i.

Thinking Traits: Makes decisions based on objective analysis, logic, and

consistency, . Logic-Based Decisions, Problem Solving, Detached Analysis, Direct
Communication:, Rule-Based: Impersonal Critique etc.
ii. Feeling Traits: Makes decisions based on personal values, empathy, and the
impact on others which includes Value-Based Decisions, Empathy, Harmony,
Emotionally Considerate Communication, Personal Ethics:
4. Judging (J) - Perceiving (P): Judging individuals prefer structure, organization, and
planning. They like to make decisions and move forward. Perceiving individuals prefer
flexibility, adaptability, and openness to new experiences. They tend to gather more
information before making decisions.
i. Judging traits: Prefers structure, organization, and planned approaches to tasks.
Structured Approach, Goal-Oriented, Decisiveness, Planning Ahead, Preference
for Closure
ii. Perceiving Traits: Prefers flexibility, adaptability, and open-ended approaches to
tasks. Adaptable Approach, Exploratory, Spontaneity, Open to New Experiences
Preference for Open-Endedness
…………………………………………………………………………:

Unit /Module 2
Q.1.What is harmony? Explain the purpose of harmony in the human being?

Harmony: It is usually a human value, referring to compatibility and accord in feelings,

actions, relationships, opinions, interests, etc. It denotes a state of balance among forces
influencing and even opposing one another.i.e. “Harmony is a state of mutual agreement
between different individuals where they live together peacefully without any conflicts.
Purpose of harmony in the human being
1. Share similar views and opinions.:. Harmony is maintained among these groups till the
time people share similar views and opinions. The moment a difference of opinion is
observed, we see rising conflicts leading to the disturbance of the maintained harmony.
2. Peaceful existence of people.: In the present scenario, people’s relations are simply
based on greed and selfish motives. Such kind of behaviour does not contribute to the
peaceful existence of people. Feeling of superiority, ego, jealousy, and intolerance
towards each other are also some factors that disturb the harmonious balance of this
beautiful world.
3. Develop polite behaviour: Maintaining harmony does not cost anything to us. It is what
we speak, express, and show in society among the people. Good words, nice gestures,
and polite behaviour will make us more attractive and acceptable to the society whereas
harsh behaviour, rudeness, and ill-treatment of others will make us apart from the
society.
4. Effective relationships: The best way of maintaining a harmonious relationship among
people is to understand them without being judgemental in the beginning. Many times
our relations do not work because we are so negative and prejudiced about the other
person which restricts us to mingle with that person and develop a healthy bond.

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5. Help to stay together, grow togethor : History has observed that humans have
succeeded in every condition whenever they have lived in unison. The moment they
divided, they faced heavy consequences. So, stay together, grow together and maintain a
harmonious relationship with everyone which will surely benefit you and the society.
6. Living true and deepest sense : when we are in harmony with ourselves--living true to
our deepest sense of what is real and what matters. Persons believe that the amount of
money a person makes is inconsequential. Believe that God wants us to live in abundance
and enjoy the beauty and pleasures of life.
7. Coordinates dissimilar elements: Harmony, the bringing together of dissimilar
elements in a manner that coordinates these as parts of an organic whole, is central to
different aspects of human existence. A basic psychological harmony as well as harmony
between the body and the mind are necessary for people’s ability to live a flourishing
life.
8. Devepop environmental accomplishment: Harmony has a place in everyday
conversation, political discourse, as well as academic scholarship. In most Western
societies, however, it has no such presence. That does not mean that harmony plays no
role in people’s lives and world-views—the unstoppable advance of mindfulness,
meditation, and yoga only goes to show that it does.
……………………………………………………………………
Q.2, Described the coexistence of sentient `I` and material body?

Sentiment I: sentient is the ability to have feelings. It's the capacity for a creature to
experience sensations and emotions .i.e.. Sentience is the capacity to have positive and
negative experiences, such as feeling pain and pleasure. Sentience can only exist in a
creature that is conscious, because to have an experience means to be conscious of
something.
Coexistence of sentient `I` and material body
1. Distinct entities: Human being is the coexistence of two entirely distinct entities,
sentient non-material ‘I’ and the material Body. Their needs and activities are quite
different, but they act in close synergy with each other through flow of information.
2. Supportive concepts: All the needs of ‘I’ can be called as Happiness, while the needs
of body are physical facilities like food, clothing, shelter. Feelings like respect, trust
give happiness. With time physical facilities successively change from necessary self
feelings
3. Appropriate physic-chemical things: Happiness is ensured by having both right
understanding & right feelings, while physical facility is ensured by appropriate physic-
chemical things. One cannot ensure the other.
4. Distance nature: The need of ‘I’ is continuous, while the need of body is for a limited
time, never continuous. Even air is required by the body intermittently. Feeling and its
expression are two different things. We want the continuity of any naturally acceptable
feeling but not the continuity of it’s expression.
5. Qualitative quantitative representation: The needs of ‘I’ are qualitative, while the
needs of body are quantitative & limited. One does not need 5 kg of trust or 2 meterss of
respect. The activities of ‘I’ are- desiring, thinking, selecting, while the activities of
body are- eating, breathing etc.\

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 6. Mode of Interaction: The mode of interaction of ‘I’ includes-knowing, assuming,
recognition and fulfillment, while the mode of interaction of body is only recognizing
and fulfilling. Fulfillment depends on recognition, recognition depends on assumption
and assumption depends on knowing or not knowing (belief).
7. Priority of Needs :The needs of the body like food for nourishment clothes for
protection, and instruments to ensure right utilization can be categorized as being
‘physical’ in nature, whereas the need of I is essential to living in a state of continuous
happiness like trust, respect, happiness, etc..
8. Existence of Time: needs of ‘I’ are continuous in time, unlike the need of the body,
which is temporary in time. We want happiness continuously. We also want the
feeling of respect continuously and so also acceptance in the relationship. We do not
want to be unhappy even for a single moment or lose the feeling of respect for ourselves
for a single moment.
…………………………………………………………………………….

Q.3.Write notes on needs of Self (I) and body?

Self (I): It is the basis of everything we do. All our desires, expectations, thoughts, feelings,
understanding etc. come from the “I”. Studying our “Self” helps us to have more clarity
about ourselves and makes us confident.

