HRD Corp IndSF Drone Technology

FIRST
EDITION
2023
Published by
PEMBANGUNAN SUMBER MANUSIA BERHAD (PSMB)

(545143-D)
Wisma HRD Corp, Jalan Beringin, Bukit Damansara, 50490 Kuala

Lumpur.
Tel: 1800 88 4800

Fax: +603 2096 4999
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.hrdcorp.gov.my
All Rights Reserved © 2023. PEMBANGUNAN SUMBER MANUSIA BERHAD
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

transmitted in any form or any means, whether by way of electronics,
mechanics, copy of photo recording or otherwise, without the prior
consent of PSMB.
Page
No. CONTENT
No.
1. Preface........................................................................................................ 1
2. Acknowledgement.................................................................................... 2
Foreword by Datuk Wira Shahul Dawood

3.
Chief Executive of HRD Corp .......................................................................................................... 3
4. Foreword by Datuk Wira Dr Haji Rais Hussin

Chief Executive of MRANTI ..............................................................................................................
4
5. Foreword by Naguib Mohd Nor

President of MAIA .............................................................................................................................
5
6. Guidelines................................................................................................... 6
7. About HRD Corp & IndSF............................................................................ 7
8. Skills Information........................................................................................ 8-10

Drone Technology................................................................................ 8
Business Outlook.................................................................................. 9-10
9. Required Competency Levels (RCL)........................................................ 11
10. IndSF Drone Technology............................................................................ 12-42

a. Drone Pilot ............................................................................................. 13-15
o Job Description................................................................................. 14
o Pre-Requisite..................................................................................... 14
o Skills & Competencies...................................................................... 15
b. Drone Engineer...................................................................................... 16-19

o Pre-Requisite..................................................................................... 17
o Skills & Competencies...................................................................... 18-19
c. Drone Programmer................................................................................ 20-22

o Pre-Requisite..................................................................................... 21
o Skills & Competencies...................................................................... 22
INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY

Page
No. CONTENT
No.
10 d. Drone Controller............................................................................. 23-26

o Job Description......................................................................... 24
o Pre-Requisite............................................................................. 24
o Skills & Competencies............................................................. 25-26
e. Drone Technician........................................................................... 27-29

o Job Description.......................................................................... 28
o Pre-Requisite.............................................................................. 28
o Skills & Competencies............................................................... 29
f. Drone Video Analyst........................................................................ 30-33

o Pre-Requisite.............................................................................. 31
o Skills & Competencies.............................................................. 32-33
g. Drone Consultant............................................................................ 34-37

o Pre-Requisite.............................................................................. 35
o Skills & Competencies............................................................... 36-37
h. Drone Racer.................................................................................... 38-41

o Pre-Requisite.............................................................................. 39
o Skills & Competencies............................................................... 40-42
11 List of Abbreviations & Symbols......................................................... 43
12 Sources................................................................................................ 44

In an era characterised by rapid technological advancements,
drone technology has emerged as a transformative force with the
potential to revolutionise industries across the globe. Drones, or
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), have transcended their initial
military applications to become integral tools in sectors ranging from
agriculture and construction to filmmaking and environmental
monitoring. The versatility and ubiquity of drones have paved the
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
way for the growth of a dynamic and promising industry that
demands specialised skills and expertise.
The Industrial Skills Framework in Drone Technology for Malaysia has

been developed to recognise the profound impact of drone
technology on various sectors of the Malaysian economy. This
framework aims to serve as a comprehensive guide and roadmap
for individuals, educators, and industry stakeholders looking to
navigate and harness drone technology’s potential effectively.
The Industrial Skills Framework in Drone Technology has been

meticulously designed to address the evolving needs of this
burgeoning industry. It outlines the knowledge, competencies, and
proficiencies required to excel in the drone technology sector, taking
into account the unique Malaysian context, regulations, and industry
trends. This framework not only supports the development of a skilled
and knowledgeable workforce but also fosters innovation and
sustainability within the drone industry ecosystem.
INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS
We would like to thank all subject matter experts (SMEs) who have
contributed to the development and enhancement of the Industrial
Skills Framework document for Drone Technology.
MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ SALLEH

(ASIA DRONE IOT)
DR SYED OMAR SYED MOHAMAD

(MALVUS SENSE)
SARAVANAN CHETTIAR
(VSTREAM REVOLUTION)
ANDY TAN
(MALAYSIA SPORT AVIATION
DRONE TECHNOLOGY CAPT. EME ARIZAL

FEDERATION)
(AIRASIA DRONE)
SURIA AFFENDI
(MERAQUE)
HOO ERIN
(DRONE ACADEMY ASIA)
HAZIM RAZAK
(AIIRASIA ACADEMY)
MOHD FITRI REZA MOHD NOOR

(HAF DRONES)

