Title: Arial, 16pts and left aligned, bold.

(must identify the main topic of the article,

specific and concise not verbose, no abbreviations, scientific names must be
introduced and should avoid redundancies i.e. A study of… An experimental
Investigation of…)

Authors: Arial, 12pts, left aligned, bold

Address of the Authors: Name of the Department, Centro Escolar Las Piñas
(Ex: Senior High School, Centro Escolar Las Piñas
Pillar Village, Las Piñas City

Abstract. It is the executive summary of the paper,

KEYWORDS: usually 200-250 words (<5% of your paper), 1 paragraph
and single space. It usually follows the SPMRC Model
Function to where the first statement (may add 2nd statement) is the
supplement the statement or background of the study, second statement is
information given
in the title
the principal purpose or objectives/rationale of the study,
Serve as additional followed by methods, results (major findings) and
pointers conclusion stating the implications/significance of the
Not found in the title findings. The Abstract should be less technical than the
At least 5 keywords paper itself, no citations, footnotes, abbreviations,
acronyms, tables and figures. Do not paste sections taken
from the main text. The Abstract is self-contained which
means it could be published separately in the abstract
compilation or databases. Do not repeat information in the
title. Write mostly in the past tense except S and C. It is
best to write AFTER the paper is complete.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page …………

………………………………………………………. i
Approval Sheet
…………………………………………………………. ii

Certificate of Originality
………………………………………………………………………. iii

Acknowledgement
…………………………………………………………………………. iv

Abstract
…………………………………………………………………. v

Table of Contents
…………………………………………………………. vi

Introduction

Background of the Study

…………………………………………………. 1
Related Literatures and Studies

Statement/Objectives of the Problem

Hypothesis of the Study

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation

Definition of Terms

Methodology

Research Method and Design

…………………………………………………………... 4

Research Locale

Research Participants

Sampling Technique

Data Gathering Procedure

Research Instrument

Data Analysis
Results and Discussions

Results of Data
………………………………………………………………………. 5

Discussion

Conclusions

Recommendations

References
…………………………………………………………………………….10

Appendices

Appendix A: Written Letters

……………………………………………………………………………. 20

Appendix B: Research Instruments

Instrument Validation

Pilot Testing Test Result

Reliability Test Results

Google Form

Appendix C: Raw Data

Tabulation of Data

Appendix D: Evaluation Form

Appendix E: Curriculum Vitae

 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Many experts think that students' engagement with teachers can be

increased by using technology, comparing the latest gadgets with the outdated

textbooks. Every student's life has by now properly integrated with technology. As a

result, when people use familiar devices, they feel considerably more comfortable

and effective (ChargeTech, 2023).

The increasing commonness of gadgets in daily life has sparked significant

interest in their impact on academic performance, particularly among students (View

of the Impact of Gadgets on Student Learning Outcomes: A Case Study in Indonesia

Junior High School Students, 2024). This study investigates how the use of

smartphones, tablets, and other devices affects students' learning, focus, and overall

academic performance. The researchers aim to shed light on the role of gadgets in

shaping educational outcomes and provide insights for educators and parents on

managing technology in academic settings.

The effects of gadget usage on students typically involves examining the

increasing commonness of digital devices (such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops)

in educational and social contexts. It includes a review of how these gadgets have

become essential tools for learning, communication, and entertainment, leading to

changes in students’ behavior, academic performance, attention spans, and social

interactions. (Animationxpress, 2021)

● Non-honor Students - Students who have Final Average of 89% and below.

● Technology - Machinery and equipment developed from the application of

scientific knowledge.

● Technological Advancements - A continuous process of innovation,

improvement, and integration of new tools in technology.

Research Participants

The participants in this study are drawn from the Junior High School

department, a total of 287 students: 67 from Grade 7, 65 from Grade 8, 71 from Grade

9, and 84 from Grade 10. Of these, approximately 130 are non-honor students. The

researchers selected 8 students from each grade, yielding a sample of 32

respondents, which represents 24.5% of the non-honor student population.

