Trend Task 1

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Graphs with a trend

Paragraph 1 Introduction: Explain in your own words what the graph(s), table(s), or
diagram(s) is showing

Paragraph 2 Overview: In general terms, tell what main/interesting features are.

Body 1/2 Explain these features in detail.


Paragraph 3 & 4 If you have numbers, this is a good place to include them.
Use two body paragraphs if you have two graphs/tables/diagrams.
PARAPHRASE THE QUESTION Introduction
shows information The bar chart shows information about fiction book sales from
2006 to 2010. Write a report of at least 150 words summarising
illustrates data the main details and making comparisons where necessary.

demonstrates information

highlights data

gives information

provides data

presents data

From … to…
Percent
Between … and
Percentage
Over the period of The bar chart presents data about sales of different types of
Proportion fiction books over the period from 2006 to 2010.
Over the span of
Introduction – Structure
shows information

illustrates data
The line graph(s)
demonstrates information

The bar chart(s) highlights data about

gives information
The pie chart(s) provides data

presents data
PRACTICE
Introduction Sample
The bar chart presents data about sales
of different types of fiction books over the
period from 2006 to 2010.
OVERVIEW
Overview – structure
Overall, …

❖ What stands out from the chart is that S+V+O


❖ Another interesting point is that
❖ It is clear from the graph that
❖ As can be seen,…
❖ As is highlighted in the graph,
❖ It can be clearly seen that…
❖ It is noticeable that..
❖ In general,
❖ The most striking feature from the graph is that
How to write an OVERVIEW with
different structures

● The number of books sold dropped considerably.

● There was a considerable drop in the number of books sold.

● The number of books sold saw a considerable drop.


PRACTICE
Overview Sample
Overall, book sales of all kinds of fiction
book fluctuated during the period, while
romance and mystery books were much more
popular than sci-fi, classics, or young adult ones.
Describing trends - Vocabulary & Word order
Switching between VERBS & NOUNS
to vary your writing

See
Experience
Witness
Undergo
Review
Vocabulary to show the changes
Trends Verb form Noun Form
rise / increase / go up / rocket(ed) / climb / a rise / an increase / an upward trend / a
Increase upsurge / soar/ shot up/ improve/ jump/ leap/ growth / a leap / a jump / an improvement/ a
move upward/ skyrocket/ soar/ surge. climb.

fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge /


a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a downward
drop / reduce / collapse / deterioriate/ dip / dive
Decrease / go down / take a nosedive / slum / slide / go
trends /a downward tendency / a decline/ a
drop / a slide / a collapse / a downfall.
into free-fall.

unchanged / level out / remain constant / remain


Steadiness steady / plateau / remain the same / remain a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/ a static
stable / remain static

Gradual an upward trend / an upward tendency / a


increase ------------ ceiling trend
Review
Vocabulary to show the changes

Trends Verb form Noun Form


Gradual a downward trend / a downward
decrease ------------ tendency / a descending trend

level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant /


remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed) stable /
Standability/ prevail(ed) consistency / plateaued /
Flat reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed) uniform No change, a flat, a plateau.
/immutable / level(ed) out/ stabilize/
remain(ed) the same.

Rapid ups and wave / fluctuate / oscillate / vacillate / wave/ fluctuations / oscillations /
downs palpitate vacillations / palpitations
Review
Vocabulary to show the changes

Type of Change Adverb form Adjective form


dramatically / rapidly / sharply / dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick /
quickly / hurriedly / speedily / swiftly / hurried / speedy / swift /
Rapid change significantly/ considerably / significant / considerable /
substantially / noticeably substantial / noticeable

Moderate moderately / gradually / progressively / moderate / gradual / progressive /


change sequentially. sequential.

Steady change steadily/ ceaselessly. steady/ ceaseless.


Review -
Vocabulary to show the changes

Great change / Huge difference: Medium change / Moderate


difference:
Adjectives Adverbs
Adjectives Adverbs
Overwhelming Overwhelmingly
Substantial Substantially Somewhat Somewhat
Enormous Enormously Moderate
Moderately

Minor change / Small difference:


Big change / Big difference:
Adjectives Adverbs
Adjectives Adverbs
Fractional Fractionally
Significant Significantly
Marginal Marginally
Considerable Considerably
Slight Slightly
Review - Verbs

