Numerical for practice

1. A first order reaction A B is carried out in a reactor. The volume of reactor is 1.5m 3. The inlet feed
rate is 1.5m /min. The rate constant of the reaction is 0.8 min-1.The steady state concentration is 0.63kmol/m3.
3

The inlet concentration of the reactant is subjected to step change of 0.6kmol/m 3.

Calculate the concentration of the product at t=0.5 min, t=1 min, t=1.5min and t= 3 min.

2. Derive an expression for transfer function of liquid level tank and discuss transient response of the first order
system to step function.

3. An aqueous solution in a tank is heated by coil. The density and the specific heat of solution is 1000 kg/m 3 and
4kJ/kgoC respectively. The feed rate is 1m3/min and volume of the tank is 1.5m3.The power supplied to the
heating coil is varied sinusoidally between 50kW to 60kW with a 38 sec/cycle period of oscillation and is
oscillatory about the average power of 55kW.The steady state temperature of the solution is 60oC.
Calculate
(i) Maximum and minimum temperature of the solution and the outlet temperature at t=35sec, t=60sec
(ii) Amplitude ratio,
(iii) Phase lag.

4. What is feedback control system? Explain the components of control System.

5. Derive transfer function of two interacting liquid level tanks and Explain Effect of interaction on step response
of two tank system.

6. Two non interacting tanks are connected in series as shown in figure 5-(a). The time constants are τ 2= 1
and τ 1=0.5; R2 = 1. Sketch the response of the level in tank 2 if a unit-step change is made in the inlet flow rate to
tank 1.

figure

7. The two tank liquid level shown in figure is operating at steady state when a step change is made in the
flow to tank1 .The transient response in critically damped, and it takes 1 min for the change level in second tank
to reach 50 % of total change. If the ratio of the cross sectional areas o the tanks is A 1/A2 = 2, find R1/R2.
Calculate the time constant for each tank. How long does it take for the change in level of the first tank to reach
90% of total change?

figure

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8. A tank having a time constant of 1 min and a resistance of 1/9 ft/cfm is operating at steady state with an inlet
flow of 10ft3/min. At time t = 0, the flow is suddenly increased to 100 ft 3/min for 0.1 min by adding an additional 9
ft3 of water to the tank uniformly over a period of 0.1 min. Plot the response in tank level and compare with the
impulse response.

9. A thermometer is observed to exhibit the first order dynamics. The response of the thermometer was evaluated
by applying a step a step change in the bath in which the thermometer is placed. After six second the output
value was 63.2 percent of the total applied step change. The thermometer reading at temperature of 55oC was
put into a bath whose temperature was varied sinusoidally between 50oC and 60oC with a 60 sec/cycle period of
oscillation. Determine:
(i) Maximum and minimum temperature of the solution and the outlet temperature at t=35sec, t=60sec
(ii) Phase lag
(iii) Amplitude ratio,

10. Derive an expression for transfer function of mercury thermometer, placed in a fluid, relating the variation
of thermometer reading for change in the temperature of the fluid. Sketch the response of the thermometer for
step function.

11. Derive transfer Function of damped vibrator.

12. Determine the transfer functions C/R, C/U1, and B/U2 for the system show in Figure. Also determine an
expression for C in terms of R and U1 for the situation when both set-point change and load change occur
simultaneously.

13. A mercury thermometer having a time constant of 0.1 min is placed in a temperature bath at 100°F and
allowed to come to equilibrium with the bath. At time t = 0, the temperature of the bath begins to vary sinusoidally
about its average temperature of 100oF with an amplitude of 2oF.If the frequency of oscillation is 10/π cycles/min,
plot the ultimate response of the thermometer reading as a function of time. What is the phase lag?

14. A thermometer having first order dynamics is placed in a temperature bath of 45 oC.After the thermometer
reaches the equilibrium with the bath. The bath temperature is subjected to sinusoidal forcing function about its
average temperature of 45oC with amplitude of 15oC.If the period of oscillation is 30 sec/cycle and the time
constant of the thermometer is 10 second. Determine
(i) Maximum and minimum temperature of the solution and the outlet temperature at t=10 sec.
(ii) Phase lag
(iii) iii) Amplitude ratio,

15. The level of liquid in a tank is controlled using a pneumatic proportional controller .The level sensor is able
to measure over the range 1.85 to 2.25m.It is found that ,after adjustment, the controller output pressure changes
by 4kN/m2 for a 0.01m variation in level with the desired value held constant. If a variation in output pressure of
80 kN/m2 moves the control valve from fully open to fully closed, determine the gain and the proportional band.

