahal.
4. The Mughal sculpture was the amalgamation of both Hindu and Persian styles of Sculptures. …
Some of the masterpieces of the Indo Islamic Sculpture are Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza and Jami
Masjid from the period of Delhi Sultanate and Taj Mahal, Jama Mosque and Red Fort from the Mughal
Era.
Question 3.Explain “why Shivaji’s personality is glorious”
Answer: With the following reasons Sivaji’s personality is glorious.
1. Shivaji is known as one of the greatest organizers in history….
2. An efficient general and military strategist:…
3. A skillful diplomat: …
4. Brave soldier:…
5. An enlightened administrator: …
6. Respect for others faith:…
7. An inspiring leader: …
8. An obedient son:
Question 4.Briefly tell about Shersha Sur.
Answer:
1. Sher Shah was the founder of Sur Dynasty.
2. His original name was Farid.
3. He was the son of Hasan Khan, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar.
4. He was given the title Sher Khan for his bravery under the Afghan Rule of Bihar.
Question 5.Mark the following places in outline map of India.
a) Agra
b) Delhi
c) Punjab
d) Fatehpur Sikri

Answer:
Question 6.Prepare a timeline chart of the Mughal Empire.

Answer:Timeline of the Mughal Dynasty.
Mughal Ruler Period of Rule
1. Babu 1526-1530 CE
2. Humayun 1530 – 1540 CE & 1555 – 1556 CE
3. Akbar 1556-1605 CE
4. Jahangir 1605 -1627 CE
5. Shahryar Mizra (de facto) 1627 -1628 CE
6. Shah Jahan 1628 -1658 CE
7. Aurangzeb 1658- 1707 CE
8. Muhammad Azam Shah (titular) 1707
9. Bahadur Shah -1 1707-1712 CE
10. JahandarShah 1712-1713 CE
11. Farrukhsiyar 1713 -1719 CE
13. Rafi ud-Darajat 1719
14. Shah Jahan II 1719
15. Muhammad Shah 1719 -1748
16. Ahmad Shah Bahadur 1748 -1754
17. Alamgir II 1754 -1759
18. Shah Jahan III (titular) 1759 -1760
19. Shah Alam II 1760 -1806
20. Jahan Shah IV (titular) 1788
21. Akbar II 1806 -1837
22. Bahadur Shah II 1837 -1857

1. The musician we found in Akbar’s court …………….
a) Tansen b) Abul Fazal c) Raja Birbal d) Raja Todarmal
Answer: a) Tansen
a) Akbar b) Humayun c) Shershah d) Jahangir
Answer: c) Shershah
3. IbadatKhana is situated in …………….
a) Fatehpur sikri b) Delhi c) Jahangirabad d) Aurangabad
Answer: a) Fatehpur sikri
4. Identify the miss matched pair:
a) Qutubminar – Flumayun b) Tansen – Rag Dipak.
c) Abul Fhajal – Akbar Nama d) Shivaji – Rayaghar
Answer: a) Qutubminar – Flumayun
5. Contemporary Mughal ruler of Shivaji.
a) Akbar b)Babar c) Jahangir d) Aurangzeb
Answer: d) Aurangzeb
Group-A Group-B
1. Copper Coin a) Shah Jahan
2. Mansabdar b) Autobiography
3. Taj Mahal c) Minister
4. Todarmal d) Dam
5. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri e) Rank
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Copper Coin d) Dam
2. Mansabdar e) Rank
3. Taj Mahal a) Shah Jahan
4. Todarmal c) Minister
5. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri b) Autobiography

