21st Century Literature Reviewer

LITRATURE - Literature is the total of

preserved writings belonging to a given
language or people.
 Literature is any piece of writing that is
valued as work of art.
 Example: Novels, poems, short stories,
plays, etc.
TIMELINE OF LITERARY HISTORY

PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE
 Baybayin-Ancient writing
 FOLKTALES stories about life, adventure,
horror and humor where one can drive
lessons about life. Ex. The Moon and the
Sun
 EPIC-long narrative poem in which a series
of heroic achievement or events, usually
of a hero, are dealt with at length. Ex Biag
ni Lam-Ang
  FOLKSONGS- one of the oldest forms of
Philippine literature that emerged in the
pre-Spanish period. Ex. Kundiman.
Kumintang or Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno.
Ang Dyayi o Hele. Diana, Soliraning and
Talindaw

SPANISH REGIME
Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature.

1. Baybayin was replaced by the Roman

alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian doctrine
(Catholicism) became the basis of
religious practices.
3. European legends and traditions
brought here became assimilated in our
songs, corridos, and moro-moro
4. Folk songs it manifest the artistic
feelings of Filipines and shows their innate
appreciation for the love of beauty
Example: Leron-Leron Sinta,Pamulinawen,
 Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu
Pung Sing-sing
5. Recreational Plays There are many
recreational plays performed during the
Spanish times. Almost all of them are

Poetic forms such as Cenaculo, Panunuluyan,

Salubong and Zarzuela Period of
Enlightenment (187211898)

 The Propaganda Movement This

movement spearheaded mostly by the
intellectual middle class like Jose Rizal
Marcelo Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Joena,
Antonio Luna, Mariono Ponce, Jose Ma.
Panganiban and Pedro Paterrio.

Some of Rizal’s Works

 Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo

Some of Del Pilar’s Works

  Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of
Country)
 Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful)
 Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes)

Some of Jaena’s Works Ang Fray Botod

 La Hija Del Fraile (The Child and the Friar)

 Everything is Hambug (Everything is mere
show)
 Sa Mga Pilipino.1891
 Talumpating Pagunita kay Kolumbus (An
Oration to Commemorate Columbus)

THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1946)

 Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his
free verse

Characteristics of Literature during this

period:
  Languages used in writing were Spanish
and Tagalog and the dialects of the
different regions.
 Writers in Tagalog continued their
lamentations on the conditions of the
country and their attempts to arouse love
for one’s native tongue,

 Writers in English imitated the theme and

methods of the Americans.

THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941f1945)

 Because of the Japanese invasion
- Philippine literature in English came to
a halt.

- All English newspapers were stopped

except for the Tribune and Philippine
Review

- The common theme of most poems

was nationalism, country, love, and life
 in the barries, faith, religion, and the
Arts

Three types of poems emerged during

this period:
 Haiku, a poem of free verse that the
Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines. The first
Note: Filipino poet to write haiku was Gonzalo
K. Flores, also known as Severino Gerundio.
 Tanaga is like Haiku, is short, but it had
measure and rhyme.
Example: Tanaga written by Bannie Pearl Mas
 Karaniwang Anyo or the usual form.

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

- Philippine literature in English

experienced a dark period.
 - For the first twenty years, many books
were published both in Filipino and
English
- In the New Filipino Literature,
Philippine literature in Tagalog was
revived.
- Most of the themes dealt with
Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life
under the Japanese government, and
the brave guerilla exploits

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (197001972)

According to Ponciano Pineda, youth activism

in 1970-72 was due to domestic and
worldwide causes Because of the ills of
society, the youth moved to seek reforms.

Literary revolution

The youth became vocal with their sentiments

They demanded a change in government.

It was manifested in bloody demonstrations,

sidewalk expressions and in literature.

Period of the New Society

This started on September 21, 1972.

The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give

annual awards.

Poems dealt with patience, regard for native

culture, customs, and the beauties of nature
and surroundings.

Newspapers donned new forms.

PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)

This started on January 2, 1981.

Poems during this period were romantic and

revolutionary.

Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that

were true-to-life like those of grief, poverty,
aspirations for freedom, love af God, of
country and of fellowmen.

Song of ASIN

POST EDSA REVOLUTION (1986-1995)

EDSA People Power-February 21 to 25, 1986

There is evident changes in Filipino songs,
newspapers, speeches and even in television
programs.

Newspapers like The Inquirer, Malaya and

People’s Journal increased circulation.