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16. A first order reaction is carried out in a stirred tank with a holdup time of 1.6 hr and a rate constant of 2hr -
1
.Show the effect of a sudden change in feed concentration from 0.50 to 0.48 mole/ft 3.

17. A second order system is observed to exhibit an underdamped response having the ultimate value of the
response is16, the minimum value of the response is 10.If the value of the damping parameters are 0.6, 0.4, 0.2,
and 0.1.Show that as the damping coefficient decreases the overshoot increases of the system.

18. Discuss dynamic response of second order control system to step forcing function and describe under
damped system.

19. Find the transfer functions H2/Q and H3/Q for the three tank system shown in Fig 1. where H2, H3 and Q
are deviation variables. Tank 1 and Tank 2 are interacting. (ii) For a unit step change in q, sketch H3(t)vs.t.

20. Derive transfer function of two interacting liquid level tanks and Explain effect of interaction on step
response of two tank system.

21. Derive transfer function of each element and develop a block diagram of the temperature control system in
a CSTR as shown in Fig 2. Assumptions: a) Measuring element is mercury thermometer, b) Consider controller
and final control element as a single block. c) Control action is proportional.

22. A thermometer having first order dynamics is placed in a temperature bath of 50 oC. After the thermometer
reaches the equilibrium with the bath, the bath temperature is subjected to sinusoidal forcing function about its
average temperature of 50oC with amplitude of 20oC.If the period of oscillation is 25 sec/cycle and the time
constant of the thermometer is 3 second.
a) Maximum and minimum temperature of the solution and the outlet temperature
b) Phase lag
c) Amplitude ratio,

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23. A thermometer having a time constant of 2 min is initially at 45oC.It is immersed in a bath maintained at
o
90 C at t=0.Determine the temperature reading t=1.8 min. If at t=2.5 min, the thermometer is removed from the
bath and put in a bath of at 75oC, determine the maximum temperature indicated by the thermometer.

24. A manometer 90cm long 7.0mm inside diameter glass tube is 2/3rd filled with water. The manometer is
subjected to a pressure differential of 5500N/m2.Determine (a) Time constant, (b) Damping coefficient. Suggest
design of the manometer considering the initial transient state. Given: Density of water=1000kg/m 3, viscosity of
water=1mN-s/m2.

25. A step change of magnitude 4 is introduced in to a system having the transfer function
𝑌(𝑠) 11
= 2
𝑋(𝑠) 4𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 9
Determine
a) Percent overshoot
b) Rise time
c) Maximum value of Y(t)
d) Ultimate value of Y(t)
e) Period of oscillation

26. The two tank system, shown in fig 1, is operating at steady state. At t = 0, 10 ft 3 of water are quickly added
to the first tank .Sketch the response of the system and determine the maximum deviation in level (feet) in both
tanks from the ultimate steady state values, and the time at which each maximum occurs.
Data: A1 = A2 = 10 ft3, R1 = 0.1ft/cfm, R2 = 0.35ft/cfm.

27. Derive an expression for transfer function of U tube manometer and discuss the properties of
underdamped system.

28. Determine the transfer function C/U for the system shown in fig.

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 Process Control & Instrumentation
Assignment
Last date of Submission:-11/11/2013

1. A control system is represented by means of a block diagram shown in figure.determine the value of Kc gain of
controller which just causes instability.Use Routh criteria .Also determine the location of the pair of roots lie on
the imaginary axis for the control system.