See Saw

Experience Experienced

Witness Witnessed

Undergo Underwent

Predict Predicted

Expect Expected

Forecast Forecasted
Structures for describing trends

There + be + a/an + ADJ + N + in + data of the category + prep + time

Ex. There was a significant growth in the number of visitors in Vietnam in 2020

A/an + ADJ + N + can be + seen / illustrated/ shown… + in + data of the category


+ prep + time

Ex. A significant growth can be seen in the number of visitors in Vietnam in 2020

Data of the category + experience(d)/ witness(ed)… + a/an + ADJ + N + prep + time

Ex. The number of visitors in Vietnam experienced a significant growth in 2020


Structures for describing trends
Data of the category + V + ADV + prep + time

Ex. The number of visitors in Vietnam decreased significantly in 2020

There + be + a/an + ADJ + N (downward trend) + in + data of the category + prep + time ,
followed by + a/an + ADJ + N ( upward trend)

Ex. There was a significant decrease in the number of visitors in Vietnam in 2020, followed by a
dramatic growth in 2021

Data of the category + experience(d)/ witness(ed)… + a/an + ADJ + N ( upward trend) + prep + time + before
hitting a free + N (downward trend) + time

Ex. The number of visitors in Vietnam experienced a significant growth in 2020 before hitting a free all in 2021
Important Prepositions
• Stand at / start at + number / proportion
• At about / at around + number / proportion
At • V + at -> fall at 5 %

• V + by + number/ proportion -> increased by 10%


• Used to express total amount of an increase or decrease
By

• V + to + number/ proportion -> reached to 98%


• Used to express the ending point of an increase or decrease
To
Words/ Phrases of
Approximation

» Approximately » Just over

» Nearly » Just under

» Roughly » Just around

» Almost » Just about

» About » Just below

» Around » A little more than

» More or less » A little less than.


PRACTICE

Body Sample
The most sold book in 2006 was romance, with sales of
around $82 million. Moreover, in the next year this
figure went up dramatically to almost $115 million, but
then dropped even further in 2008 to just over $70
million. After that, romance books sales climbed steadily to
about $83 million by 2010. Mystery books had a similar
trend. After climbing from just over $60 million to slightly
more than $80 million between 2006 and 2007, mystery
sales dropped sharply to just over $50 million in 2008 and
then fluctuated slightly around this level.

Sci-fi was the least popular type in all years, with sales
figures below $20 million, except for the last year where
classics sold less than $10 million. Classics and young
adult had similar sales figures in the middle
years, although in the first and last year young adult books
were approximately twice as popular as classics.
Model essay (Basic)

The bar chart presents data about sales of different types of fiction
books over the period from 2006 to 2010.

Overall, book sales of all kinds of fiction book fluctuated during the
period, while romance and mystery books were much more
popular than sci-fi, classics, or young adult ones.

The most sold book in 2006 was romance, with sales of around $82
million. Moreover, in the next year this figure went up
dramatically to almost $115 million, but then dropped even
further in 2008 to just over $70 million. After that, romance books
sales climbed steadily to about $83 million by 2010. Mystery
books had a similar trend. After climbing from just over $60
million to slightly more than $80 million between 2006 and 2007,
mystery sales dropped sharply to just over $50 million in 2008 and
then fluctuated slightly around this level.

Sci-fi was the least popular type in all years, with sales figures
below $20 million, except for the last year where classics sold less
than $10 million. Classics and young adult had similar sales
figures in the middle years, although in the first and last year
young adult books were approximately twice as popular as
classics.
Model essay (Advanced)
The bar charts illustrates sales information for five categories of
fiction books over the five-year period from 2006 to 2010.

Overall, sales of romance and mystery novels far exceeded those of


young adult, classics, and sci-fi, although sales of all types
experienced fluctuations throughout the duration.

Romance and mystery books both had significant spikes in sales


from 2006 to 2007, increasing from $82 million and $61 million to
$114 million and $81 million respectively. Similarly, both had
major drops in the following year. However, whereas mystery
books continued to decline in popularity in 2009, romance novels
began to steadily grow in sales and finished the period slightly
above its sales in the initial year, while mystery sales in 2010 were
slightly under what they had been at the beginning.

At the other end of the scale, sci-fi books were the least popular
throughout the period, except for the final year where classics
slumped to a low of just $10 million in sales, while sci-fi sales
figures were approximately $15 million at this point. Finally,
although classics and young adult were about equally popular in
the middle years, with sales of around $30 million (2007), $20
million (2008) and $25 million (2009), in 2006 and 2010 the
classics were outsold by young adult novels by a ratio of
approximately two to one.
HOMEWORK
The graph shows the percentage of female members of Parliament in European
countries between 2000 and 2012.
Write a report of at least 150 words summarising the main details and making
comparisons where necessary.
HOMEWORK
The line graph shows TV news viewing figures over a one-year period.
Write a report of at least 150 words summarising the main details and making
comparisons where necessary.
Model essay (Basic)

The graph indicates the changes in the percentage of Parliament


members who were women in some countries in Europe over the years
from 2000 to 2012.

