ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED

ON FACE RECOGNITION
A Mini Project Report Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING WITH SPECIALIZATION

IN DATA SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Submitted By
DEEPAK KUMAR
REGISTRATION NO. – 23055830005

JHARKHAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

RANCHI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SUPERVISOR: CO – SUPERVISER:

MR. RAVI KUMAR BURMAN MR. ABHISHEK KUMAR

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

 JHARKHAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, RANCHI

CERTIFCATE OF DECLERATION

This is to certify that this project report entitled “ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BASED ON FACE RECOGNITION” Submitted by DEEPAK KUMAR, REG. NO.-
23055830005, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of
Technology in Computer Science & Engineering with Specialization in Data Science
Engineering at Jharkhand University of Technology, Ranchi is an authentic work carried out
under my supervision and guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the content of this report does not form a basis for the award of
any previous Degree to anyone else.

Date: (Supervisor’s Name & Signature)

Department of CSE
Jharkhand University of Technology,
Ranchi

(Signature) (Signature)
Head of Department Coordinator
M.Tech, Data Science Engineering Jharkhand University of Technology,
Department of CSE Ranchi
Jharkhand University of Technology,
Ranchi
 JHARKHAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, RANCHI

CERTIFCATE OF APPROVAL

The foregoing project report entitled “ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED

ON FACE RECOGNITION”, is hereby approved as a creditable study of the research topic
and has been presented in a satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite to the
degree for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval, the undersigned
does not necessarily endorse any conclusion drawn or opinion expressed therein, but approve the
thesis for the purpose for which it is submitted.

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

Head of the Department

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A study of this volume can never be the outcome of a single person or just a group of dedicated
students, so I express my gratitude to those who helping and supporting me in developing my
project because successful completion of any work requires guidance and help from a no. of
people. Firstly, I would like to thank Jharkhand University of Technology, Ranchi for
providing me the opportunity to do such a project. I am very much thankful to my project
supervisor/guide Mr. Ravi Kumar Burman (Assistant Professor, CSE Dept.) and project co-
supervisor/co-guide Mr. Abhishek Kumar (Assistant Professor CSE Dept.) for their
uninterrupted support in development of this project and have enabled me to build the project.
They were always there to listen and to give advice and taught me that how to express my ideas
& views professionally.

Student Name- Deepak Kumar

Roll No.- 23055830005
 ABSTRACT

When a person is uniquely identified then it is only because of the face which is the crucial part
of a human. Using the face, a large number of applications can be implemented for security
purposes at banks, various organizations and also in the areas where there is a large public
gathering. In general, various organizations keep on monitoring the performance of the
employees or the students by using the attendance. The attendance can be marked either by
signature or calling the namesof the persons and also through biometric. These ways may
sometimes lead to time consuming and common errors by humans. The attendance can be
marked by using facial recognition with the help of so called eigenfaces and fisher faces
algorithms, but these algorithms provide results with less accuracy. So, the proposed solution
for this problem is implementing a smart attendance system that automatically marks the
attendance of the persons using Face Detection and Face Recognition with easy, less time
complexity and also efficiently helps in various administrations. It is achieved by using Deep
Learning, CNN,

Open Computer Vision Library (Open CV) and Python based face recognition approach. Deep
learning methods, especially convolutional Neural Networks have achieved significant success
in the area of computer vision including the difficult face recognition problems.Training of
deep models shows exceptional performance with large datasets, but they are not suitable for
learning from few samples. The input faces are compared with the images in the data set and
will be recognized. The recognized names of the faces along with the time will beautomatically
updated into a CSV file and this CSV file will be sent to the respective head of the
organization through an Email. Along with this,the details of the recognized faces will be
updated into an attendance system automatically which is designed through web development.
 MOTIVATION

Now a days many educational institutes are using a manual monitoring system and most of the
time they accidentally loss their attendance sheet so that they cannot properly monitor the
attendance of their students. Therefore, it is important to design a software which will help
these institutes to mark the attendanceof the students by face recognition which will save their
time.
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Requirement