DATUK WIRA SHAHUL DAWOOD
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
HRD CORP
As the custodian of Malaysia’s human capital development efforts, HRD Corp

has always been committed to ensuring that every Malaysian talent and
member of the workforce is given the chance to develop their skills and
knowledge. Our levy programme and strategic initiatives have been geared
towards providing skills training, placement and income-generation
opportunities to all Malaysians. This is because we believe these are the
fundamentals that can help them grow personally and professionally.
Beyond that, we work closely with our registered employers, businesses and
industry players to ensure they have the right training and development
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
pathways to support their employees’ career journeys, all while creating
avenues to make it easier for them to invest in their workforce. At the same
time, we collaborate with Malaysian trainers and training providers to
strengthen the country’s training and development ecosystem, ensuring that
the training community can offer high-quality, industry-relevant current and
future work skills
Given our far-reaching impact and engagement, HRD Corp regularly receives
requests for feedback from individuals, businesses, industries and the
Government on the status and potential of Malaysia’s skills development
landscape. We are also often tapped to provide counsel and
recommendations on what industry players can do to address skills gaps within
their respective industries and provide relevant and high-quality training
programmes for their talents.
For these reasons, I am immensely proud to introduce to you the Industrial

Skills Framework, a visionary initiative that not only answers the above-
mentioned requests, but is also a comprehensive document designed to
empower the workforce of today and tomorrow. This remarkable framework is
a testament to HRD Corps’ unwavering commitment to drive excellence in the
industry.
The Industrial Skills Framework serves as a comprehensive guide that not only
identifies the critical skills demanded by industries but also outlines the
pathways to acquire and enhance these skills. It is a roadmap for individuals
seeking to thrive in the modern industrial landscape, and for organisations
aiming to remain competitive by nurturing a skilled workforce.
On behalf of HRD Corp, I thank our industry partners and collaborators for their
effort and commitment in making the IndSF a reality. I also hope that the IndSF
will continue to be the main source of reference for all talents, professionals
and leaders as they seek new opportunities and work together to elevate their
respective industries.

DATUK WIRA DR HAJI RAIS HUSSIN
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
MALAYSIAN RESEARCH ACCELERATOR FOR
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(MRANTI)
Dear Respected Stakeholders,
It is our distinct pleasure to introduce the Industrial Skills Framework in Drone

Technology, a collaborative initiative between agencies like HRD Corp,
Malaysian Research Accelerator for Technology & Innovation (MRANTI) and
Malaysia Aerospace Industry Association (MAIA) and is supported by industry
partners. In today's rapidly evolving industrial landscape, the assimilation of
cutting-edge technologies is vital, and the drone industry stands as a testament
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
to this paradigm shift.
Based on the Malaysia Drone Technology Action Plan 2022-2030 (MDTAP30), the
drone industry in Malaysia is poised to make a substantial impact on Malaysia’s
economy, generating an accumulative RM 50.71 billion in GDP contribution and
facilitating the creation of approximately 100,000 high-value job opportunities
by 2030.
At MRANTI, we acknowledge the pivotal role that drone technology plays in

reshaping industries, enhancing operational efficiency, and unlocking new
possibilities in data analytics and surveillance. This framework underscores our
commitment to nurturing a skilled workforce capable of harnessing the potential
of drones for the benefit of various sectors.
Our partnership with HRD Corp and MAIA exemplifies the strength of
collaboration in driving innovation and meeting the dynamic needs of our
workforce. Together, we aspire to create a comprehensive and dynamic skills
framework aligned with industry demands, ensuring that individuals are well-
equipped with the knowledge and expertise required to excel in the field of
drone technology.
As we embark on this transformative journey, I extend my sincere gratitude to

all stakeholders involved, whose dedication and vision have brought this
initiative to fruition. Together, let us shape a future where our workforce not only
adapts to technological advancements but also leads the way in defining the
future of industries.

4
NAGUIB MOHD NOR
PRESIDENT
MALAYSIA AEROSPACE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
(MAIA)
In a world increasingly shaped by technological advancements and dynamic

industrial landscapes, the significance of a proficient, adaptable, and future-ready
workforce cannot be overstated. As the President of the Malaysia Aerospace
Industry Association (MAIA), I am both humbled and honoured to provide this
Foreword for the Industrial Skills Framework (IndSF) document.
The aerospace industry stands at the forefront of innovation, and its rapid evolution
necessitates an equally agile skills framework. To meet this imperative, we have
meticulously aligned the aerospace skills framework within this document with
today's shopfloor requirements. This attention to detail is not a mere academic
exercise but a practical endeavour to facilitate a clear understanding and
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
fulfilment of industry needs by companies and training organisations alike.
The inspiration for this precise and pertinent framework emanates from globally
recognised standards such as ONET and Skills Future Singapore. Their pioneering
work in defining skills and competence requirements for the 21st century serves as
a beacon, guiding our efforts to shape a curriculum resonant with present and
future demands.
ONET's comprehensive database and Skills Future Singapore's initiatives have

