Bandpass Filter Design Using Lumped Elements for

RF Applications
Sana Fatima
Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University (LCWU), Lahore,
Pakistan

1. Abstract One of the main challenges in designing microstrip

bandpass filters is achieving a steep transition
In this article, we have discussed the complete between the passband and the stopband, as well as
method to design an RF Bandpass filter using good out-of-band rejection. This requires careful
coupled lines topology. The article includes the analysis and optimization of the filter design.
detailed techniques of entire design process, its
schematics, outputs, and all relevant design issues.
On hardware that is appropriate for the
Microstrip bandpass filters are an important
circumstances, Band pass filters in particular will
component in a variety of RF systems, and their
be constructed, and VNA findings will be attached.
design requires a combination of engineering
We'll also talk about the differences between both
knowledge and expertise in RF circuit design.
software and hardware.
3. Band Pass Filter
2. Introduction
3.1. Specifications
A microstrip bandpass filter is a type of radio
frequency (RF) filter that is made using microstrip Design a band pass filter at 10.5 GHz. The filter is
transmission lines on a printed circuit board (PCB). designed on RO3010 substrate with a dielectric
It is used to pass a specific range of frequencies while thickness of 0.025 inches. The fitter should have a
rejecting frequencies outside of this range. pass band of 9.98 to 11.03 GHz. It should achieve at
least 20 dB rejection at 9.65 GHz.
Microstrip bandpass filters are widely used in a
variety of applications, including wireless Fo = 10.5 GHz
communication systems, satellite systems, radar F1 = 9.98 GHz
systems, and more [1, 2]. They have several
advantages over other types of RF filters, such as low F2 = 11.03 GHz
cost, low insertion loss, and small size. IL = 20 dB
To design a microstrip bandpass filter, the designer F = 9.65 GHz
must first specify the center frequency and
bandwidth of the desired passband. The filter can 3.2. Design
then be designed using a combination of microstrip We have used the following equations to calculate
transmission lines, resonators, and other the order of the filter.
components. The transmission lines and resonators
can be either open- or short-circuited, depending on w !#
• PLR = 1 + 𝑘 ! 𝑇n! (w")
the desired frequency response.
$ ! !w !#
• PLR = 1 + %
(w" )
 • IL = 10 log(PLR) w!- w&
Where delta = w/
• 20 = 10 log(PLR) 3.2.1.1. Calculations
• PLR = 100 • Zo = 50; fc = 10.5*10^9; f1 = 9.98*10^9; f2
&! !'(.(∗&+"# ,
!# = 11.03*10^9; N = 5;
• 100 = 1 + %
( (.+(∗&+"#
)
• gn = [1.7058 1.22296 2.5408 1.2296 1.7058
• N = 3.85 1.0]; delta = (f2-f1)/fc;
• Choosing N = 5 for 0.5dB equal • for i = 1:N
ripple response
• if(mod(i,2) ~= 0)
Table 1: Normalized impedance values for 0.5 dB
equal ripple response • C(i) = gn(i)/(delta*Zo*2*pi*fc); L(i) =
(Zo*delta)/(gn(i)*2*pi*fc);
• end
• if(mod(i,2) == 0)
• L(i) = (Zo*gn(i))/(delta*2*pi*fc); C(i)
= delta/(Zo*gn(i)*2*pi*fc);
• end

Using above table, we have taken these values • End

𝑔1 = 1.7058, 𝑔2 = 1.2296, 𝑔3 = 2.5408, 𝑔4 = After running this code, we get following results
1.2296, 𝑔5 = 7058, 𝑔6 = 1.0 • C=
• 1.0e-11 *
3.2.1. Lumped Elements • 0.5171 0.0025 0.7702 0.0025
After choosing values of g we can proceed further. 0.5171
To convert a low pass into band pass filter a capacitor
• L=
can be changed into a parallel combination of
inductor and capacitor and an inductor can be • 1.0e-08 *
changed into series combination of inductor and
capacitor as shown in figure below. • 0.0044 0.9269 0.0030 0.9319
0.0044
3.2.1.2. Schematics

Figure 2: Schematic for band pas filter using

lumped elements
Figure 1: Low pass to band pass conversion
3.2.1.3. Results 3.2.2.2. Schematics

Figure 4: Schematics of band pass filter using

stubs
3.2.2.3. Results

Figure 3: Results of band pass filter using lumped

elements
3.2.2. Stub Technique
We know that band pass filter is a combination of
series and parallel resonators so these resonators can
be transformed into open and short circuit stubs.
Band pass filter can also be designed by using short
circuit stubs.
3.2.2.1. Calculations
• Zo = 50;
• fc = 10.5*10^9;
• f1 = 9.98*10^9;
• f2 = 11.03*10^9; Figure 5: Results of band pass filter using stubs
• gn = [1.7058 1.2296 2.5408 1.2296 1.7058 3.2.3. Coupled Lines
1.0];
• delta = (f2-f1)/fc;
• Zon = (pi*Zo*delta)./(4*gn)
After running the code, we get the following results
• Zon =
• 2.3021 3.1937 1.5456 3.1937
2.3021 3.9270
3.2.3.1. Calculations 3.2.3.2. Schematics
• Zo = 50; fc = 10.5*10^9; f1 = 9.98*10^9; f2
= 11.03*10^9; N = 5;
• gn = [1.7058 1.22296 2.5408 1.2296 1.7058
1.0];
• delta = (f2-f1)/fc; ZoJ(1) =
sqrt((pi*delta)./(2*gn(1)));
• for i = 2:N Figure 6: Schematics of band pass filter using
coupled lines
• ZoJ(i) = (pi*delta)./(2*sqrt(gn(i)*gn(i-
1))); 3.2.3.3. Results
• end
• ZoJ(N+1) =
sqrt((pi*delta)./(2*gn(N+1)*gn(N)));
• for i = 1:N+1
• Zoe(i) = Zo.*(1+ZoJ(i)+(ZoJ(i))^2);
• Zoo(i) = Zo.*(1-ZoJ(i)+(ZoJ(i))^2);
• end
• ZoJ
• Zoe
• Zoo Figure 7: results of band pass filter using coupled
After running the code, we get the following results lines

• ZoJ = 3.2.3.4. Problems

At low frequencies lengths of transmission lines can
• 0.3035 0.1088 0.0891 0.0889
be very high that they are difficult to fabricate. Also,
0.1085 0.3035
for low impedances width can be very low that it is
• Zoe = difficult to fabricate.

• 69.7771 56.0291 54.8526 54.8384 3.3. Hardware Design

56.0112 69.7771 Since every design have some limitations so it was
• Zoo = appropriate to design band pass filter using coupled
lines.
• 39.4315 45.1536 45.9415 45.9514
45.1651 39.4315
3.3.1. Hardware results are quite promising, and this could be used in
many RF applications.

5. References
1) S. Li, L. D. Xu, and S. Zhao, "The internet of things: a
survey," Information systems frontiers, vol. 17, no. 2, pp.
243-259, 2015.

2) K. Rose, S. Eldridge, and L. Chapin, "The internet of

things: An overview," The internet society (ISOC), vol.
80, pp. 1-50, 2015.
Figure 8: Hardware of band pass filter using
coupled lines
3.3.2. Results
Our design was at center frequency 10.5 GHz but
maximum frequency in VNA available is 6 GHz so
it is impossible to test this hardware at VNA
available.

4. Conclusion
In this paper, a bandpass coupled line filter is
designed and fabricated. A complete design
calculation method and designed flow have been
discussed. The filter is designed on RO3010
substrate and then tested using VNA. It is shown that