PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT REVIEWER may hear other people’s point of view regarding him/her but

will keep on believing that what he/she thinks of

himself/herself is always the right one.
Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Knowing Oneself –Strengths and Limitations
Self-concept is dynamic. As an individual grows older, he/she
continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal
Self-development is a process of discovering oneself by
his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation.
realizing one's potentials and capabilities that are shaped over
time either by studying in a formal school or through
Sigmund Freud who is a well-known psychologist, neurologist
environmental factors.
and the creator of Psychoanalysis Theory and the father of
psychoanalysis, proposed that there are three components of
CONCEPT OF UNDERSTANDING ONESELF
personality within us: the Id, Ego and Superego that certainly
play a vital role of how we think of ourselves.
Know Thyself
According to the philosophical point of view, “An unexamined
1. ID – Freud explained that man's personality is driven
life is not worth living”, this is one of the famous lines once
by pleasure principle. This means that the nature of
uttered by one of the greatest philosophers of Ancient Greek,
Id is to satisfy man's desire without thinking much of
Socrates.
the situation.
Ex. “You want to go out with your friends! Don’t study!”
Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism which in time has
been used in varied literature and consequently gained
2. EGO – This operates according to reality which
different meanings. One of its meanings is recorded in the
makes it possible for the Id to work in a more proper
Greek encyclopedia of knowledge called “The Suda”.
and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a more
socially accepted means of getting the desires and
( Find who you really are )
wants of a person without getting to hurt others
feelings.
Thomas Hobbes also discussed his own views about the
Ex. “You must study all night or you won’t pass the test”
maxim from which he used the phrase “read thyself” in his
famous work The Leviathan. He stressed that an individual
3. SUPEREGO – Freud believed that this aspect of man
could learn more by studying others and that he/she can do
begins to manifest as a child turns 5. This is the last
this by engaging himself/herself to reading books. However,
component of personality which holds our moral
Hobbes emphasized that a person learns more by studying
judgments or concept of right and wrong that are
oneself.
believed to be acquired from the family and the
environment. This personality is developed as man
Self-concept is one’s abstract and general idea about
learns the culture of distinguishing right from wrong
him/herself particularly toward his/her unique personality and
based on the set of guidelines and standards.
his/her own perception about his/her set of values, point of
Ex. “Study now and after you do well on your test you can
views and behavior.
spend time with friends”
This theory began as Rene Descartes, the Father of Modern
Quarter 1 – Lesson 2:
Philosophy, proposed his theory that a person’s existence
Knowing Oneself –Characteristics, Habits, and Experiences
depends on his/her perception. Rene Descartes stated that
mind is the seat of consciousness.
VOCABULARY
➔ Characteristics – your features or own qualities that
“The Mind is the set of Consciousness.”
made you unique
➔ Habits – are routines of behaviors that are repeated
THE THREE COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT
regularly and tend to occur subconsciously.
1. Self Image – the personal view, or mental picture, that
➔ Experiences – include knowledge and skills that we
we have of ourselves.
acquire in the process of cognitive and practical
2. Ideal Self – the person you want to be
activities.
3. Self Esteem – how we value and perceive ourselves.
➔ Self-Awareness – the ability to focus on yourself and
how your actions, thoughts, or emotions do or don’t
Self-concept is learned. This explains that no individual is born
align with your internal standards.
with self concept. A person will soon develop this as he/she
➔ Self-Esteem – is your evaluation of your own worth. It
grows old.
may be positive or negative. Positive self-esteem is
the valuation that is pleasing and acceptable
Self-concept is organized. This stresses out that one’s
according to your standard and that of others, while
perception towards him/her is firm. This means that a person
 negative self-esteem is the opposite which is feeling emotional, and social abilities in a child so that he or she is
distraught or down and unaccepted by others. capable of facing the demands and challenges of everyday life.
➔ Self Efficacy does not refer to your abilities but rather
to your beliefs about what you can do with your HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
abilities. The process of self-actualization and learning that combines
an individual’s mental, physical, social, emotional, and spiritual
growth..

DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS

● Physical Development
– the changes are preparing you to become physically capable
of biological reproduction.
– rapid body growth
– hair growth
– muscle modification
● Cognitive Development
– the brain continues to develop.
– you are beginning to think from concrete to abstract terms
and able to conceptualize theoretical ideas.
CATEGORIES OF SELF – problems are now being evaluated logically and scientifically.
● Psychosocial Development
Dan McAdam, a psychologist, reiterated that even there are – changes in the emotions, feelings, moods and manner of
many ways on how we reflect to improve ourselves, it brings us thinking.
back to these three (3) categories: – ongoing establishment of strongly-held beliefs, values, and
1. Self as Social Actor goals in life.
● We are portraying different roles and behaving for – during adolescence individuals undergo the process of
every type/set of people in front of us since we all self-evaluation which leads to long-range goal setting,
care about what people think about us. It is practically emotional and social independence,and maturity.
for social acceptance. ● Social Development
2. Self as Motivated Agent – you begin to rely more on your friends or peer groups for
● People act based on their purpose. They do things support than on your family. However, you are more prone to
based on their own dreams, desires, and planned peer pressure.
goals for the future. This, though, is not easily ● Spiritual Development
identifiable since it is self-conceptualized, unless it – you begin to have interest in spiritual concerns. You start
was shared with us. pondering on questions concerning existence, essence,
3. Self as Autobiographical Author spirituality, religion and God.
● He/she as the creator of his/her own entire life story.
It is about how oneself is developed from his/her According to Erik Erikson, adolescence stage of Psychosocial
past, up to the present, and what he/she will become development, also known as “identity vs. role confusion” is the
in the future. stage wherein teens need to develop the sense of self and
personal identity. At this point, teenagers start to have circle of
SIX STEPS ON HOW TO MAKE A RATIONAL DECISION friends in which they build their trust.
1. Define the problem.
2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple ● It occurs during adolescence, from about 12-18 years.
options. ● During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of
3. Weigh the criteria. self and personal identity, through an intense
4. Generare alternatives on each criterion. exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.
5. Change the optimal decision. ● The adolescent mind is essentially a mind or
moratorium, a psychosocial stage between childhood
and adulthood, between the morality learned by the
Quarter 1 – Lesson 2.1: child and the ethics to be developed by the adult.
Developing the whole person- evaluate one’s personality

Holistic Development (Importance & Meaning ) – essentially

means the development of intellectual, mental, physical,
 Quarter 1 – Lesson 2.2: that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done
Thoughts, Feelings, Behaviors successfully and therefore tests a person’ ability.

Thoughts – refers to the ideas or arrangement of ideas that Mental health conditions account for 16% of the global burden
result from thinking or the act of producing thoughts. of disease and injury in people aged 10-19 years.

Feeling – denotes a state of consciousness, such as that BIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES

resulting from emotions, sentiments or desires. – Developmental changes and the onset of puberty as
indicated by growth spurt.
Behavior – refers to the range of actions and mannerism made – Development of body Shape. Physical changes from puberty
by individuals, organisms, or any entities in conjunction with continue.
their environment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
Psychologists Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck introduced the: – the notable psychological challenge that the adolescent
Cognitive Behavior Therapy must cope with is moving from childhood to adulthood. A new
person is emerging, thus, rules will change, and more
Through this therapeutic intervention, an individual can change responsibilities will be placed on him/her, so certain standard
his/her thoughts which leads to a change in his feelings and of behavior is now required to be maintained.
behavior.
SOCIAL CHALLENGES
Disorders that could benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy – Start of strong peer identification
a. Anxiety – The first tentative interest and approach towards the
b. Depression opposite sex usually takes place.
c. Panic Attacks – The awakening of heterosexuality that often disrupts
d. Addictions previous peer groupings and intimate friendships.
e. Eating Disorders – Adolescents spend a significant amount of time in viewing
f. Anger and interacting with electronic devices in the form of TV, radio,
g. Phobias cellphone and computers.

Quarter 1 – Lesson 3: BEHAVIORAL CHALLENGES

Development Tasks and Challenges of Adolescence, – This is the stage when adolescent rebellion starts
Development through the help of significant people – Period of irritability, wide mood swings, and rapidly changing
feelings.

WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? DEVELOPMENT TASKS

– Human development focuses on human growth and changes According to Havighurst, are tasks which arises at or about a
across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, certain period in the life of the individual, successful
intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotion growth. achievement of which leads to happiness and to success with
later tasks, while failure leads to unhappiness and difficulty
ADOLESCENCE is the period of development that begins at with later tasks.
puberty and ends at emerging adulthood.
Developmental Tasks are essential for their emotional growth
Adolescents are individuals in the 10-19 year age group. and increasing maturity. The degree to which parents support
‘Youth’ are individuals in the 15-24 years age group. or thwart this process partly determines how emotionally
‘Young people’ covers the age range from 10-24 years. healthy their children will be.

