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Lecture #1

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10 views

Lecture #1

Uploaded by

sahar kamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Lecture #01: to computer graphics

OpenGL is an API (libraries) that is called inside the code. The • Pipeline: the architecture or
Computer Graphics involve displaying and manipulating data for proper the block diagram.
visualization using computer. The main tasks of the computer graphics are: • GPU: Graphical processing
• Modeling: creating and representing the geometry of objects unit.
in the 3D world.
• Rendering: generating 2D images of the objects.
• Animation: describing how objects change in time.
The rendered image is displayed on monitors (CRT, LCD, LED, plasma and head mounted display). The
object to be modeled consists of Primitive Objects.
The Primitive Objects are three: the Point, the Line and the Triangle. Some of the modeling software
programs offer more primitive objects, like Cubes, Quads, Rectangles.
Hence, modeling is using computer graphics packages (like MAYA, 3D Max, 3D Studio, Quest 3D…etc.)
to create geometry of objects (2D or 3D).
When viewing a 3D model, we need lighting to see its details. OpenGL has
commands for lighting, yet we can simply ignore them. Also, there’s the Camera that allows Display
us to see these objects. screens are
The rendering process is collecting the primitive objects created for each object, 2D
adding the selected attributes like color of the object, and adding the defined lighting and the
camera. There are two types of Rendering: Hardware Rendering and Software Rendering.
The head mounted display has Stereoscopic view feature, which is used to render 3D objects in 3D cinemas.
Scene is the current view of the eyes/camera, meaning that when a person looks right, he observes a certain
scene, and when he looks left, he sees another scene. Environment consists of a set of Scenes. A Scene consists
of a set of Objects. An Object consists of a set of Primitive Objects.
Stereoscopic Projection: obtaining two views of a scene generated with viewing directions along the lines
from the position of each eye to the scene, it’s mostly used in the Virtual-Reality applications.
Today, it’s not needed to model an object from scratch, in other words, a 3D scanner makes the job of
modeling an object much easier, yet, it has its flaws, as if you have an object that consists of smaller objects (say a
statue of a man and a horse) you can't separate them from each other. The 3D scanner has three lenses, just like the
3D camera.

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Figure 1 – Interactive Graphics system

Applications of the Computer Graphics:


• Computer Aided Design (CAD).
• Presentation Graphics.
• Computer Art.
• Education and Training.
• Visualization.
• Image processing.
• Entertainment (Movies and Gaming).
• Medical field.
• GUI (Graphical User Interface).
When an object is being modeled, it has a Surface, which is a sub-
object in the larger object (like car parts), using this surface, the material
(the colors of the object) of the object is chosen. The model is created using
the Wire Frame, these visible lines are called Mesh. It can be defined using
points, lines or triangles, but mostly triangles. Why triangles? Because,
when drawing a mesh using points, an infinite number of points is required Figure 2 - Wire frame
(as and geometrical shape is made of an infinite number of points), also
when using lines, we will need 3 times the number of primitive objects to create the same object, hence the triangle
will use less resources, yet, there is no problem in using the other primitive objects according to the requested
project. Also, any other object can be broken down to triangles, like Cubes, Squares, Hexagons…etc.
Sometimes, when there are objects that won’t change during the operation, it’s recommended to use
Textures instead of creating a model for it. For example, when modeling a room, and on once of its walls there’s a
picture or a window, instead of creating a model for it, a texture is created to give the illusion of its existence, yet,
it’s just a solid texture (image). This method is used only to save space.

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