8th Lesson Bhakthi – Sufi
Question 1.What are the salient features of Bhakti movement?
Answer: Salient features of Bhakti Movement:
1. Oneness of God.
2. One of the ways to Moksha is Bhakti.
3. Bhakti means to surrender to God.
4. Emphasized equality of all humans.
5. No discrimination of caste, creed, sect.
6. The Bhakti saints travelled to various places to speak about the path of Bhakti and preached in the local
languages.
Question 2.Who is Mira Bai? What was her contribution to the Bhakthi movement?
Answer:
1. Mira Bai was woman saint of the medieval times.
2. Mira became a devotee of Krishna right from her childhood.
3. Mira Bai’s contribution to the Bhakti movement was primarily in her music.
4. She wrote hundreds of songs and initiated a mode of singing the songs a raga.
5. About 200 400 songs are accepted by scholars as being written by Mirabai.
6. Mirabai wrote her songs in Rajasthani and Braj Bhasha languages, and they were translated into Hindi
and Gujarathi.
7. Mirabai’s songs express her love and devotion to Krishna, almost always as Krishna’s wife.
Question 3.What can the present society learn from the bhakthi movement and the sufi movement?
Answer:
1. The songs and the teachings of the Sufi and the Bhaki saints are relevant even today.
2. The two movements brought a new form of religious expression amongst Muslims and Hindus.
3. Worship, or singing bhajans, kirtans or qawwalis, or even repeating the name of God in silence, and
noticed that some of them are moved to tears. Such intense devotion or love of God is the legacy of
various kinds of bhakti and Sufi movements that have evolved even today.
Question 4.Read the topic in page number 46 under the heading ‘Impact of bhakti movement onthe medieval
Indian society’ and comment in your own words.
Answer:Impact of the Bhakti Movement on the Medieval Indian Society :
1. The most important social impact of the Bhakti movement was that the followers of the Bhakti
movement rejected caste discrimination.
2. This movement encouraged religious tolerance.
3. The bhakti saints preached religous tolerance and monotheism
4. A spirit of harmony developed among different sections of the society.
5. It tried to develop humanitarian attitude.
Iitipact of Sufi movement :
1. Sufis travelled all over the country to reach the poor and rural communities.
2. They preached in the local languages.
3. They lived a modest simple life.
Question 5.Who was the founder of Sikhism and what were the main principles of Sikhism?
Answer: Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikh religion.
Main Principles:
1. Truthful living,
2. Serving to humanity,
3. Uphold the values of honesty,
4. Compassion, generosity, humanity, integrity, servi-e and spirituality on a daily basis.

Question 6.Write an essay appreciating the social services rendered by bhakti saints.
Answer:
1. The Bhakti movement empowered the underbelly of Indian society in fundamental ways and also
provided the required impetus for the growth of vernacular literature.
2. This tradition of those deemed “low” singing and writing did not, however, end with
the Bhakti movement comingling into the mainstream. ‘
3. They emphasized the virtues of love and devotion, brotherhood and equality etc. This helped to bring
the two communities nearer.
4. It also helped to harmonise the conflicting interests. The saints of the Bhakti movement rejected the
differences of caste system.
Question 7.Decribe the prominent saints of South India.
Answer: Prominent Saints of South India :
1. Ramanujacharya:
Ramanuja gave a philosophical basis to the teachings of Vaishnavism. His commentaries on the Brahma
Sutras are popularly known as “Sri Bhasya”.
2. Nimbarka :
He was a younger contemporary of Ramanuja, who also rendered great service to the spread of Bhakti
movement.
3. Madhwacharya :
Madhwacharya propagated Dvaita philosophy.
Madhwacharya divides the Universe into two parts.
i) Swatantra (independent being) and
ii) Aswatantra (dependent being).
4. Vallbhacharya :
He advocated a system of pure non-dualism devoid of the concept of Maya.
5. Basaveswara:
He popularised the Veerasaivism. His literary works are named Vachanas.
6. Adi Shankaracharya :
1) He preached Advaita Philosophy.
2) He established four Shakthi Peethas in all the four corners of India.
Question 8.Write about Sufi saints and their teachings.
Answer:
1. The Sufi saints were always in meditation and they led a simple life.
2. They wore woollen clothes.
The main teachings of Sufism are ;
1. There is only one God.
2. All are children of God.
3. Devotional music is one of the ways to move nearer to God.
4. Sufi believes. Wahdat-ul-Wujud means worship for a single God.
5. Fasts and rituals are not essential to reach God.
6. Different religions are different ways to reach God.
1. Who preached the Vishishtadvaitha philosophy?
a) Ramanuja b) Sankaracharya c) Ramananda d) Kabir
Answer: a) Ramanuja
2. Who of the following preached Saguna Bhakti?
a) Mira bai b) Shankara Deva c) Basaveswgra d) All the above
Answer: a) Mira bai