Need /purpose advantages of Self (I)

1. Relationships: Relationship with you involves self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-
care, among others. It impacts your mental and emotional health and your bonds with
other people. A healthy relationship with yourself can improve mental health,
connections, and even work productivity.
2. Spirituality: Spirituality can be defined generally as an individual's search for ultimate
or sacred meaning, and purpose in life. Additionally it can mean to seek out or search for
personal growth, religious experience, belief in a supernatural realm or afterlife, or to
make sense of one's own "inner dimension".
3. Personal growth: Personal growth is important in many aspects of life, including your
career. Determining the right personal growth methods for you depends on your
strengths, challenges and goals. Understanding personal growth and how you can
achieve it can help you use your skills efficiently in the workplace and advance
professionally.
4. Creativity: Creativity allows us to view and solve problems more openly and with
innovation. Creativity opens the mind. A society that has lost touch with its creative side
is an imprisoned society, in that generations of people may be closed minded. It broadens
our perspectives and can help us overcome prejudices.
Material body/Human body: his can be done in terms of the chemical elements present,
or by molecular type e.g., water, protein, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones),
carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the
body may be analyzed into water, fat, connective tissue, muscle, bone, etc.
Need /purpose advantages of Human body:
1. Food: If you have a good water supply the next essential need is that of sustenance. A
body that does not have food can survive for quite a long time by subsisting on the fat

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 reserves in the body and, eventually, the glycogen reserves in the liver and the proteins
in the muscles.
2. Shelter: The need for shelter has always been an essential aspect of human survival, as
it provides protection from the elements and other environmental hazards such as wild
animals, extreme weather conditions, and other natural disasters.
3. Safety: Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or
other danger. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to
achieve an acceptable level of risk. Warning signs, such as this one, can improve safety
awareness.
4. Physical comfort : Physiological comfort is defined as the achievement of thermal
equilibrium at normal body temperature with the minimum amount of bodily regulation.
The body feels uncomfortable when it has to work too hard to maintain thermal
equilibrium.
…………………………………………………………………………….
Q.4.Explain the different activities of self?
Different activities of self?
1. Primary human activities: These are human activities that involve extracting raw
materials directly from the earth. Examples of primary activities are farming, fishing,
lumbering, and livestock keeping.
2. Secondary human activities: These are human activities that involve the processing of
raw materials into useful products. These activities involve converting raw materials into
finished products and are mainly performed in urban areas.
3. Tertiary human activities: These are human activities that involve the provision of
services that are needed in society. Examples of tertiary activities include. It provide
employment, especially in town and cities .Stimulates development of other economic
activities e.g. manufacturing of goods to be sold
4. Quaternary human activities: These are human activities that involve the provision of
intellectual services and information..it involves The generation and sharing of hi-tech
knowledge e.g. medical research, Google glasses development, or web page design,
research, and library activities.
5. Quinary human activities: These are activities that are done by top executives or
officials in such a field as government. it is also referred to as gold collar activities. They
involve the highest level of decision-making in society or the economy.
6. Static activities: The static activities are independent of time because it does not
involve any change in magnitude and direction with respect to time. Static activities do
not allow any sort of change and helps to maintain the state of equilibrium of the human
life. Activities witt postural and transitions. Example, Body building, book reading etc.
7. Dynamic activities :These activities performing during the workout work best," says
fitness professional knowledge, The key to using dynamic warm-ups for those with
arthritis lies in using a smaller range of motion and staying within your abilities." For
example,, Hip Circles, Arm Circles, Arm Swings, High-Stepping.
8. Activities with postural and transition: These activities relating to Impairment of
physical function is a major indicator of human body. Functional performance tests have
been shown to be useful for identification of human body and daily life style.
………………………………………………………..
Q.5 .Explain the difference between activities of self and body?

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 Activities of Self Activities of Body
1. Nature: person or thing referred to 1. The physical substance of the human
with respect to complete individuality: organism composed of living cells and
one's own self. a person's nature, extracellular materials and organized
character, etc.: into tissues, organs, and systems.
2. Organization: The way in which self- 2. The cell is the basic living unit of the
knowledge is organized. Which can be human body—indeed, of all organisms.
considered as a personal theory (or The human body consists of trillions of
theories) that a person construes based cells, each capable of growth,
on his/her experience, so as to be able metabolism, response to stimuli, and,
to anticipate with some exceptions, reproduction
3. System; System relating to is the 3. The biological machine made of body
interests, opinions, behaviors, and systems; groups of organs that work
behavioral orientations of an individual, together to produce and sustain
group, or culture. life. Cells and molecules.
4. Needs: Self-actualization needs are 4. To live we need our body to be healthy
also referred to as our 'being' needs; activities so, we need to take food, drink
these include personal and creative self- water, do physical activity and we need
growth, which are achieved through the clothing to cover our body. Anmd
fulfillment of our full potent physical comport.
5. Representation: Self representing to 5. Survival is the body's most important
others greatly influences how they business. Survival depends on the body's
think, feel, and behave, and is maintaining or restoring homeostasis, a
ultimately related to the construct of state of relative constancy, of
identity its internal environment.

………………………………………………………………………….
Q.6. State the different problems to day of self (I) and body?
Different problems to day of self (I) and body
1. Health Crisis: There comes a time in your life when you are not healthy. It might be
something minor or something big and intense. Either way, it is common to have health
issues because as our body works around the clock, it does fall once in a while to get the
whole system working once again.
2. Workplace Issues: Of course, everyone gets to work when the time and opportunity are
there. But, this is the time when you come to realise if you can manage teamwork and
professional relationships or not. The workplace is the place where you are supposed to
fulfil your duties for which you have been hired.
3. Failur: When you are moving forward, achieving your goals, moving on with your
career, you are bound to face failures but it doesn’t mean that you can’t move forward.
Failures are meant to teach you a lot of things and make you a better person for the
future..
4. Financial Crisis:This world and life are uncertain, and the financial crisis can come at
every stage of life. No matter how much you are ready for the bad times, the financial
crisis can catch you off-guard. You can get frustrated and all stressed out because of the
crisis that might have hit you.

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 5. Physical Activity and Nutrition :Research indicates that staying physically active can
help prevent or delay certain diseases, including some cancers, heart disease and
diabetes, and also relieve depression and improve mood.
6. Injury and Violence: Among seniors, falls are the leading cause of injuries, hospital
admissions for trauma, and deaths due to injury. One in every three seniors (age 65 and
older) will fall each year. Strategies to reduce injury include exercises to improve
balance and strength and medication review.
7. Environmental Quality: Even though pollution affects all of us, government studies
have indicated that low-income, racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in
areas where they face environmental risks. Compared to the general population, a
higher proportion of elderly are living just over the poverty threshold.
8. Environmental Quality: Even though pollution affects all of us, government studies
have indicated that low-income, racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in
areas where they face environmental risks. Compared to the general population, a
higher proportion of elderly are living just over the poverty threshold.
……………………………………………………………………
Q.7.What is self discipline? Explain advantages and limitations?
Self discipline: Self-discipline is the ability to push yourself forward, stay motivated, and
take action, regardless of how you're feeling, physically or emotionally. I.e. It is training
that corrects, molds, or perfects the mental faculties or moral character. Willpower to do
these things on your own, without someone telling you to do them. Control your feelings
and even do hard things so you can be better and have more prosperity.