1.2 Flowchart

1.3 Project overview

1.4 Project AIM

1.5 Advantage

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Haar Cascading algorithm

2.2 LBPH Algorithm

2.3 Detection and Recognition

2.4 Verification

2.5 LBPH

2.6 Parameters of LBPH

2.7 Training algorithm

2.8 Applying LBP algorithm

2.9 Extracting histogram

2.10 Performing the Face Recognition

3. DEMO CHART

4. SOURCE CODE

5. FUTURE SCOPE

6. CONCLUSION

7. REFERENCES
1. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the attendance monitoring system using face recognition is to ease the
attendance process which consumes a lot of time and effort.It is a convenient and easy way
for students and teachers. The systemwill capture the images of the students and using a face
recognition algorithm mark the attendance in the sheet. This way the class-teacher will get their
attendance marked without actually spending time in traditional attendance marking

The problem with this approach is that it requires some time to take and also the manual process
will have chances to make mistakes in most of the cases. To overcome that problem, RFID
(Radio Frequency Identification) was introduced in the past years. But those are also having
the fail proof of attendance system. So, we are introducing the concept of Face Recognition
Based Attendance system. The main objective of the proposed system is to allot attendance to
the students using face recognition-based algorithms to achieve a fail proof attendance system.
Face detection is used for many applications for the identification of human faces in digital
images or video. It is defined as a specific case of object-class detection; where it is used to
find the locations and sizes of all objects in an image that belong to a given class. The
technology is able to predict frontal or near-frontal faces in a photo, regardless of orientation,
lighting conditions or skin color. Face Recognition is a form of biometric software that maps
an individual’s facial features mathematically and stores the data as a faceprint. Faces are made
of thousands of fine lines and features that must be matched. Face recognition using Python is
used to break the task of identifying the face into thousands of smaller, bite-sized tasks, each
of which is easy to face Recognition Python is the latest technology in Machine Learning
techniques. OpenCV utilizes Machine Learning algorithms to search for faces within a picture.
1.1 REQUIREMENT

Minimum RAM: 256 MB Hard Disk: 40

GB Processor: Intel Pentium 4

Operating System: Windows OS, Linux OS, UNIX OS and MacOS.

1.2 FLOWCHART
1.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Attendance is important for both the teacher and student of an educational organization. So, it
is very important to keep a record of the attendance. The problem arises when we think about
the traditional process of taking attendance in classrooms. Calling the name or roll number of
the student for attendance is not only a problem of time consumption but alsoit needs energy.
So, an automatic attendance system can solveall of the above problems.

There are some automatic attendances making systems which are currently used by many
institutions. One such system is biometric technique and RFID system. Although it is automatic
and a step ahead of traditional methods it fails to meet the time constraint. The student has to
wait in a queue for attendance, which is time-consuming.

This project introduces an involuntary attendance marking system, devoid of any kind of
interference with the normal teaching procedure. The system can be also implemented during
exam sessions or in other teaching activities where attendance is highly essential. This system
eliminates classical student identification such as calling the name of the student,or checking
the respective identification cards of the student, which can not only interfere with the ongoing
teaching process, but also can be stressful for students during examination sessions. In addition,
the students have to register in the database to be recognized. The enrollment can be done on
the spot through the user-friendly interface.

1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The objective of this project is to develop a face recognitionattendance system.

Expected achievements in order to fulfil the objectives are:

● To detect the face segment from the video frame.

● To extract the useful features from the face detected.

● To classify the features in order to recognize the face detected.

● To record the attendance of the identified student.

 1.5 ADVANTAGE

● It is trouble-free to use.

● It is a relatively fast approach to enter attendance.

● It is highly reliable, approximate result from user.

● Best user Interface.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HAAR CASCADE ALGORITHM

It is an Object Detection Algorithm used to identify faces in an image or a real time

The algorithm is given a lot of positive images consisting of faces, and a lot of negative images
not consisting of any face to train on them.

2.2 LBPH ALGORITHM

The Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) algorithm is a simple solution on face recognition
problem, which can recognize both front face and side face.

Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is a simple yet very efficient texture operator which labels the
pixels of an image by thresholding theneighborhood of each pixel and considers the result as
a binary number.

2.3 DETECTION AND RECOGNITION

Face Detection: It has the objective of finding the faces (location and size) in an image and
probably extracting them to be used by the face recognition algorithm.

Face Recognition: with the facial images already extracted, cropped, resized and usually
converted to grayscale, the face recognition algorithm is responsible for finding characteristics
which best describe the image.
2.4 VERIFICATION

Verification or authentication of a facial image: It basically compares the input facial image
with the facial image related to the user which is requiring the authentication. It is basically a
1x1 comparison.

Identification or facial recognition: It basically compares theinput facial image with all
facial images from a dataset with the aim to find the user that matches that face. It is basically
a 1xN comparison.