3. Who is the founder of Sikh religion?
a) Gurunanak b) Sankaracharya c) Ramananda d) Akbar
Answer: a) Gurunanak
4. What does it mean “oneness of god”?
a) Only one god b) Belief in one god c) Unity of god d) All the above
Answer: d) All the above
5. In which century did the Bhakti movement begin?
a) 6th CE b) 7th CE c) 8th CE d) 9th CE
th
Answer: c) 8 CE
Group-A Group-B
1. Alvars a) Worshipping god with form
2. Hindu scripture b) Worshiping of Vishnu
3. Saguna Bhakti c) Worship of the divine as formless
4. Nirguna Bhakti d) Nayanars
5. Shaiva e) Ramayana, Bhagavadgita
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Alvars b) Worshiping of Vishnu
2. Hindu scripture e) Ramayana, Bhagavadgita
3. Saguna Bhakti a) Worshipping god with form
4. Nirguna Bhakti c) Worship of the divine as formless
5. Shaiva d) Nayanars

9th Lesson Indian Constitution
Question 1.Why does a democratic country need a constitution? *
Answer:
1. The constitution lays out the important guidelines that govern decision making within the the country.
2. It serves as an asset of rules and principles as the basis by which the country has to be governed.
So a democratic country needs a Constitution.
Question 2.How many fundamental rights are there in our Indian constitution? What are they?
Answer: There are six fundamental rights in our Indian constitution.
i) Right to equality,
ii) Right to freedom,
iii) Right against exploitation,
iv) Right to freedom of religion,
v) Cultural and educational rights, and
vi) Right to constitutional remedies.
Question 3.Give examples for violation of Fundamental Rights.
Answer:
1. Sexual harassment is a violation of Fundamental Right.
2. Meetings on Public roads and road margins is violative of fundamental right.
3. False prosecution.
4. Without submitting the arrested person keep in the prison more than 24 hrs is a violation of
fundamental right,
Question 4.The fundamental duties enhance patriotism. How?
Answer:
1. The major intention behind the adoption of fundamental duties under the constitution of India was to
make citizens ensure that they own some duties to the community in return for fundamental rights.
2. Such duties are not merely needed to uphold unity, integrity, and sovereignty but also to remind the
citizens about their democratic conduct and manners to maintain social harmony as the rights and
duties go hand in hand. ,
Question 5.Appreciate the role of Dr.B.R Ambedkar in the preparation of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
1. The contribution of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in Indian Democracy is not to be forgotten.
2. Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s name will be written in golden letters in the history of India as a creator of
social justice.
3. He spent his whole life for the betterment of the poor, exploited, untouchables and troubled classes.
4. Baba Saheb gave shape to social aspect without exploitation.
5. Thus, Dr. Ambedkar’s contribution to the Indian Constitution is undoubtedly of the highest order.
6. Indeed he deserved to be called the “Father of the Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution”.
Question 6.Write the Fundamental Duties of our Constitution.
Answer: The fundamental duties noted in the Constitution are as follows:
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India –
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National
Anthem;
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;