Advantages self discipline

1. Increased Productivity: Self-discipline helps us stay focused and avoid distractions,
enabling us to be more productive. When we set clear goals and stick to them, we can
prioritize our tasks and achieve more in less time.
2. Improved Health: Self-discipline can improve our health by helping us make healthier
choices. For example, by sticking to a regular exercise routine and healthy eating habits,
we can improve our physical and mental well-being.
3. Greater Success: Self-discipline is a key component of success. It enables us to take
action and make progress towards our goals, even in the face of challenges and setbacks.
By staying focused and committed, we can achieve the success we desire.
4. Stronger Relationships: Self-discipline can also improve our relationships. When we
are disciplined in our communication and behavior, we are more likely to build trust and
respect with others.
5. Improved Self-Esteem: Self-discipline can improve our self-esteem and confidence.
When we set and achieve our goals, we feel a sense of accomplishment and pride, which
can boost our self-worth.
Limitations/Dis advantages of self discipline:
1. Temptations weaken self discipline: We are all subject to temptations in many forms
every day. We are exposed to advertisements in newspapers, magazines and on TV,
telling us to buy this or that. Now a day’s many offers commutated through TV
programs, movies, restaurants, concerts, sports competitions and many other sorts of
entertainment are Temptations the self discipline.

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 2. Lack of goals or purpose in life: If you do not have any goals or aims in life you tend to
drift and do not take any action to improve your life. This can lead to lack of self
discipline.
3. A weak state of health and body: A weak state of health can contribute to the absence
of this important skill. This means that you need to take good care of your health and
body, eat healthy food and exercise your body.
4. Lack of enough inner strength: Laziness and the absence of inner strength prevent you
from being more self disciplined. In this situation, you avoid doing things that require
effort and persistence. People prefer comfortable laziness, rather than actions that require
effort.
5. Procrastination This habit is one of the reasons for lack of self discipline Procrastination
is the act of delaying or putting off tasks until the last minute, or past their deadline.
……………………………………………………………………………
Q.8. what is our present attitude towards the body and its consequences?
Attitude: Attitude is a psychological construct that is a mental and emotional entity that
inheres or characterizes a person, their attitude to approach to something, or their
personal view on it. Attitude involves their mindset, outlook and feelings.
1. Lack of Responsibility towards the Body: Our lifestyle has become very busy and
unnatural. We do not give priority to take proper care of the body. We have
increasingly stated eating at odd hours, junk food and are largely ignorant about the
state of the body.
2. Tendency for Medication to Suppress the Ailment: Whenever there is pain in any
part of the body a signal of some disorder which needs to be properly attended to.
However, our common tendency is to suppress this pain by immediate medication and
then forget about it.
3. Polluted Air, Water, Food: We have polluted our environment today and it is directly
or indirectly ha us. There is contamination in the air, water, soil, plants and we are
responsible for it. Our food has impurities. realistic about expectations from self.
4. Attitudes towards the body: The human body is a self organized and highly
sophisticated mechanism. Today we have different problems and they are lack of
responsibility towards the body, tendency for medication to the ailment, and polluted
air, water, food.
5. Life style: Attitude is the way you look at life. It is the way you choose to see and
respond to events, situations, people, and yourself. Your attitude is not something that
happens to you. You choose your attitude.
6. Behavioral aspects. An individual's positive or negative evaluation of self-
performance of the particular behavior. The concept is the degree to which performance
of the behavior is positively or negatively valued.
7. Evolution of things: Psychologists define attitudes as a learned tendency to evaluate
things in a certain way. This can include evaluations of people, issues, objects, or
events. Such evaluations are often positive or negative, but they can also be uncertain at
times.
8. Self perspective: Acceptance of oneself and holding unconditional positive regard for
others are two important attitudes. Accepting self means being fine with the kind of
person one is. However, this does not mean that we become blind to our weaknesses. It
only means being your body.
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Q.9. Suggest program to ensure proper functioning of your body.
Program to ensure proper functioning of your body
1. Understanding and Living with Sanyama: Sanyama implies that the self takes the
responsibility for proper nurturing, and right utilization of the body. For this it is essential
to understand the functioning of the body instrument. It is also essential to understand that
this instrument has a limited life span and undergoes a pattern of growth and decay.
2. Nurturing of the Body: Proper Food, Air, Water, Etc. In the process of selecting food for
the body, I need to make out the elements which make a complete food so that it gives
required nutrients and energy to the body. On the basis of understanding of the harmony
of the self with the body, it can be said that the food needs to be eaten only when we feel
hungry.
3. Protection of the Body: The second issue is the protection of the body. The clothes we
choose for protection need to be such that they ensure proper interaction of the body with
the environment. The right amount of exposure of the body to the air, water, and sun is
required to ensure its proper functioning.
4. Right Utilization of the Body (Sadupayoga): Right utilization of the body as an
instrument necessitates understanding the purpose for which this instrument is to be used.
Normally, we tend to believe that the body is an instrument for sensory enjoyment, which
is not correct.
5. Ensure right utilization of the body:The responsibility of the Self towards the Body is
in terms of nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the Body. Nurturing the Body is
by providing appropriate air, water, food, sunlight, etc.
6. Programs to ensure sanyam and swasthya:To achieve Swasthya, it's important to
attend to both the physical and psychological needs of the “I” and the body. For example,
this can involve eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and engaging in physical
exercise.
7. Ensure self regulation and health: Programs aimed at reducing stress, such
as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and time management techniques, can help
promote sanyam and swasthya. Sleep: Getting adequate sleep is important for both
physical and mental health.
……………………………………………………………………..

Q.10. Explain the basic principles’ of understanding the body as an instrument of ‘i’?
The body as an instrument of I : The idea of “the body as an instrument of I” reflects the
view that the body is a tool for the self to experience, act, and interact with the world, and that
the individual's relationship with their body can have a profound impact on their overall well-
being and spiritual growth.

Basic principles’/rules/factors of understanding the body as an instrument of ‘i’

1. The Doer. The "I" is often thought of as the doer or the one who takes action. This
aspect of the self refers to our capacity to make decisions and act upon them. The "I" is
responsible for our choices, behaviors, and actions.
2. The Seer: The "I" is also thought of as the seer or the observer. This aspect of the self
refers to our capacity to witness and perceive the world around us. The "I experience
the world through our five senses and our perceptions of the world shape our thoughts
and beliefs.

