KH.OS.

AL3naNy
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) (CAT)
- Def: -> Medical imaging
ne
method employing tomography & digital computer processing to generate Cu=
3D image from series of 2D images
-

some - - - -
=
-

- Components: - Image formation: 3 Steps

I Gantry & I Computer & Operating console Data acquisition Image reconstruction Image display
- Should be of high - View images - Refers to collection of - Computer reconstruct data - play in characteristics
- - -w - -

X-ray tube Patient support Detector array speed -> to minimize

-
- Determine parameters transmittedCx-rays by to form visible image of image
Reconstruction C
- - - -

detectors (Reconstruction Algorithms) - Reformatted images

-
time
=>
A
couch
-

- - -

Collected data:
-
-

which convert
-

- Large rotating - Made of - Consist of

Primary construction -> C to
C
-

collected data into

E
- -

anode material of &

low multiple cells - -

-
visible image give -A
axial cuts
- LargeC
- ·

focal M.W to avoid aligned in one -

Secondary construction ->
-T

=
- -

spot (for affecting X- or multiple -

to give cuts in-3 planes

-

dissipation of
- -
ray beam
-
rows ↓time
heat)
=
- Motorized
-
convert collected
↑-tod
data
N.B: ↑
&- - >
- Visible
image
Pre-patient collimation Post-patient collimation
- Narrow fan shaped beam -
- To dec. scattered
=

To dec. radiation dose to radiation reaching

-
-

patient detectors
-

- Both determine* thickness of slice (Cut)

all for
conventionalCCT, not SpiralC CT
-
-
-

= Generations of CT scanners:
First generation Second generation Third generation Fourth generation Fifth generation
- Use pencil beam wz 2 detectors
-
- Use narrow fan
i beam wz 8 to 30 - Use wide fan beam wz C 700 - Use wide fan
-
beam wze 2000 - Use wide fan electron beam
- -

- Called: Translate-Rotate
- Scanners detectors detectors detectors - Rapid scan O
(50 ms)
=>
e

- - - -

Moves in circular or semicircular path - Called:-

-

- - -
Translate-Rotate - Called: Rotate-Rotate
min Scanners - Continuous circular array of
-

- 2.5 min
L Scanners
= - Rotates continuously around detectors
-
-

- Moves in circular or semicircular /

patient - No motion of detectors
- -
- -

path - Detectors are arranged in - Rotate-Fixed

--
-
-E10 sec mcurvilinear shape 1 sec.
- 0.5
-
sec

Conventional CT Slice by Slice

-
-
Spiral CT Volumetric data acquisition
- Xray source & detectors rotate in2
360 degree for each slice
-
- Gantry rotates continuously
m around patient wzout need for unwinding
iton
-

- Then stop and unwind reach zero position - Patient support couch moves smoothly
- and continuously
- C
- -

-
- Then patient couch moves more inside gantry for second slice - Therefore decreasing
- time of scan
E
- -

e
-

- Unit is called PIXEL - Single

- Slice Spiral CT -> detectors
-
in one row
- Multislice
m Spiral CT -> more than one row
=593555559
-
.

g-5- - Reduce examination time

- Reduce radiation dose up toC 75%
·
Slic-Imm
- #
Unit is called VOXEL

KH.OS. AL3naNy