become instrumental in delineating competencies that not only fit today's industrial
landscape, but also envision future trends. Drawing from their methodology and
insights, we have crafted an aerospace skills framework within IndSF that
emphasises practical application, adaptability, and industry readiness.
Our commitment to nurturing a workforce equipped with the requisite skills

transcends mere documentation. It embodies a collective pursuit of excellence, a
roadmap that navigates the complex terrains of industrial transformation. By
aligning the aerospace sector's unique demands with globally acknowledged
competence models, we are ensuring that Malaysia's aerospace industry remains
competitive, innovative, and resilient.
This document is more than a statement of intent; it is a commitment to action, a

testament to our dedication to fostering a skilled, adaptable, and future-ready
workforce. Together, we embark on this transformative journey, confident in our
shared vision and relentless in our pursuit of excellence.
I invite all stakeholders to participate actively in this endeavour. Together, we can

shape a future that reflects our ambitions, values, and unwavering commitment to
industry and human development.

GUIDELINES
This document serves as a guide for
individuals, employers, and training providers
01 on knowledge, experiences, and skills
mastery required in the Drone Technology
industry.
The job matrix serves as a reference for

02 career progression within the industry.
The Industrial Skills Framework for Drone
03 Technology Industry will FOCUS ON Level 4 of

the Malaysian Skill Certification (or its
equivalent) and above.
This document focuses on JOB DESCRIPTIONS,

04 SKILLS AND TRAINING NEEDED in the Drone
Technology Industry.
It is a COMPLEMENTARY DOCUMENT to
existing references developed by the
05 National Occupational Skills Standard (NOSS)
and Malaysian Qualifications Framework
(MQF).
The Industrial Skills Framework document is

not exhaustive and may be reviewed from
06 time to time for continuous improvement,
parallel with the latest changes within the
industry.

About HRD Corp & IndSF
ABOUT
HRD CORP
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
ABOUT
IndSF
Principle

In the 2023 Drone Readiness Index (DRI), Malaysia’s drone industry
ranked in the top spot for Southeast Asia. The Malaysian government
claims the country has tremendous potential to become a significant
player in the global drone market and is expected to reach USD 127
billion by 2025.
Drones are widely used in the country’s agriculture and security

sectors. Palm oil plantations and fruit farms use drones with mapping
and data imaging functions to perform real-time soil and field
analysis. This approach helps farmers grow the healthiest crops by
identifying which plot of land is best for planting, irrigation, and
fertilisation. Drones equipped with near-infrared light can detect pests
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
and plant diseases.
The National Security Council and the Royal Malaysia Police also
employ drones to regulate citizen movement for public safety. Drones
can perform aerial mapping of populations during emergencies. In
2021, Malaysia experienced one of its worst floods ever recorded.
Food and medicine supplies were then delivered by drones to
displaced victims.
Government agencies such as the Malaysia Digital Economy

Corporation (MDEC) have taken on the task of leading the country’s
drone industry. MDEC’s MyDroneTech Initiative aims to increase the
adoption of drone tech in Malaysia by assisting drone companies in
testing products, advocating for supportive policies, and developing
tech talent to analyse drone-captured data.
The Malaysian Research Accelerator for Technology & Innovation

(MRANTI), the secretariat for Malaysia Drone Technology Action Plan
2022–2030, also launched Area57, a centre of excellence to boost the
drone industry in Malaysia. Additionally, the Civil Aviation Authority of
Malaysia (CAAM) unveiled the C-UAS certification and crewed eVTOL
national regulatory sandbox earlier this year to spur industry
innovation while ensuring public safety.

Demographic Information on
Drone Technology Under
HRD Corp
TOTAL
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
No. of Registered Employers 91
Total Levy Claim (RM) 819,315
Financial Assistance (RM) 3,036,779
Training Places 1,321

Top 5 Skill Areas
as of May 2023
1. Engineering
2. Regulation and Safety
3. Operation Management
2023
4. Scientific, Technical or
DRONE TECHNOLOGY Statistics

5. Productivity
1. Operation Management
2. Digitalisation
2022 3. Engineering
4. Safety
5. Regulation and Safety
1. Engineering
2. Safety
2021 3. New or High Technology
4. Digitalisation
5. Aviation

Required Competency Level
(RCL)
Advanced Level Expert

Conceptual Basic Level of Intermediate
of Knowledge in
Knowledge Conceptual Level of
Conceptual a Conceptual
Knowledge Conceptual
Knowledge Topic or Set of
Knowledge
Topics
NONE BASIC INTER ADVANCED EXPERT
0 1 2 3 4
Intermediate Advanced Level Expert Level of