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 3. The Enjoyer: The "I" is also thought of as the enjoyer or the one who experiences
pleasure and happiness. This aspect of the self refers to our capacity to experience joy
and satisfaction in life. The "I" is responsible for experiencing the pleasures and joys of
life, whether they be related to relationships, personal growth, creativity, or other areas.
4. The Nature and Process of Science: Science is a body of knowledge, but it is also the
process by which this knowledge is obtained. Scientific knowledge advances over time
with repeated experimentation and testing.
5. structure of the Human Body: he human body is a single structure but it is made up of
billions of smaller structures of four major kinds: cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
An organ is an organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that
together they can perform a special function.
6. Chemistry of Life: The human body is approximately 99% comprised of just six
elements: Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, and phosphorus. Another five
elements make up about 0.85% of the remaining mass: sulfur, potassium, sodium,
chlorine, and magnesium. All of these 11 elements are essential elements.
7. Digestive System: The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and
gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.
……………………………………………………………………….

Q, 11. I am the seer, doer and enjoyer the body is my instrument? Explain?
Body is an instrument : Understanding the Body as an instrument of I (I being the doer,
seer and enjoyer) The concept of “the body as an instrument of I” refers to the idea that the
body is seen as a tool or vehicle for the self (I) to experience, act, and interact with the
world.
1. Seer: When we are reading a book or listening, when someone is explaining
something to us, when we are watching a scenery or when we are thinking - we are
engaged in the activities of 'seeing' or understanding. Now when we see some nice
scenery we say 'I am seeing' that means our self 'I' see via the eyes, the eyes don't see,
they are just instruments, that unable me to see something outside.
i. I can see inside :Different images are formed in the eyes every time, but it is I
who is able to relate it to the meaning of that image every time. Similarly, I can
see inside 'in me' also - without the eyes. When I see outside the body works as
an instrument. Behind all our activities of our Seeing,
ii. Feeling of “I-ness: Understanding, Doing and Enjoying is a feeling of “I-ness”
with which we identify ourselves. Every human being actually participates in a
number of such activities every day. In all these activities, the body acts only as
an instrument.It is the “I” that sees or understands something.
iii. Listen anything : Our eyes and ears act as instruments which help us to see or
listen anything. They do not convey any any information. It is the “I” that
understands what it has seen or listened to. Seer” also means the one who
understands. Hence I am the Seer (Drasta).
2. I am the doer: once I have seen/ understood something, I am the one who decides what
to do or not to do. I am the doer. For example, when I see the scenery I am the one who
decide to take a picture of the scenery. I use my hands to pick camera and click a
picture. The hands in the body are thus used as an instrument.

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 i. Accomplish the task:I work with my hands and legs. Once I have seen and
understood something, I decide what I should/ should not do. I take the help of
my body parts to accomplish the task I want to do.
ii. Body works as per the instructions: I use my hands to write, my legs to walk
etc. My body works as per the instructions given by me. Hence I am the Doer and
I express my actions via my body.
iii. Decisions Aspiration: Doer means “one who does” or “the one who takes
decisions to do something”.Hence I am the Doer (Karta).
i. I am the enjoyer: I saw the scenery and I took the picture. I am the seer
and doer so far. When I see the picture I like it. I am the one that enjoys it.
Thus there is a continuity of being the seer, doer and enjoyer. Similarly when I
eat, I am the one that gets the taste
ii. Pleasure derived: I use my body as an instrument to perform various activities.
It is I who enjoy the pleasure derived out of those activities.
iii. Tongue to taste: mouth helps to chew and the tongue to taste, but I enjoy the
taste and flavor. I am the one feeling excited, angry, sad, happy etc. my body is
only one instrument.
iv. Pleasure and happiness: Enjoyer means “one who enjoys”. Hence I am the
Enjoyer (Biota). The Enjoyer: The “I” is also thought of as the enjoyer or the one
who experiences pleasure and happiness. This aspect of the self refers to our
capacity to experience joy and satisfaction in life.
………………………………………………………………………..
Q.12.Why is it necessary to understand harmony at all levels?

Importance/necessary to understand harmony at all levels

1. Mental and emotional well being: Harmonious relationship and environment can have
positive impact on individual Mental and emotional well being. When individuals feel
safe and respected and valued they are likely to experience a sense of well being and
how well people are able to accept and manage their emotions and cope with challenges
throughout life.
2. Conflict resolution: conflicts are natural part of human interactions and relationships.
Living in harmony involves effective conflict resolution skills that minimize negative
impacts of conflicts. When individuals and communities are able to resolve conflicts in
a peaceful and respected manner then they are better equipped with harmonious
relationships.
3. Increased productivity: Harmonious relationship and environment are more
conductive to productivity and efficiency. When individuals feel supported and valued
they are more likely to contribute their best efforts to completion of task .
4. Improved social cohesion: Living in harmony can improve social cohesion by
promoting mutual understanding respect between individuals and groups. This can led
to greater cooperation and collaboration which can have positive impact on wide range
of social and economic outcomes.
5. Global peace and security : At Global level Living in harmony is critical in promoting
peace and security .conflicts between nations and cultural misunderstandings can led to
violence and instability. by promoting mutual understanding and cooperation nations
can work together to resolve conflicts and promoting peace and security.