Sampling Technique

The sampling techniques implemented by the researchers are the convenience

sampling and purposive sampling. According to the book Practical Research 2 For

Senior High School (Revised ed.), These sampling techniques are non-probability and

are non-experimental. Convenience sampling, also called accidental or incidental

sampling, is a technique where you choose individuals who are readily available to

participate instead of selecting them randomly or systematically. Purposive sampling

involves handpicking the respondents who are suitable for your study. It is also called

judgmental sampling.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers used Google Forms as the primary data collection tool to

gather information from non-honor students in the Junior High School Department of

Centro Escolar Las Piñas. The participants were provided with an online survey

designed to collect data on three (3) key areas: demographic information, academic

performance, and gadget usage. To ensure the integrity of the data collected, the

researchers commit to the following guidelines: (1) it is essential to confirm that

participants are fully informed about the purpose and nature of the study and that their

agreement is given voluntarily. (2) Researchers must ensure that participants' privacy

is protected and that the data they submit is kept confidential. (3) Researchers are
responsible for ensuring that study participants are not harmed. This includes physical,

psychological, and emotional harm. (4) The study should be fair and equal, and all

volunteers should receive the same treatment regardless of their gender, race,

ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. (5) Researchers must ensure that the study is

conducted in an honest and open manner.

Research Instrument

In order to gather data from respondents, the researchers utilized survey

questionnaires administered via google forms. This tool was chosen as the primary

means of data collection to gather responses from participants efficiently and remotely.

Designed to a same set of questions to collect information from respondents (libretext,

2021). The survey comprises 9 questions with 2 sub-questions. It gathers information

on respondents' demographic details, gadget usage habits, and academic

performance, all relevant to the study. The questions are designed in formats such as

Likert scale, multiple choice, and yes or no responses. The data collected from the

survey was analyzed using Microsoft Power BI, Microsoft Excel, and Google Sheets.

The data collection involved a process involving using a single set of survey

questionnaires for the non-honor students. The set developed by the researchers with

the approval of the advisor for Practical Research 2. Pre-testing was not conducted

due to limited circumstances.

Statistical Treatment

In this study, the data were gathered on two main variables: gadget usage and

academic performance which were both measured using a Likert scale. Likert scale

consists of a statement or question, followed by a range of response options. It is

commonly used as a rating scale designed to assess an individual's opinion, attitude,

or behavior in a structured manner (Bhandari & Nikolopoulou, 2020).

The researchers utilized central tendency to analyze the data that was gathered

from the non-honor students of the Junior High School Department. According to

Hayes (2024), central tendency focuses on the average or middle values of data sets.
Furthermore, the researchers employed two (2) measurements of central tendency

together with weighted mean, and frequency distribution.

Figure 3. Central Tendency Measurement

Weighted Mean. It is a formula that distributes different levels of priority to the

values in a given data collection (Ganti, 2024). The weighted mean was employed to

analyze the effect of gadget usage on students’ academic performance since it allows

researchers to assign different weights to the responses.

Figure 4. Weighted Mean Formula

Frequency Distribution Table. It is a graphical or tabular illustration of the

number of observations made within a certain time frame. The frequency is the number
of times a value occurs within an interval, whereas the distribution is the variable's

frequency pattern (Young, 2024).

In addition, data was also analyzed using online software programs. The

researchers used Microsoft Excel to count and calculate the responses, providing

them the weighted mean for each survey question. These analytical methods helped

the researchers determine the effects of gadget usage on non-honor students’

academic performance whether positive or negative, in the Junior High School

Department.

Chapter 3

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Gadget Usage

Numerous studies have demonstrated a significant association between

excessive gadget usage and negative academic outcomes. For instance, (Othman,

Suhaidi, & Jamaludin, 2020) found that increased time spent on electronic devices

was linked to poorer academic performance among secondary school students.

Additionally, (Barotun Mabaroh & Lilik Sugianti, 2021) found that excessive gadget
use can lead to increased gadget dependency, poor health, and overall diminished

academic achievement.

Students have been shown to benefit greatly from the use of technology in the

classroom. Children can visit instructional websites and obtain comprehensive

information on the necessary subject. Technology improves things since it gives

people access to a variety of information and can be highly helpful for study and

improved understanding. Teaching has undergone a better revolution thanks to visual

aids, instructional videos, interactive programs, learning tutorials, and a wide range of

publications that are constantly available online. Children pick up modern tools and

methods on their own. Children who play educational games do better in school. Since

they can offer a variety of online tests, tutorials, and brainstorming exercises. (Sundus

M, 2017)

The results suggest that students enjoy the usage of gadgets since they are

convenient and easy to use. However, there have been a few negative impacts of

gadget use on children's social lives, health, speech delays, and cognitive abilities,

which may eventually have an impact on their education. Children's learning, writing,

and reading could possibly be affected by excessive device use. Children who spend

too much time on technology are less likely to acquire and comprehend basic ideas in

the classroom, which might have an impact on their overall intellectual abilities. (Zain,

Jasmani, Haris, &, Nurudin, 2022)

Academic Performance

Academic performance measures a student's achievements in various

subjects. Teachers and education officials typically assess these achievements

through evaluating classroom performance, and standardized test results (Academic

Performance, 2021).

