PYTHON STRINGS

strings in python are surronded by either single quotation marks, or double quotation marks.

'hello' is the same as "hello"

You can display a string literal with print() function:

In [1]:
print("hello")
print('hello')

hello
hello

Asign string to a variable

Assigning a string to a variable is done with the variable name followed by an equal sign and the string:

In [2]:
A ="hello"
print(A)

hello

Multiline strings
You can assign a multine string to variable by using three quotes:

In [3]:
A = """Here we assigned multiple
strings to a variable A"""
print(A)

Here we assigned multiple

strings to a variable A

In [4]:
A = '''Here we assigned multiple
strings to a variable A'''
print(A)

Here we assigned multiple

strings to a variable A

String are Arrays

like many other programming langauges ,strings in python are arrays of bytes representing unicodes

however,python doesnt have a charcter data type,a single charcter is simply a string with length of 1.

square brrackets can be used to access elements of th string

In [5]:
#getting the first charcter of the string

x="hello world!"
print(x[0])

Loping through a string

since the strings are arrays we can loop through the charcters of string ,with a for loop

In [6]:
x="Bananna"
for i in x:
print(i)

B
a
n
a
n
n
a

string length
To get the length of the string we use "len()" function

In [7]:
x="Bananna"
print(len(x))

Checking a charcter in a string

To check certain charcter or pharse in string we use "in" operator

In [8]:
#if r is present in the x then it will return True
x="if r is present in the x then it will return True"
print("present" in x)

True

Use if statement for the same task

In [9]:
x="orange"
if "r" in x:
print("r is in x ")
else:
print("it is not there")

r is in x

Check if NOT
To check if an charcter or pharse is NOT present in the string ,for this we can use "not in"

In [10]:
#it will return either true or false
x="Besant located at jaynagar,rajajaigar,BTM"
print("peenya" not in x)

True

In [11]:
#performing task using the if conditions
x="Besant located at jaynagar,rajajaigar,BTM"
if "peenya" not in x:
print("Besant doesnt have branch in peenya ")
else:
print("not in there")

Besant doesnt have branch in peenya

SLICING THE STRINGS

You can return a range of charcters by using slice syntax

Specify the start and end index position by separtuing them with a colon to return a part of the string

In [12]:
x="hi Veerendra"
#string[start:end]
print(x[2:7]) #the first charcter has index 0

Veer

Slice from the start

by leaving out the start index ,the range will strat from the first charcter

In [13]:
x="hi Veerendra"
print(x[:4]) #printing charcters from start to index position 5 and it will ignoe the white space

hi V

slice to end
by leaving the end position of the index ,the range will go the end

In [14]:
x="hi Veerendra"
print(x[2:]) #printing the charcters from index 2 to end point

Veerendra

Negative indexing
In [15]:
x="hi Veerendra"
print(x[-5:-3]) #printing from index -5 to -3

en

STRING METHODS
captalize()
converts the string into captal

casefold()
converts string into lower case

center()
Brings the string into center

count()
Returns the number of times specified chscrcter or string repated

startswith()
Returns true if the string starts with specified string

endswith()
Returns true if string ends with specified cahrcter or string

uppper()
converts the string into upper case

lower()
converts the string into lowercase

islower()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are lower case

isupper()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are upper case

isdigit()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are digits

isnumeric()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are numeric

isdecimal()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are decimals

isalnum()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are alphanumeric

isalpha()
Returns true if all charcters in the string are alphabets

format()
Formats specified values in the string

index()
Seraches the string for a specifed vaue and returns the position of where it was found

rindex()
seraches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found

split()
Splits the string at the specified separator and returns a list

rsplit()
Splits the string at the specified separator and returns a list

strip()
Return a trimmed version of the string

rstrip()
Return right trim version of the string

find()
Returns the index position of the specified string

rfind()
seraches

replace()
returns the string where specified value is replaced with specified value

Modify strings
python has built in methods that we can use on strings

casefold()
converts the string into lower case

In [16]:
x="HELLO"
y=x.casefold()
print(y)

hello

Capitalize()
It converts the first letter of the string into upper case

In [17]:
x="hello"
y=x.capitalize()
print(y)