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 6. Level of society: Harmony in society refers to a state of cooperation and mutual
understanding between individuals and groups, characterized by a lack of conflict and a
sense of unity and stability. It involves the balance and coordination of diverse interests,
values, and beliefs to create a cohesive and functional community.
7. Human relationship: By promoting harmony in our relationships, we can create a
supportive and fulfilling environment where everyone feels valued and heard. The basic
unit of human interaction is considered to be a two-person relationship.
8. Family: Family harmony means that there is an atmosphere of absolute peace,
relaxation, unconditional love, fearlessness, understanding (and not misunderstanding),
freedom of expression and longing for each other within the family..
Q.13. Discuses Human being is co-existence of self and body true or false?
Co-existence of self and body
1. Distinct entities: Human being is the coexistence of two entirely distinct entities,
sentient non-material ‘I’ and the material Body.
2. Happiness: Happiness is ensured by having both right understanding & right feelings,
while physical facility is ensured by appropriate physico-chemical things. One cannot
ensure the other.
3. Physical facilities: A supportive network of relationships can also provide individuals
with the confidence and motivation necessary to pursue their aspirations and achieve
their goals. Physical facilities, such as access to adequate housing, healthcare, and
transportation, are also essential for fulfilling human aspirations.
4. Qualitative: Human beings are a complex combination of the sentiment 'I' which
relates to all the feelings and the material 'body' which refers to all the physical
facilities available to them. Need of self is sukh (happiness). Sukh is qualitative.
Therefore the needs of 'I' are qualitative.
5. Quantitative: Needs for the body in a limited and Quantitative When we try and
exceed these limits, it becomes troublesome for us after some time to achieve
continuity of happiness through sensation by perpetuating contact.
6. Knowing: Self-awareness does not occur suddenly through one particular behavior: it
develops gradually through a succession of different behaviors all of which relate to
the self."
7. Assuming: If someone accuses you of being assuming, he or she thinks you are
arrogant or that you take too much for granted. If you take on an assuming tone when
you ask for something, people are more likely to feel offended than to be generous. A
person who is quiet and modest is often described approvingly as being unassuming.
8. Recognition: Recognize your inherent value and worth by accepting yourself
completely while focusing on building your self-worth from there. Acceptance
includes being kind to yourself, allowing yourself to be vulnerable and human and to
treat yourself with compassion.
9. Fulfillment: Fulfillment is about living a deeply meaningful life, a life of purpose and
satisfaction. Fulfillment is not necessarily about happiness. It is about meaning, deep
meaning. It's about one's vision, their dreams, and living in full alignment and flow
with their values.
10. Desire: Desire refers to a strong feeling of wanting or wishing for something, often
accompanied by a motivation to take action to obtain it. The activity of desire, thought,
and expectation is often collectively referred to as "mental activity" or "mental
processes"

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 …………………………………………………….

Q.14. Explain the needs of self and body in human values?

Needs of self and body in human values
1. Respect: Respect means that you accept somebody for who they are, even when
they're different from you or you don't agree with them. Respect in your relationships
builds feelings of trust, safety, and wellbeing. Respect doesn't have to come naturally –
it is something you learn.
2. Trust : Trust is the belief and confidence in the integrity, reliability and fairness of a
person or organization; an essential human value that quantifies and defines our inter-
dependence in relationships with others. Trust is a complex neural process that binds
diverse representations into a semantic pointer that includes emotions.
3. Happiness : Happiness can be defined as an enduring state of mind consisting not
only of feelings of joy, contentment, and other positive emotions, but also of a sense
that one's life is meaningful and valued and to predict positive outcomes in many
different areas of life including mental well-being, physical health, and overall
longevity.
4. Love: Love is the principle which creates and sustains human relations with dignity
and depth. Love means I can be kind, caring and understanding. Love is the basis for a
belief in equality and goodwill toward all.
5. Peace:Peace is a qualitative energy that brings balance. World Peace grows through
nonviolence, acceptance, fairness and communication. Peace is the main characteristic
of a civilized society. Peace must begin with each one of us.
6. Justice:Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more
traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely
related terms that are often today used interchangeably. There have, however, also
been more distinct understandings of the two terms.
7. Freedom:Freedom resides within the mind and heart. People want the freedom to live
a life of purpose, to select freely a lifestyle in which they and their children can grow
healthily and can flourish through the work of their hands, head and hearts.
8. Joy:Joy of its nature shares itself. It is selflessness and happiness at the happiness of
others. It is kindness and giving of consideration to other people, of their needs, wants,
and care for them. Joy is contentment with self, contentment with others, and
contentment with all life.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Q.15.Difference between self and body in human values ?
Self Body
1. Consciousness: Consciousness forms the 1. Physical Features Physical attraction
basis for values and values based living.. itself includes universal perceptions
This aspect of the self refers to our common to all human cultures such
capacity to experience joy as facial symmetry.
2. Conscience: The inherent ability of every 2. Aware of or preoccupied with one's
healthy human being to perceive what is body or physical appearance:
right and what is wrong and, on the Fasting has become increasingly
strength of this perception, to control, popular among body-conscious
monitor, evaluate and execute. people in the 18 to 34 age group.
3. Appearances: It does not depict someone 3. Outward appearance of any person,

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 based on appearances, names, or irrespective of sex, with regard to
locations. mental picture, generally of a hair style, beards, manner of dress,
kind that is quite resistant to change, that weight, height, facial features,
depicts not only details are potentially Physical Form: Similarly, body
avail relates to an individual's soul
4. Abstract Notions: It distinguishes people 4. Traits Personality traits reflect
based on abstract notions such as ideas, people's characteristic patterns of
thoughts, and ideals. thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
5. Physical Form: Similarly, "self" relates 5. Identity In psychology, the term
to an individual's soul, which does not "identity" is most commonly used to
have a physical form. describe personal identity,
6. Respect: Respect means that you accept 6. Survive The human body requires
somebody for who they are, even when good nutritious food and habits in
they're different from you or you don't order to survive .It is the
agree with them. individuality promoti0opn activity
7. Contentment: It is a relatively positive 7. It a relatively positive emotional
emotional state of satisfaction and inner state of satisfaction and inner peace.
peace. Colloquially speaking, contentment The concept of body and mind
could be a state of having accepted one's interplay (including relationship
situation. factor) .
………………………………………………………………………………..\
Q.16. Understanding the characteristics and activities of` I' and harmony in 'I?
Characteristics and activities of` I' and harmony in 'I.
1. Self-Awareness: The "I" is characterized by self-awareness, which means that
individuals are aware of their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. This self-awareness
allows individuals to understand their own motivations, beliefs, and values, and to
make informed decisions about their lives.
2. Decision-Making: The "I" is also characterized by the ability to make decisions. This
ability allows individuals to take control of their lives and to make choices that align
with their goals, values, and aspirations.
3. Emotions: The "I" experiences emotions, which can range from positive emotions
like happiness and joy, to negative emotions like sadness and anger. Emotions play a
critical role in our lives, as they help us to understand our own experiences and to
respond to the world around us.
4. Creativity: The "I" is characterized by creativity, which refers to the ability to
imagine and create new things. Creativity allows individuals to express themselves
and to experience the world in new and unique ways.
5. Relationships: The I" is also characterized by the ability to form relationships with
others. Relationships play a critical role in our lives, as they provide us with support,
connection, and a sense of community. In order for the "I to function in a harmonious
way, it's important for individuals to engage in activities that promote well-being
6. Mindfulness: Mindfulness practices, such as meditation and yoga, can help
individuals to cultivate self-awareness and to connect with their emotions and
thoughts.
7. Physical Exercise: Physical exercise can help individuals to reduce stress and to
promote physical and psychological well-being.