5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory
to the dignity of women;
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife ‘ and to have
compassion for living creatures;
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation
constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
11. Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be,
ward between the age of six to fourteen years.
Question 7.“India is a sovereign country” comment.
Answer:
1. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign Republic.
2. India is free to conduct her internal and external affairs as she deems desirable.
3. India is no longer under subjugation of any foreign power.
4. As a sovereign state, India is free from any kind or form of foreign interference in its domestic affairs.
So India is a sovereign country.
Question 8.Write the characteristics of a good citizen.
Answer:
1. Obeys the law / Respects authority.
2. Contribute to Society and Community/ Performs Civic Duty.
3. Loves his/her country/Patriotism.
4. Courtesy and respect for the rights of others.
5. Trust worthy and Honesty.
6. Tolerance.
7. Accountability.
8. Moral Courage.
1. The Chairman of Constituent Assembly is …………………
a) Dr.B. R. Ambedkar b) Jawahar Lai Nehru c) Mahatma Gandhiji d) Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad
Answer: d) Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad
2. Find the odd one out.
a) Liberty b) Inequality c) Justice d) Fraternity
Answer: b) Inequality
3. Which Article tells about Right to Education in our Constitution ?
a) 19 b) 20 A c) 21 d) 21 A
Answer: d) 21 A
4. Which of the following is a violation of Fundamental Rights?
a) All are equal before law b) A child below 14 years, working in tea shop
c) A person has a right to follow any religion d) All
Answer: b) A child below 14 years, working in tea shop
5. Which Article tells about Fundamental Duties in our Constitution?
a) 51 b) 51 A c) 21 d) 21 A
Answer: b) 51 A
6. Who proposed the “objective resolution” of the Indian constitutaion.
a) B.R Ambedkar b) Sardhar Vallabh bhai Patel c) Jawaharlal Neheu d) H.C. Mukharjee
Answer: c) Jawaharlal Neheu

III. Matching.
Group-A Group-B
nd
1. 42 Amendment a) Fundamental Rights
2. 44th Amendment b) Fundamental Duties
3. 86th Amendment c) Deletion of Right to Property
4. Part-III d) Right to Education
5. Part – IVA e) Socialist, Secular added to Preamble
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
nd
1. 42 Amendment e) Socialist, Secular added to Preamble
2. 44th Amendment c) Deletion of Right to Property
3. 86th Amendment d) Right to Education
4. Part-III a) Fundamental Rights
5. Part – IVA b) Fundamental Duties

10th Lesson The State Government

Question 1. Differentiate between Local Government and State Government.
Answer:
State Government Local Government
The Government offices, elected officials,
The governments that cover smaller jurisdictions
bureaucrats, laws and government services that
below the state level including village and city.
exist at the state level.
Question 2. What is a Constituency?
Answer: A constituency means the body of citizens eligible to vote for a particular representative.
(OR)
A country is divided into many separate units or areas for the purpose of holding elections.
Each area in which elections are held is known as a constituency. People living in a consti-tuency elect their
own representative from their constituency.
Question 3. How can an MLA become Chief Minister? Explain.
Answer:
1. After the elections, the MLAs belonging to the ruling party will elect their leader who will become the
chief minister.
2. A Chief Minister is an elected head of the government who is selected through a majority in the state
legislative assembly established by the vote of confidence in the legislative assembly, suggested by the
governor of the state who is the appointing authority.
Question 4.Who appoints the Chief Minister and other Ministers?
Answer: The Governor appoints Chief Minister and other Ministers.
Question 5. If you were elected as a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA), what would you do for your
Constituency?
Answer: If I become MLA :
1. First, I will study the problems of my constituency.
2. I will meat the people of my constituency and ask their problems like electricity, drainage and water
facilities, etc.
3. In the time of Assembly session, I will address the problems of my constituency and try to solve them.
Question 6. What will happen if the Governor does not approve the bill?
Answer:
1. A bill that the state legislature has passed can become a law only after the Governor gives assent.
2. Sometimes the Governor can return a bill to the state legislature for reconsideration.
3. After reconsideration, if the state legislature sends it back to the Governor for the second time, the
Governor must assent to it.
Question 7. Name some Departments of the State Government.
Answer:
1. Public works department.
2. The Agriculture Department.
3. The Health Department.
4. The Education Department and so on.