Applied Basic Level of of Applied
Level
Knowledge Applied Conceptual Knowledge +
of Conceptual
Knowledge + Knowledge + Knowledge + Practical
SKILLS Initial Practical Practical Practical Application +
Application Application Application Repetition
LEVEL INDICATOR DESCRIPTION
Denotes a lack of competence in a

0 None
specific area or topic.
Denotes an understanding of fundamentals

1 Basic
and some initial practical application.
Denotes a solid conceptual understanding

2 Intermediate
and some practical application.
Denotes significant conceptual knowledge

and practical experience in performing a
3 Advanced
competency to a consistently high
standard.
Denotes extensive knowledge, refined

skills and prolonged experience in
4 Expert
performing a defined competency at the
highest standards.
HRD Corp, an agency overseen by the Ministry of Human
Resources (MOHR), has collaborated with MAIA and MRANTI to
create IndSF Drone Technology for skills-based industries. In
this inaugural edition, eight job positions have been identified
and are listed below. The documents were then developed
based on the job and skills description, considering the training
programme needs for each job position.
Job Positions Covered
1. Drone Pilot
2. Drone Engineer
DRONE TECHNOLOGY
3. Drone Programmer
4. Drone Controller
5. Drone Technician
6. Drone Consultant
7. Drone Video Analyst
8. Drone Racer
Furthermore, the Required Competency Level (RCL) has been

utilised to categorise competency levels for both soft and
technical skills. This document is intended to serve as a
national reference for individuals, employers, and training
providers regarding the skills and competencies in demand. Its
purpose is to enhance the employability rate in the industry.
The training programmes listed herein are carefully curated

recommendations derived from the expertise of our Subject
Matter Experts (SMEs), denoted by an asterisk (*).

DRONE PILOT
JOB DESCRIPTION
Operate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) safely and proficiently as

per project requirements, including performing pre- and post-flight
checks.
Conduct thorough analysis to optimise drone performance,
endurance, and reliability under various conditions.
Create prototypes and conduct extensive testing to validate design
concepts.
Troubleshoot and resolve issues identified during testing phases.
Work closely with cross-functional teams, including mechanical
engineers, software developers, and project managers.
Collaborate with software engineers to integrate control algorithms,
navigation systems, and automation features into drone software to
ensure seamless communication between hardware and software
components.
Stay abreast of industry regulations and ensure drone designs
comply with local and international aviation standards.
Work with regulatory bodies to obtain necessary certifications for
drone products.
Provide ongoing maintenance and support for drones, including
developing maintenance schedules, performing preventive
maintenance, and documenting maintenance activities.
Generate detailed engineering documentation, including
specifications, schematics, and test reports.
Maintain accurate records of design changes and improvements.
PRE-REQUISITE
Degree in Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering,

Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, or a related field.
Master's Degree preferred.

DRONE PILOT
SKILLS & COMPETENCIES
Table A & B:
Lists of soft skills and technical skills required by drone engineers to
meet the Required Competency Level (RCL) (Refer to page 11)
followed by the training recommendation for each item.
TABLE A: SOFT SKILLS
Competency
Soft Skills Level Recommended Training
Basic communication
Communication 2 training
Teamwork 2 Team building
Decision-making and
Problem-solving 3 conflict solution training
Time management
Time management 2 training
TABLE B: TECHNICAL SKILLS
Competency
Technical skills Level Recommended Training
SKM 2 Certificate of
Basic maintenance 3 Maintenance*
CAAM RCoC-B*
Basic piloting skills 3 Private Pilot Licensing
(PPL)*
Health and safety

Safety and health 3 courses*
Safety and health

management (first 2 First aid training*
responder)
Microsoft Office 3
Basic Microsoft Office
applications course*

DRONE ENGINEER
JOB DESCRIPTION
Operate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) safely and proficiently as

per project requirements, including performing pre- and post-flight
checks.
Develop flight plans considering weather conditions, airspace
restrictions, and safety measures.
Ensure the accuracy and reliability of data collected during drone
operations.
Adhere to all aviation regulations, local laws, and company policies
while staying updated with industry trends, regulations, and
emerging technologies.
Implement safety protocols to mitigate risks and prevent accidents
during drone operations.
Perform routine maintenance checks on drones and related
equipment.
Troubleshoot and address technical issues to ensure the proper
functioning of equipment.
Maintain accurate records of flight logs, mission details, and
equipment maintenance.
Report any incidents or accidents promptly and accurately.
Maintain effective communication with team members, project
managers, and clients.
Provide regular updates on mission progress and address any
concerns or issues promptly.
Participate in ongoing training programmes to enhance skills and
knowledge.
PRE-REQUISITE
Minimum of 2 years continuous experience as a drone pilot or

similar role with a minimum of 50 flying hours.
Possession of a valid drone pilot license or certification is

preferred.