➔ According to World Health Organization (WHO), it is a

period of life with specific health and development
needs and rights.
➔ It is also a time to develop knowledge and skills, learn
to manage emotions and relationship, and acquire
attributes and abilities that will be important for
enjoying the adolescent years and assuming adult
roles.

Cambridge Dictionary defines, Developmental as relating to the

process of growing or changing into a more advance, larger
and stronger form, while Challenges is defined as something
 ● As you grow older you realize their significant part in
your life and continue to establish close ties among
them.
● Although disagreements are normal part among
siblings, it is important to understand that all of you
have sets of differences.
● Sibling bond is nothing compared with any other
bonds in the world as long as its foundation is
anchored with much love and appreciation.

FRIENDS
● Friends are like extended siblings who came from
different families.
● They give us a sense of belongingness for an
individual would always want to be part of something.
● Friends also teach us the value of love, respect,
understanding, and acceptance. They help us improve
in our social connection, emotional stability, and
inspires our intellectual capacity.
● True friends support only what is good and reject
what is not. They refuse to tolerate unacceptable
behavior and seek to correct your shortcomings.
● Friends bring out the best in a person and they share
mutual interest, hobbies, and aspirations.

TEACHERS
● Teachers are the second parents in school.
Influential People in My Life ● They help you improve your intellectual and emotional
capacity to handle difficult situations in life.
PARENTS ● They guide you to understand the valuable lessons
● Parents are the first people who introduce you to life. about life that would last for a lifetime.
● They provide shelter, protection, and sense of security ● Their influence does not fade because they provide
no matter what happens. exceptional impact towards self-realization and
● The concept of home is formed coupled with love and self-discovery.
much sacrifices that either your mother or father is ● Teachers walk along the progress of the learners; that
willing to give. makes it more memorable and enduring for life.
● When you want to hear honest opinion about the ● Good teachers inspire learners to do better in making
things you need to improve, they would never hesitate decisions.
to tell exactly what needs to be done. ● Being the role model in class, they set example to
● Parents play the largest role in a person’s mental, learners who need much guidance in school.
emotional, physical, and social development.
● They teach you the first valuable lessons in life that COMMUNITY LEADERS
became an integral part of your personality as you ● Community leaders provide network connections and
continue to discover the world. linkages among other parts of the community.
● They get involved with your education and happy to ● They inspire adolescents to get involved with
see you achieve and discover potentials. community services through outreach programs,
● Parents’ advices are far more important than any social activities, and volunteer works.
other people’s advices in terms of making sound ● They model innovation to help improve the
decisions in life. community whom they serve.
● Effective leaders set inspiration to others by setting a
SIBLINGS good example by following the policies that they try to
● Siblings are friends within a family. implement.
● They extend valuable help whenever you are in need ● Using their charisma, they tend to persuade others to
of assistance. follow them; thus, they can generate many programs
● They teach you the concept of socialization, mutual to address the needs of the people.
understanding, and respect. ● Adolescents like you can learn from their
● Like friendship, your relationship with your sister or accomplishments and may get inspired to become
brother requires communication and acceptance. servant-leaders in the future.
 Quarter 1 – Lesson 4: is of great advantage for you to become genuinely responsible
Responsibility and later on be a fulfilled individual.

Self-Development – identify what ways that help one become Ways to Become Capable and Responsible Person in
capable and responsible adolescent prepared for adult life. Preparation for Adult Life

Responsibility – is any moral, legal, or mental obligation or 1. Know your priority

duty that is directly or indirectly entrusted to you by the 2. Have focus
people around from which you are held accountable for 3. Be decisive
whatever consequences or circumstance that may arrive in the 4. Work diligently
future. 5. Don’t count at all
6. Stay humble
8 COMMON RESPONSIBILITIES OF ADOLESCENT 7. Love your duty
8. Dedicate time
1. Show respect to elders.
Paying respect to elders would be one of the most valuable Quarter 1 – Lesson 5:
thing an adolescent can do in the critical stage when kids are Mental Health
still trying to develop good manners. Understanding of Mental Health and Psychological Well being