1
Kc(0.5s+1) 𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)

2. A control system having transfer function is expressed as

Y ( s) 5
G( s )   2 2
X (s)  s  2s  1
The radian frequency for the control system is 1.9rad/min. The time constant is 0.5min.
Calculate: (i) Overshoot, (ii) Cyclical frequency, (iii) Maximum value of Y(t).
3. Write Short notes on
a) Plot Bode diagram of PD-controller
b) Explain feed forward control of a ratio control.
c) Develop block diagram of control system for stirred tank heater.
d) Dynamic behavior of a pneumatic control valve.
e) Transfer Function of Liquid Level process with constant-flow outlet.

4. A proportional derivative controller is used for the control of first order system having time constant τ1=30 sec.
The value of gain of PD controller is kc=6 and the derivative time τD=4sec. The control system has a measuring
element for which the time constant is τ2=6sec. If a step of magnitude 0.16 is given to the load variable.
Determine the offset.

5. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,

𝑘𝑐(0.5𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)

Sketch root locus diagram of the control system. Determine value of k c for which the system becomes just
unstable.
6. Plot the root locus diagram for the open loop transfer function
𝐾
𝐺=
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 3)
7. Explain feed forward control of distillation column.
8. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,
𝑘𝑐(𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
(10𝑠 + 1)(0.2𝑠 + 1)
Sketch the asymptotic Bode diagram of the control system.

5
9. The set point of the control system in figure. is given a step change of 0.1unit. Determine:
a. The maximum value of C and the time at which it occurs.
b. The offset
c. The period of oscillation.

Figure

10. Write short notes on

a. Transportation lag.
b. Bode stability criteria.
c. Cascade control.
d. Feed forward control of drum boiler.
e. Adaptive control.

11. A control system having transfer function is expressed as

𝑌(𝑠) 5
𝐺(𝑠) = = 2
𝑋(𝑠) 1.8𝑠 + 3𝑠 + 5
The control system is subjected to a step change of magnitude 5.
Calculate:
a. The value of Y(t) at ,t =0.5min,1 min,1.5 min,
b. Overshoot,
c. Radian frequency

12. A step change of magnitude 5 is introduced into the unity feedback control system as shown in figure. The
second order control system is being controlled by means of proportional controller having the value of gain
Kc=10
1
Kc=10 1.25𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5

Plot the response of the given control system as a function of time and from the response sketch
determine the following
(i) Response time
(ii)Rise time

13. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,
1
𝐺=
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 5)
Sketch the asymptotic Bode diagram of the control system.
14. Discuss Dynamic behavior of a PI-controller for servo control problem.

15. The open loop transfer function of the control system is given as
𝐾𝑐(0.5𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)
Sketch the root locus diagram of the system.

6
16. Plot Bode diagram of PI controller.

17. Write the characteristics equation and construct Routh array for the control system shown in Fig . Is the stable
for (1) Kc= 9.5, (ii) Kc =11; (iii) Kc=12?

18. Write Short notes on

a) Ziegler-Nichols controller setting.
b) Explain Cascade control and their application.
19. The control system shown in fig.3 contains three-mode controller.
a) For the closed loop, develop formulas for the natural period of oscillation and the damping factor  in
terms of the parameters K, τD , τI and τ1.
For the following parts, τD = τI=1 and τ1=2,
b) Calculate  when K is 0.5 and when K is 2.
c) Determine the offset for a unit step change in load if K is 2.
d) Sketch the response curve (C vs t) for a unit step change in load when k is 0.5.
e) In case of part (d) determine the maximum value of C and the time at which it occurs.

Fig.3
20. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,
𝑘𝑐(0.5𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)
Sketch the root locus diagram of the control system. Determine the value of gain of the controller K c for which the
system becomes just unstable.

21. PD controller is controlling the three non-interacting CSTRs in series. The transportation lag parameter of the
measuring element is 0.5 minute. The gain of controller is Kc and the derivative time is 0.5 minute. The time
constants for the 3 CSTRs are: 𝝉1=1 min, 𝝉2=0.1 min, 𝝉3=0.2 min. Steady state gain of the process is 0.2
sketch the asymptotic Bode diagram and obtain the design value of gain of controller.

22. Write short note on

a) Explain feed forward control of distillation column.
b) Explain Cascade control and their application.

7
 Process Control & Instrumentation
Assignment
Last date of Submission:-11/11/2013

1. A control system is represented by means of a block diagram shown in figure. determine the value of Kc gain
of controller which just causes instability. Use Routh criteria .Also determine the location of the pair of roots lie
on the imaginary axis for the control system.