Hello

center()
It will bring the string into center and we need to decalare a value to where you want to put your string and the value should be an integer value

In [18]:
x="Avengers"
print(x.center(30)) #here we gave a value to which poistion you want to place the string however it will bring the string center only

Avengers

count()
This function is used to check a specified string or charcter was repated in given string it will retuen an integer value

In [19]:
x="madam"
print(x.count("m")) #you need to give a argument that you need to check

startswith()
This function will true if given string start with specified string or it will retuen false

In [20]:
x="Banglore is the capital city of karnataka"
print(x.startswith("Banglore"))
print(x.startswith("manglore"))

True
False

endswith()
It is smilar to "startswith()" the only diffrence is it checks at end only

In [22]:
x="Banglore is the capital city of karnataka"
print(x.endswith("karnataka"))
print(x.endswith("manglore"))

True
False

upper()
This function will return the string in upper case

In [ ]:
x="hello"
print(x.upper()) #it does'nt take any arguments

isupper()
it will retuen "True" if all the strings are in uppercase or else it wil retuen false

In [ ]:
x="AVENGERS"
print(x.isupper())

lower()
It will convert the string into lowercase

In [ ]:
x="AVENGERS"
print(x.lower())

islower()
it will return true if all the strings are in lowercase

In [ ]:
x="banglore"
print(x.islower())

isdigit()
It will return true if all strings are digits else false

In [ ]:
x="121212"
print(x.isdigit())

isnumeric()
It will return true if all the strings charcters are numbers

In [ ]:
x="454545"
print(x.isnumeric())

isalpha()
Returns true if all the strings are alphabets else false it will return

In [ ]:
x="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
print(x.isalpha())

isalnum()
it will return true if a string is a combination of numbers and alphabets. else false

In [ ]:
x="187z1a0537"
print(x.isalnum())

isdecimal()
it will return true if strings contain decimal values in it else false it will return

In [ ]:
x="2.36"
print(x.isdecimal())

format()
The format() method formats the specified value(s) and insert them inside the string's placeholder.

The placeholder is defined using curly brackets: {}.

The format() method returns the formatted string.

syntax: string.format(value1, value2...)

In [ ]:
Text = "My name is {0}, I'm {1}".format("John",36)
print(Text)

index()
seraches the string of the specfied value and returns where it was found and it returns the value where it first found and it will ignore remaining

In [ ]:
x="Tony stark is an avenger"
print(x.index("t"))

rindex()
seraches the string of the specfied value and returns where it was found and it returns the value where it last found and it will ignore remaining

In [ ]:
x="Tony stark is an avenger"
print(x.rindex("r"))

split()
Splits the string at the specified separator and returns a list

In [ ]:
x="CIVIL WAR BETWEEN IRONMAN,AND CAPTAINAMERICA"
print(x.split(" "))

rsplit()
it is smilar to the split() the only diffrence is it is mainly used for for rawstring

In [ ]:
x="CIVIL WAR BETWEEN%&IRONMAN,AND CAPTAINAMERICA"
print(x.rsplit(" "))

strip()
It will delete the starting and ending white space and return the string

In [ ]:
x=" hello world" #but it wont remove the midlle white space of the string
print(x.strip())

rstrip()
It will delete the ending white space onlyand return the string

In [ ]:
x=" hello world" #but it wont remove the midlle white space string
print(x.rstrip())

find()
This function will return the index position of the specified string

In [ ]:
x="AVENGERS"
print(x.find("G"))

rfind()
The rfind() method finds the last occurrence of the specified value.

The rfind() method returns -1 if the value is not found.

The rfind() method is almost the same as the rindex()

In [ ]:
x="AVENGERS END GAME"
print(x.rfind("GAME"))

replace()
returns the string where specified value is replaced with pecified value

In [ ]:
x="hello ,world"
print(x.replace("l","i")) #it takes two arguments first one which charcter you want to replace and and second one you want to replace.