2. Take care of the younger ones. Mahatma Gandhi- ‘You can’t change how people treat you and
Preparing adolescents to become a responsible adult of the say about you. All you can do is change how you react to it.”
future really starts within the family by merely taking care of
their siblings. It serves as training ground for them to become STRESS - A condition characterized by symptoms of physical
a loving and caring parents in the future. or emotional tension.
- How we react when we feel under pressure or
3. Study well. threatened. It usually happens when we are in a
Studying hard is one’s personal obligation. Parents are only situation that we don’t feel we can manage or control
extending their assistance to their children so that as they take - A reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or
their turn in the society they will find it easy to perform their mental equilibrium. It’s an omnipresent part of our life
role responsibly and live a bright future. - A stressful event can trigger the “fight-or-fight”
response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and
4. Avoid engaging to bad vices. cortisol to surge through the body
One must also distance himself/herself from bad vices and Three Views Of Stress
practices. for these activities mislead him/her from the 1. Focus on the environment : Stress as a stimulus
principles and teachings of his/her parents and/or school and (stressors)
draw him/her away from his/her dreamed success. 2. Reaction to stress : stress as a response (distress)
3. Relationship bet. The person and the environment :
5. Establish a good identity. stress as an interaction (coping)
Living with good identity will help one see all his/her potentials STRESSOR - is an event or situation that causes stress. Just
and love himself/herself more. A lot of people will start to like about anything can be a stressor as long as it is perceived as a
working with him/her and this would mean learning more. danger.

6. Earn the trust of the people around. (Remember: Stress is a response to danger. No danger ... no
Gaining the trust of the people that surround you is the fulfilling stress!)
result of creating your own identity. Having people’s
appreciation is just one of the wonderful effects of being STRESS SYMPTOMS
trustworthy. Lack of concentration Irritability
Nervousness or anxiety Sadness
7. Distinguish good company from bad influence. Increased anger or aggression Tense of aching muscles
It is your level of willpower that helps you concretized your Headache Rapid beating of heart
success. However, your choice of company might hinder your
strong will to become successful so learn to choose your RECOGNIZE SIGNS OF STRESS
company well. Signs of stress in adolescents can show up in a number of
ways:
8. Know yourself better.
Knowing yourself is being able to identify your strongest ● IRRITABILITY AND ANGER
characteristic traits and personality. Obtaining a Stressed-out teens might be more short-tempered or
comprehensive understanding of your abilities and capabilities argumentative than normal.
 ● CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR
A once-active teen now doesn’t want to leave the house.
Sudden changes can be a sign that stress levels are high.

● TROUBLE SLEEPING
A teen might complain of feeling tired all the time, sleep more
than usual or have trouble falling asleep at night.

● NEGLECTING RESPONSIBILITIES
If an adolescent suddenly drops the ball on homework, forgets
obligations or starts procrastinating more than usual, stress
might be a factor.

● EATING CHANGES
Eating too much or too little can both be reactions to stress.

● GETTING SICK MORE OFTEN

Stress often shows up as physical symptoms. Adolescents
who feel stress often report headaches or stomachaches.

WAYS TO COPE WITH STRESS

● Keep a positive attitude.
● Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your
feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming
angry, defensive, or passive.
MENTAL HEALTH - it is a condition of being sound mentally
● Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress better
and emotionally that is characterized by the absence of
when it is fit.
mental illness and by adequate adjustment especially as
● Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.
reflected in feeling comfortable about oneself.
● Learn to manage your time more effectively.
● Make time for hobbies, interests,
and relaxation.
● Get enough rest and sleep. Your body needs time to
recover from stressful events.
● Don't rely on alcohol, drugs, or compulsive behaviors
to reduce stress.
● Seek out social support. Spend enough time with
those you enjoy.
● Seek treatment with a psychologist or other mental
health professional trained in stress management to
learn healthy ways of dealing with the stress in your
life.
10 TIPS FOR MENTAL AND HEALTH WELL-BEING

