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CNC Study

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23 views3 pages

CNC Study

Uploaded by

lokis5706
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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27

STUDY OF CNC MACHINES AND PART PROGRAMMING

Introduction:
CAM:
CAM is a team, which means the Computer Aided Manufacturing. CAM can be defined, as the
use of the computer systems to plan, manage and control the operation of manufacturing
interface with the plant is production resources.

CNC machines:
CNC stands for Computer Numerical Controlled machine is on NC system that utilizes a
delectated stored program computer to perform some are all the basic numerical control functions.
Part programming are entered and stored in computer memory CNC offers additional flexibility
and computation capacity. New system options can be incorporated into the CNC controller
simple by programming the unit.

TYPES OF CNCMACHINE TOOLS:


Computer numerical control(CNC) is applied to a variety of machine tools. Most of these find
ready application in aircraft, automobile and general engineering industry.
CNC is used to control several types of machine today. Some of them are listed below,
1. CNC lathes
2. CNC milling machine
3. Machining Centre
Horizontal
Vertical
Universal
4. CNC Turning Centre
5. Wire cut EDM
6. CNC grinding machines
7. CNC Drilling/shaping machines

In this laboratory, we will study the part programming methods for the following machine tools
only.
1. CNC lathe
2. CNC milling machine

PROGRAMMING OF CNC MACHINE TOOLS:


instructions that drive
CNC programming is a term that refers to the methods for generating the
the

18ME604- CAD/CAM LABORATORY


CNC machine tool. For 2D components with lithe geometric complexity, CNC instructions can
be written manually. However, as the geometric complexity increases more sophisticated
techniques are required, particularly for 3-axis, 4-axis and S-axis CNC machining.
There are three distinct techniques adopted for creating CNC program:
1. Manual part programming
2. Computer assisted part programming
3. Programming using CAM software (CAD/CAM based programming systems)

Manual part programming:

This technique is widely used for work piece of relatively simple geometry. Manual
programming begins with careful study of component drawing. The tool path of the CNC
machine is then described in machine codes, which usually take the form:
N-G-X-Y-Z-A-B-C-F-S-T-M
Where
N=sequence number of instructions
G=preparatory function (G-code)
XYZ and ABC=co-ordinate and angular data
F=feed
S=spindle speed
T=tool code
M=miscellaneous function (M code)

preparatory function (G-code):


A list of G codes and their number (Letter G followed by 2 digits) is given in the Appendix A.
The Gcodes are used for cutting tool motions.
For GO0- Fast traverse
GO1-Linear interpolation
GO2-Circular interpolation
The G-codes may be written in any order in the same line except the following which are
programmed single in a block.

F=feed rate
Feed rate for cutting is specified after the letter F. (Value is mentioned after the letter F) For
example, for a feed rate of 25Omm/min the program specifies F250.
29

Feed rate= Feed(mm/rev) x Spindle speed(rpm)


S=spindle speed:
This is directly designated immediately after the letter S. For example, if a spindle speed
of 500rpm is designated as S500.Spindle speeds are obtained from recommended cutting speeds.
Spindle speed S = (1000 x v) (3.14 x D)
Where
V= cutting speed (rn/min)
D= Diameter of the cutter (mm)

f=tool code:

It is denoted by a letter T followed by 4 digits. (Tool number = first 2 digits, Offset number
= next 2 digits).
For example, TO.10l means Tool number= 1, Offset number = 1.

M=miscellaneous function (M-code):


A list of Mcodes and their number (Letter Mfollowed by 2 digits) is given in the
AppendixB.
The M-codes are used for auxiliary functions such as spindle start/stop, coolant on/off etc.
For example, M03-Spindle start
MO5- Spindle stop

SPINDLE

-Y-AXIS SERVOMOTOR
T00L

BALLSCREW
wORKPIECE

X-AXIS SERVOMOTOR

Y-AXIS POSITION TRANSDUCER

Numerically Controlled Machine tool

18ME604- CAD/CAM LABORATORY

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