Question 8. Write a note on Lok Adalat.
Answer: Lok Adalts are people’s courts.
1. It is one of the alternative dispute redreslsal mechanisms.
2. It is a forum where cases pending in the court of law are settled amicably.
3. Lok Adalat’s deal only civil, matrimonial and petty offence cases.
4. Lok Adalat’s provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of thesociety.
Question 9.Make a list of functions of the District Collector.
Answer: Functions of District Collector:
1. Collection of land revenue.
2. Maintenance of land records, land reforms, consolidation of holding, etc.
3. Distribution of agricultural loans.
4. Collection of income tax dues, excise duties irrigation dues, etc.
5. Disaster management during natural calamities such as floods, famines or epidemics, etc.
Question 10. Locate the Assembly constituencies on the outline map of AP.
Answer:
District Constituencies
1. Srikakulam 10
2. Vizianagaram 9
3. Visakhapatnam 15
4. East Godavari 19
5. West Godavari 15
6. Krishna 16
7. Guntur 17
8. Prakasam 12
9. Nellore 10
10. Kadapa 10
11. Kurnool 14

12. Anantapur 14
13. Chittoor 14
Total 175
Question 11.Appreciate the role of the District Collector in the development of a district.
Answer:
1. The District Collector is the head of the district administration.
2. He/She is selected through UPSC, and allotted to states, by the Central Government.
3. He has to take responsibility of various departments like Revenue, law & order, local self-government,
agriculture, disaster management and Election Officer, etc. He is the First-class Magistrate at district
Level.
Question 12.Why is it necessary to elect a representative? Discuss.
Answer: Now-a-days most of the countries followed democracy.
1. Due to vast areas and more population each and every country adopted representative democracy,
means indirect democracy.
2. In this part instead of people, people’s representatives participated in law making, interact with
constituents and decisions are taken by representives only.
So to elect the representatives is necessary.
1. The word State Government refers to
A) Government Departments in the States B) Legislative Assembly
C) Legislative Council D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
2. How many states are there in India?
A) 29 B) 28 C) 27 D) 26
Answer: B) 28
3. The real powers in administration in the state government are exercised by
A) Speaker B) Governor C) Chief Minister D) All of the above
Answer: C) Chief Minister
4. Who becomes the Chief Minister?
A) Leader of the Opposition Party B) Leader of the Majority Party
C) Member of Legislative Assembly D) Speaker
Answer: B) Leader of the Majority Party
Group-A Group-B
1. Chief Minister i) Legislative Assembly
2. Governor ii) Legislative Council
3. M.L.A iii) Head of the state
4. M.L.C iv) Head of the Govt.
5. Collector v) District Magistrate
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Chief Minister iv) Head of the Govt.
2. Governor iii) Head of the state
3. M.L.A i) Legislative Assembly
4. M.L.C ii) Legislative Council