1. Get enough sleep and rest. Sleep affects our physical and
mental health but can be the first thing you trade in when you
get busy or stressed.
2. Take time out for things you enjoy. Balance in life is by taking steps away from the causes of stress or
important, so taking time out for things you enjoy can make a stressor.
difference to how you think and feel. 2. Acceptance-Action Approach - In this approach, you
acknowledge and accept the fact that stress is
3. Be active and eat well. Your physical and mental health is real, and that stress has good and bad effects on
closely linked, so adding exercise and nutritious food every day a person. Acknowledging and accepting the reality of
can make you feel better. stress and its effects would lead you to take actons to
feel better or to resolve stress and have a healthy life.
4.Nurture relationships and connect with others. Your
connection to others is what builds you up and keeps you Coping/managing stress is important because it will help you
strong. to keep moving amid the daily challenges you are facing. It
will help you live a healthy mind and a healthy being.
5. Learn to manage stress. If you have trouble winding
down or managing thoughts you may find relaxation, yoga or Quarter 1 – Lesson 6:
writing your feelings down helpful. BRAIN PARTS, IT’S PROCESSES & FUNCTIONS

6. Get involved and join in. Being part of a group with Jeffrey Eugenides– Biology gives you a brain. Life turns it into
common interests provides a sense of belonging so find out a mind.
about sporting, music, volunteer or community groups locally.
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body.
7. Build your confidence.Learning improves your mental It is part of the central nervous system including the spinal
fitness and taking on a new challenge can build confidence and cord. Consists of three main parts such as the Cerebrum,
Cerebellum, and Brainstem.
give you a sense of achievement.

8. Be comfortable in your own skin. Everyone is

unique and should be celebrated. Know who you are and
what makes you happy.

9. Set realistic goals and deal with tasks oneat a time. It

is good to be specific when you set a goal to help keep you on
track.

10. Reach out for help when you need it.Everyone needs
support from time to time. Talking to a family member, a
friend, your doctor or one of the many services available
can make all the difference.

COPING WITH STRESS IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE

Coping - refers to mental and behavioral efforts that we use to
deal with problems relating to stress, including its presumed
cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces.”

1. Avoidance Approach- people tend to run away from

the stress by denying the presence of stress and
 cord to regulate balanca, postures, and coordinate
movement like walking.
Brainstem
- located at the lower part of the brain, which leads to
the spinal cord
- connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal
cord. It composes nerve fibers that carry signals to
and from all parts of the body.
- Its functions are for safety and survival such as
breathing, consciousness, heart rate, body
temperature, blood pressure, digestion, and wake
and sleep cycles.

Cerebral Cortex
- outermost layer of the cerebrum
- is responsible for receiving and processing
information also in initiating a response from the
processed information in the brain.
- contains four lobes that share complex relationship to
function.
- The Frontal Lobe is situated at the front part of the
brain which controls memory, emotion, stress
response, speech, decision making, and planning. The
Parietal lobe is situated near the back of the frontal
lobe which regulates sensory perception. The
Temporal Lobe is located at the side of the head
Cerebrum which regulates memory, hearing, and
- the largest part of the brain and on its outermost comprehension. The Occipital Lobe is situated at the
surface area is called the cerebral cortex. back of the head which regulates sight.
- divided into two hemispheres: the right cerebral
hemisphere controls the left side of the body while LATERALIZATION:Function located primarily on one side of
the left cerebral hemisphere controls the right side of the brain
the body.
- The main function of cerebrum is to regulate The LH particularly good at recognizing serial events— events
senses, memory, emotions, intellectual activities, and whose elements occur one after the other— and controlling
body movement like deciding on your career sequences of behavior. The serial functions that are performed
and curriculum exits. by the left hemisphere include verbal activities, such as talking,
understanding the speech of other people, reading, and writing.
● CEREBRUM receives sensory information from
the thalamus. RH specialized for synthesis; it is particularly good at putting
● THALAMUS is connected to all parts of the brain isolated elements together to perceive things as a whole. For
including the cerebral cortex. The thalamus receives example, our ability to draw sketches (especially of three-
information, organizes and then sends information dimensional objects), read maps, and construct complex
to the cerebrum. objects out of smaller elements depends heavily on circuits of
● Hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and neurons that are located in the right hemisphere.
above the brainstem which links the nervous system
with the endocrine system that regulates the digestive
processes and is also responsible for growth and
development.
● The Limbic System composes parts of the cerebral
cortex and hypothalamus, that regulate various types
of emotions that affect blood temperature and blood
pressure facilitated by the hypothalamus like eating
behavior.
Cerebellum
- located below the cerebrum at the back of the head
- Functions directly with the cerebrum to function
information from the sensory system and the spinal
REMEMBER !!
CEREBRUM - has something to do with you ability to think.
LIMBIC SYSTEM - has something to do with you feelings.
BRAINSTEM - has something to do with your behaving to
safely survive .