2.5 LBPH

LBPH was first described in 1994 (LBP) and has since been found to be a powerful feature for
texture classification. It has further been determined that when LBP is combined with
histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptor, it improves the detection performance
considerably on some datasets.

Using the LBP combined with histograms we can represent the face images with a simple data
vector.

3.6 PARAMETERS OF LBPH

Radius: the radius is used to build the circular local binarypattern and represents the radius
around the central pixel. It is usually set to 1.

Neighbours: the number of sample points to build the circular local binary pattern, the more
sample points we include, the higher the computational cost. It is usually set to 8.

Grid X: the number of cells in the horizontal direction. The more cells, the finer the grid, the
higher the dimensionality of the resulting feature vector. It is usually set to 8.

Grid Y: the number of cells in the vertical direction. The more cells, the finer the grid, the
higher the dimensionality of the resulting feature vector. It is usually set to 8.
2.7 TRAINING ALGORITHM

Training the Algorithm: First, we need to train the algorithm.To do so, we need to use a
dataset with the facial images of the people we want to recognize. We need to also set an ID (it
may be a number or the name of the person) for each image, so the algorithm will use this
information to recognize an input image and give you an output. Images of the same person
must have the same ID.

2.8 APPLYING LBP ALGORITHM

The first computational step of the LBPH is to create an intermediate image that describes the
original image in a better way, by highlighting the facial characteristics. To do so, thealgorithm
uses a concept of a sliding window, based on theparameter’s radius and neighbours.

2.9 EXTRACTING HISTOGRAM

Now, using the image generated in the last step, we can use the Grid X and Grid Y parameters
to divide the image into multiple grids.

2.10 PERFORMING FACE RECOGNITION

In this step, the algorithm is already trained. Each histogram created is used to represent each
image from the training dataset.
3. DEMO CHART

3.1. USER INTERFACE

3.2. STUDENT DETAILS

3.3. TRAIN DATA
3.4. FACE DETECTION
3.5. ATTENDANCE
4. SOURCE CODE
5. FUTURE SCOPE

● Government/ Identity Management: Governments all around the world are using face
recognition systems to identifycivilians. America has one of the largest face databases in the
world, containing data of about 117 million people.

● Emotion & Sentiment Analysis: Face Detection and Recognition have brought us closer
to the technology of automated psych evaluation. As systems nowadays can judge the precise
emotions frame by frame in order to evaluate the psyche.

● Authentication systems: Various devices like mobile phones or even ATMs work using
facial recognition, thus making getting access or verification quicker and hassle free.

● Full Automation: This technology helps us become fullyautomated as there is very

little to zero amount of effort required for verification using facial recognition.

● High Accuracy: Face Detection and Recognition systems these days have developed very
high accuracy and can be trainedusing very small data sets and the false acceptance rates have
dropped down significantly.
6. CONCLUSION

The Attendance Management System is developed using Machine Learning to meet the
objectives of the system which it has been developed. The system has reached a steady state
where all bugs have been eliminated. The system is operated at a high level of efficiency. The
system solves the problem. It was intended to solve the requirement specification.

Facial Detection and Recognition systems are gaining a lot of popularity these days. Most of
the flagship smartphones of major mobile phone manufacturing companies use face
recognition as the means to provide access to the user. This project report explains the
implementation of face detectionand face recognition using OpenCV with Python and also
lays out the basic information that is needed to develop a face detection and face recognition
software. The goal of increasing the accuracy of this project will always remain constant and
new configurations and different algorithms will be tested to obtain better results. In this
project, the approach we used was that of Local Binary Pattern Histograms that are a part of
the Face Recognizer Class of OpenCV.
7. REFERENCES

1. G.Satyanarayana Reddy,Rallabandi Srinivasu,Srikanth Reddy Rikkula,Vuda Sreenivasa

Rao,” Management Information System To Help Managers For Providing Decision
Making In An Organization”, International Journal of Reviews in Computing.

2. Schneiderman.United States of America Patent U.S. Patent No. 8,457,367, 2013.

3. R. J. Baron, “Mechanisms of human facial recognition,” International Journal of

ManMachine Studies.

4. M. Nixon, “"Eye Spacing Measurement for Facial Recognition",” International Society for
Optics and Photonics., vol. (Vol. 575), (19 December 1985).

5. H. &. Y. J. Yu, “A direct LDA algorithm for high-dimensional data—with application to

face recognition,” 2001