Overall, the percent of women in each Parliament increased by different


amounts over the period shown in the graph.

In 2000, Germany had the highest percentage of women in its


Parliament with a third of the total and this figure had grown slightly to
about 37% by 2012. Italy was in second place with around 27% of female
Parliament members, although by 2012 Italy had the largest percentage
at around 39%. France’s percentage also increased steadily from a
quarter in 2000 to almost a third by 2012.

As for Belgium, about one-sixth of its Parliament members were women


in 2000 and this climbed to almost a quarter by 2008. However, after
that it fell a little to about 23% by 2012. Finally, the UK had by far the
lowest percentage of women in its Parliament in 2000 at only around 3
percent. Nevertheless, over the next twelve years this figure grew
significantly and by 2012 it was at the same level as Belgium. (183 words)
Model essay (Advanced)

The graph provides an outline of the proportion of female


Parliamentarians in a selection of European nations over the period
from 2000 to 2012.

Broadly speaking, it is evident that the number of female MPs increased


over the duration, although there were major differences in the size of
the changes.

The most dramatic increase occurred in the UK where the percentage of


women in Parliament went from being by far the lowest (3%) to
approximately 23% in 2012. Belgium also had a figure of 23% in 2012
although their growth was a lot more subdued, beginning the period at
around 16% and even falling by a few percentage points between 2008
and 2012.

The country with the highest level of female representation in 2000 was
Germany at around one-third, and this figure grew slightly to around
37% by 2012. However, in 2012 Italy was now the country with the
greatest proportion of women in Parliament at around 39% after
climbing substantially from around 27% in 2000. Finally, France also
experience steady growth, rising from a quarter in 2000 to just under a
third by the conclusion of the period. (189 words, band 9)
Model essay (Basic)

The line graph indicates the changes in the number of people who
watched the news on Channel One over the period of a year. The news
is shown at 1pm, 6pm, and 9 30pm, while a new news show at 11pm
began on May the 1st.

Overall, the 6pm show usually received the most views, although the
11pm show was watched more in August. Moreover, during August the
9 30pm show plummeted in viewer numbers, passing the 1pm show to
become the least watched version of the news.

At the beginning of the year, the 6pm show received almost 5 million
viewers, which was the highest number for any show throughout the
period. After that, viewer numbers fluctuated with an overall
downward trend, and they reached a low in August of around 3.2
million. At this time, the 1130pm news reached its peak of just over 4m
viewers after only having around 200000 when it began at the start of
May. However, while the 6pm news ended the period at its August-level,
the 1130pm news dropped sharply to slightly over 1m viewers.

With regard to the 9 30pm news, its figures climbed steadily until May
then plunged to a low of around 1m in May when the 11 00pm news
began. From then on, it grew significantly to about 3m in
December. Finally, the 1pm show remained stable over the year at about
1.3m views per day. (230 words)
Model essay (Advanced)

The line graph provides information about the ratings for a news show that
aired on Channel One at four different times during the day: 1pm, 6pm,
9 30pm, and 11pm. The latter edition was implemented at the beginning of May.

A broad assessment reveals that although the 6pm news was the most popular
show, its viewer numbers decreased over the year and were briefly overtaken in
August by the 11pm news. Furthermore, the increase in popularity of the 11pm
show saw a corresponding decline in the 9 30pm version, while the 1pm show’s
viewership was stable and generally the lowest.

Firstly, the 9 30pm show’s viewers grew steadily from 3.2 million in January to
about 3.8 million in May, but then sank rapidly to become the least-watched
version by August, with just over a million views. Meanwhile, after starting in
May with only approximately 200000 watchers, the 11 30pm news soared to
fractionally more than 4m views in August, making it the most-viewed show at
this time. Nevertheless, after this surge in ratings, watchers of the latest show
shrank dramatically to become the least popular show with slightly under a
million views per day, which was just under the 1pm show’s 1.2 million
consistent views.

As for the 6pm show, despite being the most popular, its figures fluctuated with
an overall decline so that by August it had around three and a quarter million
viewers, down from 4.8 million in January. It rebounded to 4 million daily
views in September but then continued its general slide, finishing with around
3.2 million people watching it on a daily basis. (257 words)

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