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 8. Creative Pursuits: Engaging in creative pursuits, such as painting, writing. or music,
can help individuals to express themselves and to experience the world in new and
unique ways.
9. Relationships: Building and maintaining healthy relationships with others can
provide individuals with support, connection, and a sense of community. In
conclusion, the "I" is a complex aspect of human individuality that is characterized by
self-awareness, decision-making, emotions, creativity, and relationships.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
Q.17. Explain pre-conditioning and its effects at individual level?
Precondition Preconditioning means the condition developed by beliefs (manyatas).
Often we have our own assumptions about something on the basis of our prevailing
notions. They comes from what we read, see hear, what our parents tell us, our friends
talk about what the magazines talk of, what we see on the TV etc.
Effects /factors /principles of pre-conditioning at individual level
1. Conflicts and contradictions ; in T as a result of pre-conditioned desire We have
not verified the desires, thoughts and expectations in us on the basis of our own I
acceptance. As a result, these desires, thoughts and selections are in conflicts. Since
the desires conflict, the thoughts they give rise to, are also in conflict and in turn, the
selection from the thought also in conflicts. This conflict affects us in different
manners:
2. Wavering aspirations: Our goals keep shifting as the inputs from the outside also
keep changing, desires thus keep shifting, because their source is outside and these
preconditioned desires may from what we read,
3. Lack of confidence: Since our desires are shaky, we are not sure about them. As a
result, we lack confidence, in the true sense. Our confidence seems relative i.e. we
keep comparing ourselves with others in order to feel confident.
4. Unhappiness/conflicts: Since our desires, thoughts and expectations are in conflict,
it becomes cause for our unhappiness, leading to stress and tension. Such desires will
also be in conflict with natural acceptance
5. Lack of qualitative improvement in us: We focus largely on fulfilling the needs of
the body result we live with a sense of lack of fulfillment. We are doing many things,
accumulating progress on paper, but we don't feel that we have improved, that we
have become better.
6. State of resignation: whenever we do not understand ourselves properly and have
contradiction within, we slowly start getting disillusioned (pleasant but mistaken
beliefs). We feel that there are solutions to these issues, and end up in a state of
resignation.
7. Short lived nature of pleasure from sensations: The pleasure obtained from
sensations is short. We are so much dependent on sensations that instead of giving us
some sensory pleasure, it is the source for our happiness.
8. Temporary nature: The external object is temporary in nature, the contact of the
external object with the temporary nature. The sensation from the body to 'I' is
temporary. To sum up, if our desires, thoughts and expectations are based on pre-
conditionings, we are in a state of great confusion. This leads to confusion,
unhappiness, conflict and stress.
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Q.18. what are the aspects of sanyam and swasthya?
Sanyam: means self-control. Control over one. s own self by having good habits and
having control over our own senses is called sanyam. I.e.self-regulation, is simply the
Self's feelings of sensitivity to the body's desires for care, comfort, and proper use.
Because the Body is an agent of the Self, it should be taken care of in order for it to carry
out the Self's teachings.
Swasthya refers to overall health and well-being, both physical and psychological. To
achieve Swasthya, it's important to attend to both the physical and psychological needs of
the “I” and the body. For example, this can involve eating a healthy diet, getting enough
sleep, and engaging in physical exercise.
Aspects/characteristic /properties of sanyam
1. Physical: Exercise! Even walking 30 minutes a day three times a week will greatly
improve your health. Eat Healthy. Avoid fried foods, soft drinks, processed meats, and
sweets. Try to include 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in your diet everyday. Don’t
skip meals. Especially breakfast, it slows down your metabolic rate and can cause
weight gain.
2. Emotional: Try to maintain a positive attitude even when problems arise.Discover your
personal stress reliever. Manage your time wisely because it will help lower stress. Find
someone that you trust who you can openly share your feelings with.
3. Social: Get involved. There are a variety of clubs and organized on campus; you're
bound to find something that interests you. Know who your best friends are. Recognize
when you are in an unhealthy relationship. Balance your social life with your academic
responsibility
4. Spiritual: Find a quiet place and spend time there every da Contemplate the meaning of
your life.If you have a religion, study and practice it.Spend time appreciating the natural
world around you.
Aspects/characteristic /properties of sanyam
1. Harmony among the various parts: Swasthya has two elements – the body act
according to me, and there is harmony in the body. asthya: The body is fit to act
according to the self . There is harmony among the various parts of the body.
2. Swasthy can replace good health:. If you have a healthy body, you have a healthy
mind and a healthy life. Being healthy is easy, and to ensure that, you need not work
hard at the gym or eat boiled and bland foods. All you need to do to be healthy is to
incorporate a few healthy habits in your lifestyle as you bid adieu to the unhealthy ones.
3. Swasthy concentrate the lifestyle and habits: including food, sleep, exercise, etc. has
brought about an undesirable change in our lives and has made our body prone to
illnesses.
4. Swasthy changed the body radically: and if we do not take a few steps to improve our
habits, our body can become prone to a range of serious health conditions and diseases.
Here are the changes in our lifestyle that are putting a negative effect on our health:
………………………………………………………………
Q.19. State the programs to ensure the Sayam and health in harmony?
Steps/programs/Formulation to ensure the Sayam and health in harmony
1. Nurturing of the Body:Proper Food, Air, Water, Etc.: To ensure that the meal I
choose for the body has all the necessary nutrients and energy, I must identify the
components of a complete food. Food should be taken only when we are hungry,
according to our knowledge of the harmony of the self with the body.

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 2. Protection of the Body: The second reason is body protection. The clothing we wear
for protection must allow the body to interact properly with the surroundings. The
optimum quantity of exposure of the body to the air, water, and sun is essential to
guarantee its healthy functioning.
3. Proper upkeep (Vihar) of the Body: When we work, our bodies become tired. When
we relax, our bodies grow more ready for work. But, once again, there is a limit to how
much work and relaxation we can get in. We must also assure correct time, posture, and
methods of working and resting. We must offer healthy conditions for the Body to work
properly.
4. Physical Exercises :We understand the value of exercise. While working, many
portions of the body may be overworked while others might not be. We can use
exercises to work all of the parts of the body in the desired manner.
5. Asan-Pranayam: The Body can keep working correctly in this method as well. We
give the body suitable postures by sitting or sleeping in Asanas, and we regulate the
breathing in Pranayam.
6. Treatment of the body:Regardless of our best efforts, the body may require therapy at
times. There are lots of techniques that may be used to guarantee this. It is possible that
simply going without eating for a period of time may heal the body.
7. \Improved own senses :Sanyam means self-control. Control over one.s own self by
having good habits and having control over our own senses is called sanyam. (Svasthya
means welfare. Welfare is possible only when there is physical and mental health.
8. Id3entify the susceptible things : The sanyam or self-control makes a person healthy.
If he or she has sanyam, he or she will never get hooked on to the addictions and bad
habits. Many bad habits make a person susceptible to a variety of diseases. The sanyam
hence keeps the svasthya in a proper way.
………………………………………………………………………
Q.20. what is the responsibility of the self towards the body? How is it fulfilled?
The responsibility of the Self :It is towards the Body is in terms of nurturing, protecting
and rightly utilizing the Body. Nurturing the Body is by providing appropriate air, water,
food, sunlight, etc. Protection is to ensure the continuity of the body which includes
safeguarding from unfavorable conditions.
Requirements/ fulfillment of responsibility of the Self
1. Create an internal “cutoff point”. Responsibility is associated with a feel of control
over our own lives. The locus of this control can be inside a person (when he is sure that
he is responsible for his own feelings, thoughts and actions). Or, it can be associated with
an external environment. This happens when self-responsibility is unbearable for some
reason.
2. Care about yourself. This includes taking care of your own body and feelings. Well-
balanced nutrition, good sleep, well-organized physical activity and consistent health
monitoring will help you to stay in a better contact with yourself and your body.
3. Don’t forget about self-support. Make sure you allocate enough time for hobbies and
creative activities that bring joy. It’s a good way to recover and balance your emotional
condition. Attend concerts and exhibitions, meditate, or watch movies to enhance your
personal growth.
4. Be honest with yourself. In other words, try to realize what you really feel. Especially,
when you experience negative feelings, such as guilt, shame, anger, etc. If you do not