21” Century Period

21” century literature deals with current

themes and issues and it also reflects a
technological culture, it also breaks traditional
writing rules; hence, themes and issues now
are freely written, expressed, and conveyed
through technology.

IMAGERY Imagery is a poetic element that

tries to create a picture in the mind of the
reader or a mental image through the use of
Figural language

It represents objects, places, ideas, or even

actions that appeal to the senses of the
readers.

A Taste of Philippine Poetry

GABU by Carlos A. Angeles

A Taste of Tagalog Essay

CALABARZON (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas,

Rizal and Quezon) is a home to Tagalog-
speaking people in the Philippines.

Recognized all over the country for their

bravery and fearlessness in battles,
CALABARZON has participated actively in the
country’s fight for freedom.

Examples: Essays of Rizal, Mabini and

Aguinaldo

A Taste of Creative Nonfifiction

4 Major Literary Genres

Drama is a composition in prose or verse

presenting in a dialogue or pantomime a story
involving conflict more contrast of character,
especially intended to be acted on a stage: a
play. It may be any situation or series of
events having vivid,

Emotional, conflicting or striking interest

Poetry imaginative awareness of experience
expressed through meaning, sound, and
rhythmic language choices to

Evoke an emotional response. It employs

meter and thyme. Fiction is a literature
created from the imagination not presented
as fact, though it may be based on a true
story or

Situation. Types of literature in fiction include

the novel, short story and novella

NonflFiction is based on facts and the

author’s opinion about a subject. The purpose
of non-fiction writing is to inform and
sometimes to persuade. Its examples are
biographies, articles from textbooks,
magazines and newspapers
Major Literary Genre
1.Poetry
 Objective Poetry (tells a story):
 Narrative: Ballad, Epic, Metrical
Romance
 Dramatic: Plays written in verse
Subjective Poetry (expresses
emotions):
 Lyric: Elegy, Sonnet, Ode, Hymn,
Dramatic Monologue, Epithalamion

2.Drama (Stories meant to be performed on

stage or screen.)
 Comedy: Romantic Comedy, Comedy
of Humours, Comedy of Manners,
Restoration Comedy
 Tragedyñ: Heroic Tragedy, Senecan
Tragedy, Tragicomedy, Revenge
Tragedy
3. Fiction (Imaginative stories, not based on
real events.)
 Romance: Focuses on love and adventure
 Short Story - Brief fictional narratives
 Novel: Long narratives; includes types like
Picaresque, Epistolary, Bildungsroman,
Gothic, etc.

4. Non-fiction (Writing based on real people,

facts, and events.)
 Essay: Short pieces expressing personal
views
 Pamphlet: Informative booklets
 Autobiography/Biography: Life stories of
people
 Travelogue: Accounts of travels

5. Folktales (Traditional stories passed down

orally through generations.)
21st Century Literature
1. Illustrated Novel - A story told using
both pictures and words. Sometimes, half
the story is shown through images without
any text.
2. Digi-Fiction - A story told through a
mix of book, video, and website. You need
to read, watch, and browse all three to
understand the full story.
3. Graphic Novel - A comic-style story
published as a book, where both pictures
and words work together to tell the story.
4. Manga - Japanese comic books. When
made by non-Japanese artists (like in
America), it’s sometimes called
Amerimanga.
5. Doodle Fiction - A story where
doodles, drawings, and handwritten
elements are used instead of regular text
to help tell the story.
6. Text-Talk Novel - A story told
through messages, emails, or blog posts,
making it feel like you’re reading
someone’s conversation.
7. Chick Lit - Fun and light stories about
modern women, focusing on things like
relationships, work, and friendships.
They’re often written for young women.
8. Flash Fiction - Very short stories
that still have characters and a plot. These
can be as short as a single word or up to
1,000 words.
TYPES OF FLASH FICTIONON:
• One word
• Six words
• Dribble/mini saga (50 words)
• Drabble/micro (100 words)
• Twitterature (280 words)
• Sudden fiction (700 words)
• Flash fiction (1000 words)
9. Creative Nonfiction - True stories
written in a creative way, using
storytelling techniques to make them
more interesting to read.
10. Science Fiction - Stories about the
future, involving things like advanced
technology, space travel, aliens, or time
travel.
11. Blog - A website with regular short
posts. Blogs can be personal, where
someone shares their own thoughts and
experiences, or written by different
people.
12. Hyper Poetry - Poems that exist online
and may use links or have parts that move
or change, giving a unique reading
experience.