17
DRONE ENGINEER
Table A & B:
Competency
Soft Skills Recommended Training
Level
Problem-solving and On-the-job training / Train
3
troubleshooting skills the trainer*
Strong communication and Communication skills

2
collaboration abilities training
Attention to detail and a 2 On-the-job training

commitment to quality
Knowledge of regulatory
requirements and safety
standards for drone 2 Safety courses*
operations
Ability to analyse and

interpret data from sensors
and make informed 3 Analytical skills training
decisions based on the
results

DRONE ENGINEER
Competency
Technical Skills Recommended Training
Level
Strong knowledge of
aerodynamics, robotics, Degree in Electric and
control systems, and 2
Electronics*
electronics
Proficiency in programming Programming language
languages such as C++, 3
Python, and MATLAB courses*
Experience with drone

hardware components, Drone maintenance
3
sensors, and flight courses*
controllers
Familiarity with software

development for drones, Specific technical
including firmware, 2 training from distributor
navigation algorithms, and / manufacturer
data processing

DRONE
PROGRAMMER

DRONE PROGRAMMER
JOB DESCRIPTION
Design, develop, and implement software systems for controlling and

navigating drones.
Collaborate with cross-functional teams to define software requirements

and specifications.
Develop and optimise flight control algorithms to ensure stability,

accuracy, and safety in drone operations.
Implement sensor fusion techniques for precise navigation and obstacle
avoidance.
Design and implement communication protocols for seamless interaction
between drones and ground control systems.
Ensure robust and secure data transmission for real-time monitoring and
control.
Implement computer vision and machine learning algorithms for object

detection and recognition to enhance drone capabilities.
Optimise software and algorithms for efficient resource utilisation, minimal

power consumption, and real-time performance.
Conduct thorough testing of drone software to identify and resolve bugs,
ensuring reliability and performance.
Collaborate with quality assurance teams to implement effective testing
procedures.
Interface with hardware components such as sensors, cameras, and

actuators to ensure seamless integration with software systems.
Collaborate with hardware engineers to optimise the overall drone system.
Create and maintain comprehensive documentation for all software

development processes, including code, algorithms, and system
architecture.
Keep abreast of the latest developments in drone technology, software
engineering, and related fields.
Propose and implement innovative solutions to enhance drone

capabilities.
PRE-REQUISITE
Bachelor's or Master’s degree in Computer Science, Electrical

Engineering, or a related field.

DRONE
PROGRAMMER
Table A & B:
Competency
Level
Critical thinking and
Problem-solving and
3 problem-solving
troubleshooting skills
methodologies
Strong communication and Communication skills

2
collaboration abilities training
Eagerness to stay updated on
the latest advancements in
drone technology, 3 On-the-job training
regulations, and industry
trends
Competency
Level
CODEX Drone Robotics
Proficiency in programming Workshops*
languages such as C++, 4
Python, and MATLAB Robot Operating System (ROS)
for Aerial Robotics*
Experience with drone
software development kits
(SDKs) and application DIY Multicopter Drone Design,
programming interfaces 4
Build & Flying Workshop*
(APIs), such as DJI SDK, PX4,
or ArduPilot
development Specific technical training
methodologies, version 4
control systems (e.g., GIT), form distributor / manufacturer
and issue tracking tools
CODEX Drone Robotics
Strong understanding of Workshops*
drone hardware Robot Operating System (ROS)
components and their 3
interactions with software for Aerial Robotics*
systems DIY Multicopter Drone Design,
Build & Flying Workshop*

DRONE
CONTROLLER

DRONE CONTROLLER
JOB DESCRIPTION
Meet with clients to understand their requirements, goals, and

challenges by assessing their current operations and identifying
areas where drone technology can provide value.
Design and develop tailored drone solutions that address clients'
specific needs.
Stay updated on drone regulations and guidelines applicable to
the client's industry and geographical location.
Advise clients on legal requirements and help them obtain
necessary licenses and permits for drone operations.
Develop safety protocols and standard operating procedures to
ensure compliance with industry standards.
Conduct training sessions for clients and their staff members on
drone operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting.
Guide data collection, analysis, and interpretation using drone
technology.
Oversee the implementation of drone projects, ensuring they are
delivered on time, within budget, and meet the client's objectives.
Assist clients in analysing and interpreting data collected by
drones by generating comprehensive reports and insights to
support decision-making and process improvements.
PRE-REQUISITE
Over 4 years of experience.

Degree in Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics, Mechatronic and
Aviation, or Aerospace.