Students’ academic performance is important, reflecting the knowledge,

competencies, and attitudes they have cultivated throughout their education.

Moreover, it is widely recognized that academic performance determines most

students’ success in future employment opportunities (Mappadang, Khusaini, Sinaga,

& Elizabeth, 2022).

According to Narad and Abdulah (2019), academic performance refers to the

knowledge attained and designated by marks, assigned by teacher. Academic

performance of students is the center around which the whole education system

revolves. A review by Brew, E. A., Nketiah, B., & Koranteng, R. (2021) looks at factors

that affect Senior High School students' academic performance, including truancy,

parental education, income, and access to resources. It signifies the importance of

regularly monitoring these factors to help improve student outcomes and support their

education.

Non-honor Students

Research shows that non-honor students may be more susceptible to the

negative effects of gadget usage on their academic performance. The findings indicate

that low-achieving students tend to have lower self-control and are more easily

distracted by mobile phones, whereas high achievers can maintain focus in the

classroom regardless of mobile phone policies. Restricting mobile phones use results

standardized test scores increased by about over 14% for low-achieving students, and

6% on average (Beland & Murphy, 2016).

On the other hand, one research shows a smart class learning environment

benefits further high achievers students in rural areas as well as low achievers
compared to the traditional method of teaching (Jena, 2013). A smart classroom is a

digital learning environment that is quickly changing how teachers teach and students

learn by incorporating technology in innovative and impactful ways such as an

interactive whiteboard.

Overall, the studies indicate that the impact of gadget usage on non-honor

students' academic performance is still a complex topic that requires further

investigation and targeted interventions.

Hypothesis

There are no effects to the academic performance of non-honor students due

to Gadget usage.

Assumption

Non-honor junior high school students who limit their gadget usage to specific

times of the day perform better academically compared to those who have unrestricted

access to gadgets.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results of Data

Discussion

Conclusion

Recommendations

Data Analysis
The data collected by the researchers have been analyzed using correlation
analysis, according to Gell (2023), this is a statistical method that identifies the
strength of relationships between two variables. This method will assist the
researchers in identifying the connection between the two variables; the usage
of gadgets and its connection between the academic performance of the non-
honor junior high school students.
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APPENDICES

Appendix A: Written Letters

Appendix B: Research Instrument

INFORMED CONSENT

(for the Participant)

I, _________________________ (name – optional), read the provided information, or

it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask questions about it and any
questions I have been asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I understand
that I will be given a copy of this form, and the researcher will keep another copy on
file. I consent voluntarily to be a participant in this study.

I have understood the nature of this study and wish to participate.

________________________________________
Signature of Participant

SURVEY QUESTIONS

Section 1: Demographic Information

1. Grade Level:

• Grade 7
• Grade 8
• Grade 9
• Grade 10

---

Section 2: Gadget Usage Habits

2. Do you set limits on your gadget usage during school days?

• Yes
• No

3. How many hours per day do you spend using gadgets (phone, tablet, computer,
etc.)?

• Less than 1 hour

• 1-2 hours
• 3-4 hours
• 5-6 hours
• More than 6 hours

4. For what activities do you mainly use your gadgets? (Check all that apply)

• Social Media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, TikTok)

• Watching videos/movies (e.g., YouTube, Netflix)
• Gaming
• Schoolwork/Research
• Chatting/Communication
• Others (please specify): _______

Section 3: Academic Performance and Gadget Usage

5. What is your average grade?

• 85-87%
• 80-84%
• 75-79%
• 74% below

6. How often do you participate in class?

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

7. How does your gadget usage affect your school performance?

• Positively (I feel it helps me study/complete assignments)
• Negatively (It hinders me from schoolwork)
• Both
• No effect

---------- SUB QUESTIONS:

*If positively (check all that applies)
• Access to information
• Enhanced learning tools
• Collaboration and communication
• Skill development
• Organization and Productivity

*If negatively (Check all that applies)

• Distraction (Apps divert my attention from studying and classwork)
• Reduced Focus (Constant notifications and multitasking capabilities)
• Dependency
• lack of sleep (due to gadget usage)

8. How often do you find yourself distracted by gadgets while studying or doing
schoolwork?

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

9. Do you believe you perform better academically when you limit your gadget usage?

• Yes (I perform better when I limit my usage)

• No (there’s no noticeable difference)

Appendix C: Raw Tables and Graphs

Tabulation of Data

Appendix D: Evaluation Form

Appendix E: Curriculum Vitae