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 realize the root of these feelings or beliefs, you will react in “an autopilot mode.”
Unfortunately, such reaction does not cultivate responsibility.
5. Give yourself an opportunity to be “imperfect”. Often we are very strict towards
ourselves. We take any mistake as a personal failure. The fear of social disapproval
drives us into a trap: we either harass ourselves to be the best in everything, or give up.
6. Accept constraints and turn them into steps of development. In life, we consistently
face various complex situations and crises. However, only when we realize that we can’t
change the situation, we begin to explore new opportunities and prospects for
development.
7. Form a habit. If you didn’t develop self-responsibility when you were a kid, this skill
will not appear on its own. You have to train this “muscle.” It is important to be attentive
to yourself, to notice when the usual mechanisms shoot ahead, and take a lead of your
life.
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Q.21.What is SWOT Analyses? Explain the main elements of SWOT Analyses?

SWOT analysis: It is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats of a particular subject or entity. When applied to human values,
it can help individuals or organizations assess their values and how they align with their
goals and circumstances.
Elements/phases/stages of SWOT Analyses
1. Strengths: Strengths in human values refer to the positive qualities, characteristics, and
behaviors that align with ethical principles and contribute to the well-being of
individuals, communities, and society as a whole. The following are the traits of
Strengths:
i. Clarity and Alignment: Evaluate how well your current set of values align with
your goals, aspirations, and personal mission. Strong alignment can provide you
with a sense of purpose and direction.
ii. .Positive Impact: It can be seen across various aspects of individuals' lives,
relationships, communities, and society at large. When individuals embrace and
prioritize human values, they contribute to a more compassionate, just, and
harmonious world
iii. Consistency: Assess how consistently you live by your values. Consistency can
lead to increased integrity and authenticity.
2. Weaknesses: Analyzing weaknesses in human values help us understand the challenges
and limitations associated with these values. While human values are generally positive
and desirable, they can have weaknesses or drawbacks as well.
i. Conflicting Values: Conflicting values occur when different principles, beliefs, or
ethical standards clash, leading to a dilemma in decision-making or behavior.
These conflicts can arise due to individual differences, cultural diversity, societal
norms, or personal experiences..
ii. Misalignment with Goals: Recognize if your current values hinder you from
pursuing certain goals or aspirations. Adjusting values that don't serve your
objectives might be necessary.
iii. Inconsistency: It refers to situations where individuals or societies exhibit
contradictory behavior or beliefs that do not align with their professed values

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 3. Opportunities: Opportunities related to human values are avenues through which
individuals, communities, and societies can harness the positive impact of ethical
principles to create a better world. Embracing and promoting human values can lead to
various advantages and benefits.
i. Personal Growth: Personal growth through the lens of human values involves an
individual's intentional efforts to develop and improve themselves in alignment
with ethical principles and positive qualities. When people prioritize and integrate
human values into their personal development journey, they tend to experience
meaningful growth and transformation.
ii. Enhanced Relationships: Enhanced relationships are a significant outcome of
practicing and prioritizing human values. When individuals and communities
embrace positive values, they foster deeper connections, build trust, and promote
harmonious interactions.
iii. Value Expansion: Value expansion refers to the process of broadening and
deepening one's understanding and application of human values. It involves
exploring and embracing a wider range of values to enhance personal growth,
ethical decision-making and positive contributions to society.
4. Threats: In the context of human values, it focus on potential challenges or negative
influences that could impact the ethical, social, and moral principles that guide human
behavior and decision-making.
i. Negative Influences: it's important to focus on external factors that could
potentially harm an organization, project, or individual's values and goals. Some of
the examples are Competition and Rivalry, Regulatory Changes, Cyber security
Threats et.
ii. Peer Pressure: It refers to the social pressure that individuals feel to conform to
the behaviors, attitudes, and values of their peer group. Peer pressure can indeed
have a significant impact on human values, especially during the developmental
stages of life when individuals are more susceptible to the influence of their peers.
iii. Conflicting Societal Values: Conflicting societal values arise when different
groups within a society hold divergent beliefs, attitudes, and principles that often
lead to tension, disagreement, and ethical dilemmas..
……………………………………………………………………..
Q.22.Explain the concept of Dalai Lamas‟ Tibetan Personality Test?

Dalai Lamas‟ Tibetan Personality Test: It is typical email test, Four questions sent
through email and asks for the person's favorites number and favorite day of the week, and
subsequently links the answers to respectively. The number of friends to forward the
email/letter to, and the day of the week on which the person's wish will come true.The
essential 'test' elements are consistent. It's a bit of fun and no more.