5. Collector v) District Magistrate
11th Lesson Road Safety Education

1. Prepare slogans to create awareness on the prevention of road accidents.
Answer:
1. Little attention on road leads you risk free journey.
2. Stop – Look – Go while you cross the road.
3. Drive with carefulness because you life is priceless.
4. Line and signs on the road are the symbols of your safety.
5. Respect the road rules – Be a responsible citizen.
Question 2.If you are a traffic officer, which steps would you like to suggest to the students to reach the school
safely?
Answer:
1. I would create indepth awareness about the rules to be followed on road.
2. Ask the school staff to conduct a mock road usage like Kerb drill.
3. I will ask the students to follow the basic rules like
a) Always walk on footpath.
b) Cross the road at Zebra Crossing only.
c) If Zebra Cross is not available, find safe place to cross, look first at right, then left, if everything is
clear – cross the road safety.
d) Start early to reach your destination in time and avoid hurriedness on road.
e) Follow the traffic signs strictly. Use hand signs wherever necessary.
f) Give adequate space to heavy vehicles and never overtake them.
Question 3.What are the traffic rules you need to follow while using road?
Answer: Rules for pedestrians :
1. Use footpath to walk on road. Else walk on left side margin.
2. Cross the road only at Zebra Crossing. If it is not available follow Kerb drill.
3. Be cautious at signal lights and move accordingly.
4. Don’t go for triple ride on cycle or motor cycle.
5. Avoid using phones on road and listening to music.
6. Don’t play on road and let pet animals on road.
7. Use torch and reflectors during night time
8. Don’t overtake vehicles from left.
9. Don’t ride close to heavy vehicles.
10. Don’t accept gifts from strangers.
Question 4.What are the duties of a traffic police?
Answer:
1. Traffic police is the person who assigned the duties of regulating, the traffic and guide the public for
safe travel on road.
2. Inculcate awareness on road usage among public.
3. Regulate the flow of traffic.
4. Alert the people regularly to avoid road accidents.
5. Make arrangements for emergency medical help to the victim of road accidents.

6. Accord penalties to the road users who violate road safety rules.
Question 5.Give suggestions to prevent road accidents.

Answer:
1. Follow the road rules and traffic signs compulsorly.
2. Use vehicles as per speed limits on road.
3. Always ride the vehicles in controllable speed.
4. Use helmet, seat belts.
5. Avoid using mobile phone on road and listening music.
6. Inculcate awareness on road usage measures from school life.
7. Do not rush on roads.
8. Do not play and let animals on road.
9. Do not chase or overtake the power driven vehicles.
10. Driving licence is mandatory for power driven vehicles..
11. Trauma care must be available on high ways.

1. Which of the following colour lights indicate stop before line?
A) Orange B) Green C) Red D) Yellow
Answer: C) Red
A) Footpath B) Bridge C) Divider D) Zebra crossing
Answer: B) Bridge
3. Which is a road safety hurdle?
A) Using footpaths by pedestrians B) Following traffic signals
C) Pedestrians crossing the road at zebra crossing D) None
Answer: D) None

Group-A Group-B
1. Footpath a) Road marking sign
2. Red colour light b) Get ready to go
3. Green colour light c) Pedestrians
4. Orange colour light d) Move the vehicle
5. Road divider e) Stop before the line
Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1. Footpath c) Pedestrians
2. Red colour light e) Stop before the line
3. Green colour light d) Move the vehicle
4. Orange colour light b) Get ready to go
5. Road divider a) Road marking sign