24
DRONE CONTROLLER
Table A & B:
Competency
Level
Communication and
Communication 4
business work ethics
Kaizen and work

Meticulous scientific improvement*
mindsets to test new 4
solutions Analytical and
problem solving
Able to read, speak, Advanced English /
write, and understand 4 Malay speaking and
English and Bahasa
Malaysia writing*
Able to learn quickly Critical and

and operate with 4
minimal oversight analytical skills
Prioritise and plan work Project

activities 4
management*

DRONE CONTROLLER
Competency
Level
Knowledge of Mechanical Degree in Mechanical /

/ Aviation, Aerospace / Aviation, Aerospace /
Electrical and 4 Electrical and
Electronics / Mechatronic Electronics /
Mechatronic*
Safety and health Advanced first aid
management 4 training*
Mid-level or higher
understanding of Advanced Office 365
Microsoft Office 4 application*
applications
Able to read, understand Degree in Mechanical /
and interpret technical, Aviation, Aerospace /
mechanical, electronics 4 Electrical and
and radio communication Electronics /
documentation Mechatronics.
Able to write and verify Technical report

technical reports 4 writing*
Able to do resource Basic budgeting

planning for financial and 3 Resource planning
manpower
Performance assessment Performance

3 assessment training

DRONE
TECHNICIAN

DRONE TECHNICIAN
JOB DESCRIPTION
Conduct regular inspections and preventive maintenance on drones to

ensure optimal performance.
Diagnose and repair hardware and software issues promptly.
Keep accurate records of maintenance activities and report any recurring
problems.
Investigate and resolve technical issues related to drone functionality,
sensors, cameras, and communication systems.
Collaborate with other technical teams to address complex problems and
implement effective solutions.
Stay abreast of industry regulations and industry advancements.
Perform software updates and ensure that all drones run the latest
firmware.
Calibrate sensors, GPS, and other components to maintain accuracy and
reliability.
Implement quality control measures to ensure all drones meet industry
standards.
Conduct pre-flight and post-flight checks to verify proper functioning.
Train drone operators on proper usage, troubleshooting techniques, and
safety protocols.
Develop and maintain comprehensive documentation for drone
maintenance procedures.
Work closely with engineering and development teams to provide drone
design and performance feedback.
Collaborate with logistics and operations teams to optimise drone
deployment schedules.
PRE-REQUISITE
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Electrical

Engineering or a related field. Bachelor's degree is preferred.

DRONE TECHNICIAN
Table A & B:
Competency
Communication 2 Work organisation
Kaizen and work

Meticulousness 2 improvement*
Able to read, speak, write, and Basic English / Malay

2
understand English and Malay speaking and writing*
Able to learn quickly and operate Critical and analytical

2
with minimal oversight skills
Competency
Technical Skills Level Recommended Training
Diploma in Mechanical /
Aviation, Aerospace /
Knowledge of Mechanical/Aviation, Electrical and Electronics
Aerospace / Electrical and 2 / Mechatronic or SKM
Electronics / Mechatronic Level 2 Technology
Electric*
Kaizen and work

Safety and health management 2 improvement*
Basic Microsoft Office applications 2 Office 365 application*
Diploma in Mechanical /
Aviation, Aerospace /
Knowledge of electrical principles, Electrical and Electronics
using hand tools and measuring 2 / Mechatronic or SKM
instruments Level 2 Technology
Electric*

DRONE
VIDEO
ANALYST
DRONE
VIDEO ANALYST
JOB DESCRIPTION
Analyse video footage captured by drones using specialised software

and tools.
Identify and track objects, patterns, anomalies, and other relevant data
points within the video data.
Extract valuable insights and observations from the video footage.
Interpret video analysis results and translate them into meaningful and
actionable information.
Prepare clear and concise reports summarising key findings and
observations.
Collaborate with stakeholders to ensure that the insights derived from
the video data are effectively communicated and understood.
Work closely with drone operators, data scientists, and software
engineers to optimise the video capture process and data collection
methods.
Collaborate with data analysts and domain experts to integrate drone
video analysis into broader data analysis initiatives.
Provide technical expertise and guidance to internal teams regarding
best practices and technologies for video analysis.
Keep abreast of advancements in video analysis techniques, drone
technology, and regulatory requirements in the drone industry.
Explore and evaluate emerging technologies and tools to improve drone
video analysis capabilities.
Ensure the accuracy and reliability of drone video analysis through
quality control measures.
Identify opportunities for process improvement and propose innovative
solutions to enhance efficiency and effectiveness.
PRE-REQUISITE
Trained in the basics of drone technology, including the components

of a drone (frame, motors, flight controller, camera, etc.) and flight and
video capture.