1
Kc(0.5s+1) 𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)

2. A control system having transfer function is expressed as

Y ( s) 5
G( s )   2 2
X (s)  s  2s  1
The radian frequency for the control system is 1.9rad/min. The time constant is 0.5min.
Calculate: (i) Overshoot, (ii) Cyclical frequency, (iii) Maximum value of Y(t).

3. Write Short notes on

a) Plot Bode diagram of PI and PD-controller
b) Explain feed forward control of a ratio control.
c) Dynamic behavior of a pneumatic control valve.
d) Transfer Function of Liquid Level process with constant-flow outlet.
e) feed forward control of distillation column

4. A proportional derivative controller is used for the control of first order system having time constant τ1=30 sec.
The value of gain of PD controller is kc=6 and the derivative time τD=4sec. The control system has a measuring
element for which the time constant is τ2=6sec. If a step of magnitude 0.16 is given to the load variable.
Determine the offset.

5. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,

𝑘𝑐(0.5𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)

Sketch root locus diagram of the control system. Determine value of k c for which the system becomes just
unstable.

6. Plot the root locus diagram for the open loop transfer function
𝐾
𝐺=
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 3)

7. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,

𝑘𝑐(𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
(10𝑠 + 1)(0.2𝑠 + 1)
Sketch the asymptotic Bode diagram of the control system.

8
8. The set point of the control system in figure. is given a step change of 0.1unit. Determine:
a. The maximum value of C and the time at which it occurs.
b. The offset
c. The period of oscillation.

Figure

9. Write short notes on

a. Transportation lag.
b. Bode stability criteria.
c. Cascade control.
d. Feed forward control of drum boiler.
e. Adaptive control.

10. A control system having transfer function is expressed as

𝑌(𝑠) 5
𝐺(𝑠) = = 2
𝑋(𝑠) 1.8𝑠 + 3𝑠 + 5
The control system is subjected to a step change of magnitude 5.
Calculate:
d. The value of Y(t) at ,t =0.5min,1 min,1.5 min,
e. Overshoot,
f. Radian frequency

11. A step change of magnitude 5 is introduced into the unity feedback control system as shown in figure. The
second order control system is being controlled by means of proportional controller having the value of gain
Kc=10
1
Kc=10 1.25𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5

Plot the response of the given control system as a function of time and from the response sketch
determine the following
(i) Response time
(ii)Rise time

12. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,
1
𝐺=
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 5)
Sketch the asymptotic Bode diagram of the control system.

13. The open loop transfer function of the control system is given as
𝐾𝑐(0.5𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)
Sketch the root locus diagram of the system.

9
14. Write the characteristics equation and construct Routh array for the control system shown in Fig . Is the stable
for (1) Kc= 9.5, (ii) Kc =11; (iii) Kc=12?

15. Write Short notes on

16. The control system shown in fig.3 contains three-mode controller.

a) For the closed loop, develop formulas for the natural period of oscillation and the damping factor  in
terms of the parameters K, τD , τI and τ1.
For the following parts, τD = τI=1 and τ1=2,
b) Calculate  when K is 0.5 and when K is 2.
c) Determine the offset for a unit step change in load if K is 2.
d) Sketch the response curve (C vs t) for a unit step change in load when k is 0.5.
e) In case of part (d) determine the maximum value of C and the time at which it occurs.

Fig.3
17. The open loop transfer function of a control system is given as,
𝑘𝑐(0.5𝑠 + 1)
𝐺=
𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 0.5)
Sketch the root locus diagram of the control system. Determine the value of gain of the controller K c for which the
system becomes just unstable.

18. PD controller is controlling the three non-interacting CSTRs in series. The transportation lag parameter of the
measuring element is 0.5 minute. The gain of controller is Kc and the derivative time is 0.5 minute. The time
constants for the 3 CSTRs are: 𝝉1=1 min, 𝝉2=0.1 min, 𝝉3=0.2 min. Steady state gain of the process is 0.2
sketch the asymptotic Bode diagram and obtain the design value of gain of controller.

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