12th Lesson Markets Around Us
Question 1.What is a market? Briefly explain different types of markets.
Answer: A market is a place where buyers and sellers interact with each other.
Types of Markets : Depending upon the nature and geographical location, markets can be broadly classified
into two types. They are :
i) Physical Markets and
ii) E- Markets
1) Physical Markets : A Physical market is a place where buyers can physically meet the sellers and purchase
the desired items from them.
Types of Physical Markets :
1. Local market
2. Regional market
3. National market
4. International Market
5. Neighbourhood market
2) E – Market: We can place orders through our mobile phone or a computer device with internet and can buy
a variety of things which we like without stepping out from our home.
Question 2.“Weekly markets are gradually disappearing”. Do you agree with this statement? If so, mention
the reasons.
Answer: Yes. I agree with the statement by the following reasons.
1. Heavy competition from Rythu Bazaars.
2. Weekly market vendors face mass competition from local shops, supermarket like Big Bazars D-Mart, etc.
3. Lack of Formal Credit Access.
4. Lack of space for market, etc.
Question 3.“Festival days increase sales” do you agree, support your answer.
Answer: Yes, I agree with this statement.
1. It’s because, Indian festivals are celebrated in a big way.
2. Every festival has certain rituals to follow and we worship different gods and goddesses.
3. Then, there is a practice of wearing new clothes while offering puja as it’s new, fresh and gives sacred
feeling.
4. Sd, people buy new clothes during festivals.
5. People use to do lots of shopping during festivals to decorate their home, they bring new clothes, sweets
and gifts for their relatives and friends.
Question 4.Prepare a list of goods available in a weekly market and compare them with the goods available in
neighbour markets.
Answer:
Goods available in Weekly Market Goods available in Neightbour markets
1) Vegetables 1) Books
2) Grains 2) Medicines
3) Animals 3) Eatables
4) Forest Products, etc. 4) Groceries
5) Toys & Kids articles, etc.
Weekly Markets: Shops are temporary.
Neighbour Markets : Shops are permanent.
Question 5.What is the aim of Consumer Protection Act 2019?
Answer: It aims to provide timely and effective administration and settlement of consumer dispute in the
digital age.
Question 6.Write any three consumer rights.
Answer: Following are the Rights of consumers.
1) Right to safety : Certain goods may cause serious injuries. These goods are pressure cookers, gas cylinders,
electrical goods, etc. If there is any manufacturing defects in the goods, consumers have right to be protected
against their fatal risk.
2) Right to be informed : A consumer has the right to be informed about the quality, quantity and price of the
product.
3) Right to Choose : The consumer has the right to choose the product of his choice out of the alternative
products available.
4) Right to seek redressal : Consumer have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and
exploitation.
Question 7.Prasad makes a living by selling his two buffalo milk. Can it be called business? If so, what advice
would you give to expand his business on a large scale?
Answer: Yes, it is called a business.
Suggestions to expand the business :
1. He take the loan from the bank for the business.
2. Provide best shelter to cattle and nutritious fodder.
3. Find suitable market and transport facilities.
4. Tie up with diary products, industries, hotels, etc., to increase business opportunity.

1. A person fixed a sum of amount in a National bank and is getting monthly income on it. This income return
is known as.
A) Salary B) Rent C) Interest D) Commission
Answer: C) Interest
2. In which of the following markets are the goods available at cheaper rates.
A) Shopping Mall B) Weekly Markets C) E-Market D) Neighbour Markets
Answer: B) Weekly Markets
3. Which of the following goods has a demand in the International market?
A) Gold B) Jewellery C) Petroleum D) All the above
Answer: D) All the above
4. People who buy goods on large scale are known as.
A) Wholesaler B) Retailer C) Trader D) None
Answer: A) Wholesaler
5. For online shopping we can pay through the following method
A) Net banking B) Credit Card C) Debit card D) All the above
Answer: D) All the above
1. Internet Banking a) Shopping Malls
2. International Market b) Producer
3. Farmer c) Petroleurn
4. Multinational Companies d) Digital Payments
e) Retailer

Answer:
1. Internet Banking d) Digital Payments
2. International Market c) Petroleurn
3. Farmer b) Producer
4. Multinational Companies a) Shopping Malls
IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. ……………… is the return for Land.
2. A person who buys goods and services is known as ………………..
3. The persons who finally sell goods to consumers are known as …………….
4. On which day date we observe National consumers day ………………..
Answer:
1. Rent
2. Consumer
3. Retailer
4. 24th December

