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Electronics Circuit Problems 2 Expanded

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smart9oo9le1
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Electronics Circuit Problems and Solutions

## Problem 4: Voltage Divider Circuit

Voltage divider circuits are fundamental in electronics, used for scaling down voltages to desired

levels. Consider a circuit where two resistors (R1 = 10 kOhms and R2 = 20 kOhms) are connected

in series with a 15V DC source. The task is to determine the output voltage across the second

resistor, R2.

For clarity, a voltage divider works based on the principle of proportional voltage sharing,

determined by the resistance values. This problem not only tests basic circuit analysis skills but also

reinforces concepts of current and voltage relationships in resistive networks.

To solve this, remember that the current is the same through series-connected components, and the

voltage across each resistor can be found using Ohm's Law. The challenge is to combine these

principles effectively to find the output voltage.


### Solution

1. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit:

The total resistance (R_total) = R1 + R2 = 10 kOhms + 20 kOhms = 30 kOhms.

This step is crucial as it provides the overall resistance that limits the current flow.

2. Determine the current flowing through the circuit:

Using Ohm's Law, I = Voltage / Total Resistance = 15V / 30 kOhms = 0.0005 A (or 0.5 mA).

The current remains constant across both resistors due to the series connection.

3. Calculate the voltage across R2:

The output voltage (V_out) is given by V_out = I * R2 = 0.0005 A * 20 kOhms.

Substituting the values:

V_out = 0.0005 A * 20000 Ohms = 10V.

This result indicates that the resistor R2 receives two-thirds of the total supply voltage, consistent

with its proportion in the resistance network. This outcome is vital in practical applications like signal

conditioning and voltage level adjustments in circuits.

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