Quarter 1 – Lesson 7:
Emotional Intelligence

EMOTIONS - adapted from the french word “emouvoir” in 1979,

meaning “to stir up” A world without emotions is a world
devoid of warmth, vitality, and color

HOW CAN YOU IMPROVE YOUR BRAIN FUNCTION FOR EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT? The term Emotional Intelligence (EI) was created by two
researchers – Peter Salovey and John Mayer but was
popularized by Daniel Goleman in his 1995 book Emotional
Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Goleman
discussed that EI is important to be successful in academic,
professional, social, and interpersonal aspects of one's life
and a skill that can be taught and cultivated in schools.

Emotional intelligence is defined as the capacity to be aware

of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle
interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically.
Therefore, it is the key to both personal and professional
success."

For Goleman's EI is the ability to:

1. Recognize, understand, and manage our own
emotions;
2. Recognize, understand and influence the
emotions of others. This means being aware that
emotions can drive our behavior and impact
people either positively or negatively. Then, it is
essential to learn how to manage those emotions
especially when under pressure.
There are five essential elements of emotional intelligence.

● Self-awareness knowing what one is feeling at any

given time and understanding the impact those
moods have on others.
● Self-regulation controlling or redirecting one’s
emotions; anticipating consequences before acting
on impulse.
● Motivation utilizing emotional factors to achieve
goals, enjoy the earning process and persevere in the
face of obstacles.
● Empathy sensing the emotions of others.
● Social skills managing relationships, inspiring others
and inducing desired responses from them

Wheel of Emotions
ROBERT PLUTCHIK - Created the wheel of emotions which
could help us to better understand the various aspects of
emotions.

THE EIGHT BASIC EMOTIONS

● JOY -feeling of happiness.It is synonymous to
gladness, delight, and bliss. Intense forms of
euphoria, elation and ecstasy.
● SADNESS -feeling of being unhappy, gloomy, or lonely.
Its synonyms are grief, sorrow, desolation and
melancholy
● FEAR - feeling of being frightened or anxious. Related
to dread, distress, horror, fright, and terror(strong fear)
● ANGER -being mad, irate or annoyed. A stronger
version is rage fury.
● DISGUST- we feel when something is
wrong,erroneous,or dirty. Its synonyms are revulsion,
antipathy, and aversion. Stronger forms are
abhorrence and hatred.
● TRUST -positive emotion which also means
confidence and belief. Admiration is a stronger form;
acceptance is a weaker kind.
● ANTICIPATION -constitutes looking forward to
something good or positive that one believes will
happen. Related words are hope and expectation.
● SURPRISE -we feel when something we do not expect
happens. It may also mean amazement, disbelief, or
shock.

2 CATEGORIES OF EMOTIONS
POSITIVE EMOTIONS – any feeling where there is a lack of
negativity, such that no pain or discomfort is felt.
Examples: joy anticipation
Contentment trust
Love gratitude
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS – feeling which causes you to be
miserable and sad.
Examples: shame anger
Guilt fear
Grief sadness
MANAGING YOUR EMOTIONS
● EXPRESS
● HIDE

Positive emotion - words, facial expression, actions

Negative emotion - frustration, hitting, kicking, cursing

EPINEPHRINE - hormone released in response to fear, panic,

and other emotions

ADRENALINE - readies the body to respond to threat by

increasing heart rate, and blood flow to the arms and legs.

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS ARE USUALLY HIDDEN OR REPLACED

WITH OTHER EMOTIONS.

WAYS OF HIDING YOUR EMOTIONS

1. Regulation of emotion
- A process through which people modify their
emotional reactions.
2. Suppression or Denying
- Not believing that one is actually feeling the
emotion
3. Avoiding
- Doing activities unrelated to
emotion(drinking alcohol and smoking)
4. Masking
- Replacing negative emotions with positive or
more favorable emotions

SOME WAYS TO MANAGE EMOTIONS

● Evaluate the situation. Put positive spin on things
● Think before you act
● Learn the art of effective communication. Learn to
verbalize instead of expressing them physically.
● Put hings in proper perspective and order. Be sure to
express emotions appropriately
● Practice controlling emotions and expressing
emotional reactions in constructive ways.

★ SA NGALAN NI FATHER STEPHEN HAWKING

MAKAKAPASA TAYONG LAHAT!