DRONE
VIDEO ANALYST
Table A & B:
Competency
Communication and
Communication 3 interpersonal problem-
solving courses
Meticulous and attention to Kaizen and work

2
detail improvement*
Critical thinking and Critical thinking and problem-

2
problem-solving skills solving courses
Adaptability 3 Critical and analytical skills
Time management 3 Time management courses*
Sportsmanship and
3 On-the-job training
integrity
Passion and enthusiasm 4 On-the-job training
Perseverance and
resilience

32
DRONE
VIDE0 ANALYST
Competency
Video editing and analysis Davinci Resolve editing

3
software training
UAV / UAS training
programmes*
Professional drone pilot
Drone operation and 3 certification programmes*
technology Aviation and aerospace
engineering courses*
Flight simulation training*
Computer vision and image
3 OpenCV courses
processing
Statistics and statistical
analysis courses*
Data analysis and
3 Data visualisation courses*
interpretation
Data interpretation courses*
SQL and database courses
GIS and mapping tools 3 Drone mapping courses
Data warehousing courses
Data management and Data storage and
3
storage management courses
Data governance courses
Sensor fusion and Sensor fusion and designing

3
integration courses

DRONE
CONSULTANT

DRONE CONSULTANT
JOB DESCRIPTION
Engage with clients to understand their business objectives and assess

their requirements and constraints thoroughly.
Assess the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating drone
technology into their operations.
Identify areas where drone technology can improve efficiency, reduce
costs, or enhance safety.
Stay abreast of local and international drone regulations.
Advise clients on compliance requirements and assist in obtaining
necessary permits.
Develop safety protocols and standard operating procedures to ensure
compliance with industry standards.
Keep up to date with the latest advancements in drone technology.
Evaluate and recommend appropriate drone platforms, sensors, and
software solutions based on client needs.
Develop project plans and timelines for drone implementation.
Coordinate with internal and external teams to ensure successful
project execution.
Provide training sessions to clients on drone operation, maintenance,
troubleshooting and data analysis.
Create educational materials to enhance client understanding of drone
technology.
Oversee data collection using drones and analyse the obtained data for
actionable insights.
Generate comprehensive reports for clients detailing the impact of
drone technology on their operations.
PRE-REQUISITE
Bachelor's degree in a relevant field (e.g. Aerospace Engineering,

Robotics, Computer Science, Geospatial Sciences).
Proven experience in drone technology, including piloting and

applications in various industries.
In-depth knowledge of drone regulations and compliance requirements.

DRONE CONSULTANT
Table A & B:
Competency
Level
Critical thinking and

Problem-solving and 3 problem solving
troubleshooting skills methodologies
Interpersonal business
Communication and
3 communication and
collaboration abilities teamwork
Attention to detail and a Quality assurance and

commitment to quality 3 quality control*
Knowledge of regulatory
requirements and safety
standards for drone 4 CAAM RCoC-B*
operations.
Experience in managing
drone projects from 4 Project management*
initiation to completion
Knowledge of industry- Industry-specific drone

specific challenges and 4 courses
requirements
Ability to build and maintain

strong relationships with 3
Procurement management
clients, vendors, and courses
stakeholders

36
DRONE CONSULTANT
Competency
In depth understanding of
Specific technical training
drone platforms, sensors,
4 from distributor /
software and their application manufacturer
across various industries
Proficiency in programming
languages such as C++, 1 Programming language*
Python, and MATLAB
Specific technical training

Experience with drone from distributor /
hardware components, 3 manufacturer
sensors, and flight controllers
CAAM RCoC-B*

development for drones, Specific technical training
including firmware, 3 from software distributor /
navigation algorithms, and manufacturer
data processing

DRONE RACER

DRONE RACER
JOB DESCRIPTION
Utilise advanced piloting skills to control racing drones, manoeuvre through

racecourses, and execute challenging aerial manoeuvres with precision and
speed.
Prepare racing drones for competition by configuring flight controllers,

optimising performance, and ensuring all equipment is in top working
condition.
Develop and execute effective race strategies, including selecting optimal

racing lines, taking advantage of track features, and making split-second
decisions to maximise speed and performance.
Quickly identify and address technical issues with racing drones, including
troubleshooting flight control systems, motors, and other components to
maintain peak performance during races.
Continuously improve skills through regular training and practice sessions,

experimenting with different racing techniques, and staying updated with the
latest trends and innovations in drone racing.
Adhere to safety protocols and regulations during races to ensure the well-
being of other racers, spectators, and property. Follow local aviation
regulations and guidelines for drone operation.
Participate in local, regional, national, and international drone racing events,

representing a team and competing with a focus to achieve top rankings and
podium finishes.
Perform regular maintenance and repairs on racing drones, including

replacing damaged components, updating firmware, and ensuring the
equipment’s overall reliability and performance.
Engage with the drone racing community by attending events, collaborating

with other racers, sharing knowledge and experiences, and promoting the
sport through social media or other channels.
Establish relationships with sponsors, promote their brands through racing

activities, and represent sponsor’s interests professionally.
PRE-REQUISITE
Experience in flying remote-controlled (RC) aircraft and controlling a

vehicle in three-dimensional space is crucial.
Trained in handling basic components of a drone, including frame, motors,

propellers, flight controller, and electronic speed controllers (ESCs).
Basic understanding of aerodynamics and how it applies to drone flight.
Understand how FPV systems work. This includes the FPV camera, video
transmitter, receiver, and goggles. Trained in the different frequency bands
and channels used in FPV racing.