13th Lesson Women Change the World
Question 1. In this lesson you learnt about some inspiring women. Write about the accomplishments of any
two women you know.
Answer:
PT USHA :
USHA became the first Indian women to reach the final of an Olympic Event. She is the youngest Indian
Sprinter, at 16, to compete in the Olympics at the 1980 Moscow games and won the first medal of the 1982
Asian Games in track and field.
She received the Arjuna Award and Padma Shri Award.
Bachendri Pal:
Indian Mountaineer who in 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
She was received the Padma Shri Award in 1984,
Question 2. “The stereotypes that men can do anything and woman can only do certain things is an
impediment to women’s progress.” Comment.
Answer:
1. The above statement is not correct. At present stereotype between men and women has been
disappearing.
2. Today women also equally paid and treated along with the men.
3. If opportunities are provide women can do far better than men in various spheres.
Ex : Sunitha Williams, Smt Indira Gandhi.
Question 3. Support the notion that woman have the equal capabilities as men by two examples.
Answer:
1. Enjoy Equal access to education and the opportunity to develop personal ambitions, interests and
talents.
2. Sports : Women also equally participated and achieve their targets.
3. IAS officers etc.
4. Administration at home or outside.
Question 4. Mention the issues you think that we need to fight for women.
Answer: Issues of women, we need to fight
1. Domestic violence
2. Equal pay for equal work
3. Marital law
4. Welfare policies and education etc.
Question 5. “Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting education.” Can you
justify this statement?
Answer: The above statement is not true. There are several reasons behind it.
1. In many parts of the country, especially in rural and poor areas, there are neither proper schools nor
teachers who teach them on a regular basis. ,
2. There is no transport facility.
3. Many families are very poor.
4. They are unable to bear the cost of educating all their children.
5. In such a situation boys get preference and girls are forced to stay indoor.

Question 6.Write some slogans that emphasize the importance of women’s equality.
Answer: Slogan on the importance of women’s equality.
1. A woman’s place is in the house and in the senate.
2. Dignity, respect and justice for all.
3. Equality for all.
4. Rise of the women = rise of the nation.
5. The future is female.
6. Women holdup half the sky.
Question 7.Write about the purpose of ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ campaign.
Answer: The main purpose of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign is to save the girl child, educate the girl
child.
The main aim of Government of India is to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services
intended for girls in India.
The scheme was launched with an initial funding of 100 crore rupees.
It was launched by our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 22nd January 2015.
Question 8.Prepare some slogans on Women Empowerment.
Answer: Best women empowerment slogans.
1. Pink doesn’t mean weak.
2. Make our voices heard.
3. Our consent is important.
4. We are more than someone’s something.
5. Humans first.
6. Education not discrimination.
1. The percentage of working women are engaged in agricultural work as per NSS 61st round (2004-05)
a) 89.6 b) 91.7 c) 83.6 d) 65.2
Answer: c) 83.6
2. ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ campaign was launched in this year.
a) 2012 b)2013 c) 2014 d)2015
Answer: d)2015
3. “International Women’s day” was celebrated on.
a) 15th March b) 7th April c) 8th March d) 11th July
Answer: c) 8th March
4. The first woman scientist to receive the Padma Shri award was
a) Janaki Ammal b) Nandini Harinadh c) Kadambari Ganguli d) Anna Marii
Answer: a) Janaki Ammal
5. The state that banned arrack as a result of the Women’s movement in 1993.
A) Tamil Nadu b) Andhra Pradesh c) Gujarat d) Kerala
Answer: b) Andhra Pradesh
Group-A Group-B
1) Mithali Raj a) Environmentalist
2) Vandana Shiva b) Commando Trainer
3) Seema Rao c) Cricketer
4) Pranjal Patil d) Scientist
5) Nandini Harinath e) I.A.S. Officer

Answer:
Group-A Group-B
1) Mithali Raj c) Cricketer
2) Vandana Shiva a) Environmentalist
3) Seema Rao b) Commando Trainer
4) Pranjal Patil e) I.A.S. Officer
5) Nandini Harinath d) Scientist
***** All the best ****

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SOCIAL STUDIES STUDY MATERIAL CLASS - VII 2023

The Universe and the Earth

Presented by J KRUSHNA RAO., S.A.(SS)ZPHS CHAPARA Page 1

II. Choose the correct answers.

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 N – North,  N.E – North East,

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Question 6.What are the boundaries of India?

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II. Choose the correct answer.

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II. Choose the correct answer.

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Question 6.Prepare a timeline chart of the Mughal Empire.

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10th Lesson The State Government

Improve Your Learning

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11th Lesson Road Safety Education

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Question 5.Give suggestions to prevent road accidents.

II. Choose the correct answers.

III. Match the following.

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II. Choose the correct answers.

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***** All the best ****

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* All the best