Elements/components/Principles of Tibetan personality test

1. Conducting Priority Test: The following are four tests send to respondents through
Email,.
i. Question 1. Write down the following five animals in the order of your
preference: Cow Tiger S Question 1heep Horse Pig Question
ii. Question 2:Write a word to describe each one of the following (preferably write
five different describing words): Dog Cat Rat Coffee Sea

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 iii. Question 3. Write down the name of a different person whom you associate with
each of these five colors (each person must be known to you and important to
you): Yellow Orange Red White Green.
iv. Question 4: asks for the person's favorite’s number and favorite day of the week,
and subsequently links the answers to respectively to interpret the answers.
2. Priorities in life: The Dalai Lama designed test focuses on determining the priorities
you have in your life. These priorities include family, self-worth, love, career, and
money. This is analyzed by arranging names of five animals according to your
preference and priorities in your life.
3. Attitude towards life: The second characteristics of this test are to assess your attitude
towards life. How you see your life and what are your priorities regarding those around
you in your life are the basis of this question. Three animals, sea, and coffee are the
elements and symbolize how you see yourself and other people in your life.
4. Attitude towards people : How you behave towards different people in your life and
how you see their role is the basic foundation of the third and the last question of the
Tibetan personality test. This question includes colors that will be arranged according to
the choice of the person undertaking the test.
5. Preferences: Personality Preferences help to classify a person's natural tendencies in
different areas such as energy direction, decision-making, working methods, etc
Individuals with a preference for thinking tend to focus on logic and analysis when
making decisions.
6. Choices: Personality traits combine with your life experiences and needs, and these can
help to form your approach to big decisions, as well as what it takes to make the most of
these right now.
7. Personality description: Personality refers to the enduring characteristics and behavior
that comprise a person's unique adjustment to life, including major traits, interests,
drives, values, self-concept, abilities, and emotional patterns.
8. Critical mindset: Critical thinking involves the evaluation of sources such as data,
facts, media, stories, observable phenomenon, and research findings . It supports people
to reflect by using critical thinking questions when they discover and discuss new
information
……………………………………………………………………………………..

Q.23.Explain the Dr. Menninger’s Psychometric Test in Human value?/

Dr. Menninger’s Psychometric Test; It is Psychometric tests are standardized tools used
to measure psychological attributes such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes,
personality traits, and cognitive abilities. These tests are designed to provide objective and
reliable measurements of various psychological factors.

Elements/features/components of Psychometric Test

1. Cognitive Ability Tests: These assess a person's cognitive capabilities, including

reasoning, problem-solving, numerical ability, verbal ability, and spatial reasoning.
Examples include IQ tests and aptitude tests.
2. Personality Tests: These tests measure various personality traits, tendencies, and
characteristics. They can help individuals and organizations understand behavior,
preferences, and potential areas of development..

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 3. Emotional Intelligence Tests: These assess a person's ability to perceive, understand,
manage, and use emotions effectively. Emotional intelligence tests can be helpful in
understanding one's interpersonal skills and emotional awareness.
4. Interest Inventories: These tests evaluate an individual's preferences and interests in
various activities or fields. They are often used in career counseling to help individuals
identify suitable career paths.
5. Situational Judgment Tests: These present hypothetical scenarios and ask individuals
to choose the most appropriate course of action. They measure decision-making skills
and problem-solving abilities.
6. Behavioral Assessments test: These assessments evaluate an individual's behaviors,
motivations, and potential reactions in various situations. They can be used to predict
how a person might behave in a work or social setting.
7. Assessment Centers: These involve a combination of various assessment methods,
including group discussions, presentations, role plays, and interviews. They are often
used for selection and development purposes in organizations.
8. In-tray exercise test: In-tray exercises, or the digital e-tray equivalent, are a test of your
ability to deal with a real work scenario: multiple requests, different demands on your
time and information overload.
………………………………………………………………..

Q.24.Describe the World Health Organization (WHO) in Social and Preventive Medicine?

Social and Preventive Medicine: Social and Preventive Medicine (also known as
Community Medicine) is a medical specialty that focuses on public health and preventive
healthcare. It deals with the health of populations rather than individuals. Practitioners in
this field work to promote health, prevent diseases, and improve the overall well-being of
communities through interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and policy
development.
Role /Guidelines of WHO for Social and Preventive Medicine
1. 1.Disease Prevention and Control: WHO is involved in the monitoring, prevention,
and control of various diseases, including infectious diseases like COVID-19, malaria,
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and more. They provide guidelines, research, and support to
member countries to tackle these diseases effectively.
2. 2.Global Health Emergency Response: WHO is a central player in coordinating
responses to health emergencies and pandemics. They provide technical expertise,
support, and coordination during outbreaks to help countries respond effectively and
minimize the impact on public health.
3. Health Systems Strengthening: WHO works to strengthen health systems in different
countries, assisting in areas like healthcare infrastructure, workforce training, access to
essential medicines, and more.
4. Health Research and Development: WHO promotes research and development in the
field of global health. This includes supporting research on new treatments, vaccines,
and health technologies, as well as sharing information and best practices.
5. Health Policy and Guidance: WHO develops evidence-based guidelines and

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 recommendations for various health issues, ranging from nutrition and maternal health
to mental health and environmental health.
6. .Health Equity and Social Determinants: WHO focuses on addressing health
disparities and promoting health equity. They recognize that factors like socioeconomic
status, education, and living conditions have a significant impact on health outcomes
7. International Health Regulations: WHO oversees the International Health
Regulations (IHR), a legally binding international agreement that aims to prevent and
respond to the spread of diseases across borders while avoiding unnecessary
interference with international travel and trade.
8. 8.Collaboration and Partnerships: WHO collaborates with other international
organizations, governments, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to
address global health challenges collectively. This collaborative approach enhances the
effectiveness of health interventions.
………………………………………………………………………………..

Unit / Module – III (1st half unit

)
Q.1.Explain the need of harmony in family and society?

Harmony: Harmony is usually a human value, referring to compatibility and accord in

feelings, actions, relationships, opinions, interests, etc. It denotes a state of balance
among forces influencing and even opposing one another..
The Need of Harmony In Family and society
1. Maintain a peaceful and happy family environment: When we model peaceful
and loving relationships, our children feel more secure and loved. Positive language,
active listening, and empathy help maintain a peaceful and happy family environment
these under stressful times Children or teenagers asking for things can cause
arguments.
2. Coexistence and cooperation among individuals: Harmony in the family and
society refers to a state of peaceful coexistence and cooperation among individuals.
In human- human relationships, harmony is achieved through mutual respect, trust,
and understanding.
3. Improve Social expectations: Adjusting expectations is the recognition that there
will be struggles and things often don't go as planned, and sometimes you need a
different approach. This is where a growth mindset can come in handy, to harness
the power of valuing progress
4. Recognize how emotions affect your behavior: Identify what needs healing and
who you want to forgive. Join a support group or see a counselor. Acknowledge your
emotions about the harm done to you, recognize how those emotions affect your
behavior, and work to release them. Choose to forgive the person who's offended
you.
5. Help to synergetic living: Undivided society is the cherished desire of each one of
us. It leads to Universal Human Order, which ensures synergetic living with plants,
animals, air, water, oil, and every other unit, along with human beings.
6. Comprehensive human goal: harmonious society is right understanding in every
individual, prosperity in every family, fearlessness i.e. trust in society, and co-

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