DRONE RACER
Table A & B:
Competency
Level
Communication and
Communication 3 interpersonal problem
solving courses
Meticulous and attention 2 Kaizen and work

to detail improvement*
Critical thinking and Critical thinking and
3
problem-solving skills problem-solving courses
Adaptability 3 Critical and analytical skills
Time management 3 Time management courses*
Sportsmanship and 3
integrity On-the-job training
Passion and enthusiasm 4 On-the-job training
Perseverance and
resilience

40
DRONE RACER
Technical Skills Competency Recommended Training

Level
Drone piloting 4 Drone racing licenses*

UAV / Drones training
Flight controller 4 programmes*
configuration Aviation and aerospace
engineering programmes*
Drone tuning 4 UAV / Drones training

programmes*
UAV / Drones training
Propeller selection 4 programmes*
Aviation and aerospace
engineering programmes*
Drone pilot certification
programmes*
Battery management 3 DIY electronics and drone
building courses
Manufacturer-specific
resources
UAV / UAS training
programmes*
Video transmission Professional drone pilot
3
systems certification programmes.
Digital imaging and signal
processing courses*
Electronics and electrical
engineering courses*
Manufacturer-specific
Technical 3 training
troubleshooting General troubleshooting
courses
DIY drone building and
repair workshops
Sports event management
courses
Racing software and Timing system
4 Manufacturers
timing systems
Networking and IT courses
DIY electronics and Arduino
/ Raspberry Pi projects
Knowledge of racing
regulations 3 Aviation law courses*

42
ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS
(*) Certification Programmes
CAAM CAAM Remote Pilot Certificate

RCoC-B of Competency Basic
PPL Private Piloting License
ROS Robot Operating Systems
CODEX Programming Language
UAV / UAS Unmanned Aircraft System
SQL Structured Query Language
43
SOURCES
Internal Data by HRD Corp, 2022 - 2023.
https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/malaysia-
aerospace-and-defense-drone-market-taking
DRONE TECHNOLOGY

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FIRST

PEMBANGUNAN SUMBER MANUSIA BERHAD (PSMB)

Wisma HRD Corp, Jalan Beringin, Bukit Damansara, 50490 Kuala

Tel: 1800 88 4800

All Rights Reserved © 2023. PEMBANGUNAN SUMBER MANUSIA BERHAD

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

Foreword by Datuk Wira Shahul Dawood

4. Foreword by Datuk Wira Dr Haji Rais Hussin

5. Foreword by Naguib Mohd Nor

7. About HRD Corp & IndSF............................................................................ 7

8. Skills Information........................................................................................ 8-10

9. Required Competency Levels (RCL)........................................................ 11

10. IndSF Drone Technology............................................................................ 12-42

b. Drone Engineer...................................................................................... 16-19

c. Drone Programmer................................................................................ 20-22

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY

10 d. Drone Controller............................................................................. 23-26

e. Drone Technician........................................................................... 27-29

f. Drone Video Analyst........................................................................ 30-33

g. Drone Consultant............................................................................ 34-37

h. Drone Racer.................................................................................... 38-41

11 List of Abbreviations & Symbols......................................................... 43

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY

The Industrial Skills Framework in Drone Technology for Malaysia has

The Industrial Skills Framework in Drone Technology has been

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 1

MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ SALLEH

DR SYED OMAR SYED MOHAMAD

DRONE TECHNOLOGY CAPT. EME ARIZAL

MOHD FITRI REZA MOHD NOOR

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 2

As the custodian of Malaysia’s human capital development efforts, HRD Corp

For these reasons, I am immensely proud to introduce to you the Industrial

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 3

Dear Respected Stakeholders,

It is our distinct pleasure to introduce the Industrial Skills Framework in Drone

At MRANTI, we acknowledge the pivotal role that drone technology plays in

As we embark on this transformative journey, I extend my sincere gratitude to

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY

In a world increasingly shaped by technological advancements and dynamic

ONET's comprehensive database and Skills Future Singapore's initiatives have

Our commitment to nurturing a workforce equipped with the requisite skills

This document is more than a statement of intent; it is a commitment to action, a

I invite all stakeholders to participate actively in this endeavour. Together, we can

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 5

The job matrix serves as a reference for

The Industrial Skills Framework for Drone

03 Technology Industry will FOCUS ON Level 4 of

This document focuses on JOB DESCRIPTIONS,

The Industrial Skills Framework document is

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 6

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 7

Drones are widely used in the country’s agriculture and security

Government agencies such as the Malaysia Digital Economy

The Malaysian Research Accelerator for Technology & Innovation

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 8

Tot﻿al Levy Claim (RM) 819,315

Financial A﻿ssistance (RM) 3,036,779

Training Places 1,321

INDSF DRONE TECHNOLOGY 9

Total Levy Claim (RM) 819,315

Financial Assistance (RM) 3,036,779