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Illumination Technology: EET463

illuminati notes

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21 views27 pages

Illumination Technology: EET463

illuminati notes

Uploaded by

zoofiyaali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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01

Illumination
Technology: EET463
2
3 For Good lighting system:
Adequate illumination of suitable colour on the working surface
Good maintenance
Avoidance of hard shadows
Avoidance of Glare.

Good illuminance ensures increased production, effectively of work


& reduced accidents.
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Factors affecting Lighting:

1. Shadow
2. Glare
3. Reflection
4. Stroboscopic effect
5. Colour Rendering
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1. Shadow
A shadow is a dark (real image) area where light from a light source is blocked by
an opaque object. It occupies all of the three-dimensional volume behind an object
with light in front of it.
Characteristics:
i) It depends on shape of the object. The shadow increases & decreases in
the ratio same as the shape of the object.
ii) It depends on source of light whether it is plane, parallel rays or spherical.
iii) It depends on position of the object whether it is at infinite or finite
directions.
iv) It depends on the position of source of light. If the source of light is kept
closer to the object –the shadow will be smaller & if it is Farther then,
shadow will be longer.
2. Glare
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A Glare is the loss of visual performance or discomfort produced by an


intensity of light in the visual field greater than the intensity of light to
which the eyes are adapted.
Glare occurs when too much light enters your eye and interferes with
your eye’s ability to manage it.
Glare can be distracting and even dangerous and can occur day or night
in a number of ways.
Glare may come directly from a light source or be reflected.
Two types of Glares:
1. Direct / 2.Indirect glare
i) Discomfort Glare : Results in an instinctive desire to look away from
a bright light source or difficulty while seeing a task.
ii) Disability Glare : Caused by inter-reflection of light within the eyeball.
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2. Glare
Factors affecting Lighting:
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2. Glare…
UGR: UGR (Unified Glare Rating) is a method of calculating glare from luminaires,
light through windows and bright light sources.
The UGR rating helps to determine how likely a luminaire is to cause discomfort to
those around it. For example, the discomfort that a LED Panel will cause the
workforce within an office. This classification ranges from 5 to 40, with low numbers
indicating low glare.

UGR ≤ 16 Technical drawing


UGR ≤ 19 Reading, writing, training,
meetings, computer-based work

UGR ≤ 22 Craft and light industries


UGR ≤ 25 Heavy industry
UGR ≤ 28 Railway platforms, foyers
Factors affecting Lighting:

9 2. Glare:

VCP: Visual comfort probability (VCP), also known as Guth


Visual Comfort Probability, is a metric used to rate lighting
scenes.
It is defined as the percentage of people that will find a certain scene
(viewpoint and direction) comfortable with regard to visual glare.
If VCP = 70%, then system is said to be glare fee.
Factors affecting Lighting:

10
3. REFLECTION:
When a ray of light approaches a smooth polished surface
and the light ray bounces back, it is called the reflection of light.
The incident light ray which lands upon the surface is said to be reflected off the
surface. The ray that bounces back is called the reflected ray.
Reflection factor:
The ratio of the total amount of radiation, as of light, reflected by a surface to the total
amount of radiation incident on the surface.
Aluminum polished: 65 – 75
Granite 20 – 25
Marble, polished 30 – 70
Plaster, light 40 – 45
Plywood, rough 25 – 40
Concrete, rough 20 – 30
Brick, red 10 – 15
Paint, white 75 – 85
Factors affecting Lighting:

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4. Stroboscopic Effect:
The Stroboscopic Effect in Fluorescent lamp is a phenomenon which
causes running or moving equipment to appear stationary or appear to be
operating slower than they actually are.
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4. Stroboscopic Effect:
The Stroboscopic Effect in Fluorescent lamp is a phenomenon which
causes running or moving equipment to appear stationary or appear to be
operating slower than they actually are.
It can be eliminated by:
1) Using 3 phase supply for lighting System
2) Using frequency controllers for the supply
3) using Twin tubes

Two lamps are connected parallel to the supply and the lamp is connect in
series with a capacitor or choke. Therefore there exist a phase difference
between 2 currents.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB8zWCAgock
5. Colour Rendering:
13
Color Rendering is expressed as a rating from 0-100 on Color
Rendering Index ( CRI).
How a light source makes the color of an object appear in human eye
and how well the variations in color shades are reveated.
Color Rendering relates to the object appear under a given light
source. This measure is called CRI.
Low CRI- Object color may appear unnatural
High CRI- Object color may appear more natural
Street Lighting- 2.2 ( Sodium Vapor Light)
Office- 62 ( Fluorescent Light)
Residential- 80-90 LED
95 Incandescent Light
80-85 CFL
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/pixar/rendering/rendering1/v/over
view-rendering
5. Colour Rendering:

14
General and Localised Lighting
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The term ‘general lighting’ or ‘ambient lighting’


refers to the background levels of light in a
particular space. In the majority of workspaces the
minimum level of general lighting is determined in
line with best practice guides to ensure safety and
enable everyday visual tasks to be performed
comfortably and efficiently.
Localized lighting systems provide illuminance on
general work areas with a simultaneous reduced
level of illuminance in adjacent areas.
Local lighting systems provide illuminance for
relatively small areas incorporating visual tasks.
Such systems are normally complemented by a
specified level of general lighting. Figure 1
illustrates the typical differences between the
systems described.
General and Localised Lighting
16

‘General lighting’ or ‘uniform lighting’:


Lighting system which provides an approximately
uniform illuminance on the horizontal working
plane over the entire area are called general
lighting systems.
Simple to plan & install
Adv: It permits complete flexibility of task
location
Disadv: Energy is wasted illuminating the whole
area to the level needed only for the most critical
tasks.
General and Localised Lighting
17

Localized lighting systems


It employ an arrangement of luminaries related to
the position of tasks and workstations.
They provide the required service illuminance on
work areas together in a lower level of general
illumination for the space.
Localized systems normally consumes less energy
than general systems.
General and Localised Lighting
18

Local lighting systems provides illumination only


over the small area occupied by the task and its
immediate surroundings.
Also referred as task ambient lighting
It is a very efficient system, particularly when high
standards of task illuminance are required.
It is normally provided by luminaires mounted on
the workstation, providing a very flexible room
layout. Such local units must be positioned
carefully to minimize shadows, veiling reflections
and glare.
19 Fundamentals:
20 Fundamentals / Terms:
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◆ Light:-
◆ Electromagnetic energy
◆ Radiated from a hot body

◆ Luminous Flux:-
◆ The total quantity of light energy emitted
per second
◆ Measured in lumens
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◆ Luminous Intensity:-
◆ Intensity of emission of luminous flux in specific
direction.
◆ Unit=Candela
◆ Illumination:-
◆ Lights falls on any surface, the phenomenon
is called Illumination.
◆ Measured in Lumens/m2
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