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ASSIGNMENT

ASSIGNMENT NO: 1

NAME: AREEBA NAZ


ROLL NO: 11

COURSE: IDEOLOGY OF
PAKISTAN

COURSE CODE: PAK1022

SUBMIT TO: PROF. RIFFAT


PARVEEN

REGISTRATION NO: G2F24UASAF011

PROGRAM: ADP-(AF)

SEMESTER: 1ST
CONTRIBUTION OF FOUNDING FATHERS IN THE FREEDOM
MOVEMENT:

Several extraordinary individuals played their roles in making


the dream of a new state of Pakistan a reality in August 1947
under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah,
the Father of the Nation.

1. Sir Sultan Mohammad Shah Aga Khan

Sir Sultan Mohammad Shah, Aga Khan III was one of the
founders and the first president of the All-India Muslim League
(AIML), the party that guided the Muslims of the subcontinent
to the cherished goal of a separate state. Sir Aga Khan worked
to advance Muslims and protect Muslim rights in India. Sir
Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan established social
development institutions in the subcontinent of India and
Pakistan, “for the relief of humanity”. His contributions to the
creation of Pakistan will always be remembered.

2. Chaudhry Rehmat Ali

Chaudhry Rehmat Ali was one of the earliest proponents of the


creation of the state of Pakistan. He is credited with suggesting
the name “Pakistan” for a separate Muslim homeland in South
Asia.

Rahmat Ali introduced the name when he was a law student at


the University of Cambridge in 1933, in the form of a pamphlet
titled “Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?”.

The pamphlet was addressed to the British and Indian


delegates at the Third Round Table Conference in London.
The idea, however, did not find support from the delegates or
any of the politicians for around a decade. By 1940, the Muslim
politics in the subcontinent came around to accept the idea,
leading to the Lahore Resolution of the All-India Muslim League,
which was immediately dubbed the “Pakistan Resolution”.

3. Fatima Jinnah

Fatima Jinnah, popularly called Madar-e-Millat (mother of the


nation) was the youngest sister of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad
Ali Jinnah.

She was close to Muhammad Ali Jinnah who became her


guardian after the death of their father in 1901.

She is remembered for her passionate support for civil rights


and her devoted struggle in the movement for Pakistan.

Mohammad Ali Jinnah was deeply affected after his wife died in
1929, so Fatima Jinnah worked side by side with him and
organized the women of the sub-continent on a single platform
which made the struggle for gaining a separate state of
Muslims easier.

4. Fazl ul Huq

A.K.Fazl ul Huq full name Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq, also known as
“Sher-e-Bengal” (Tiger of Bengal) was such kind of a leader
who made a very useful and important political, social, and
educational contribution to the Muslims of the sub-continent.
He dedicated almost fifty precious years of his life to attaining a
separate nation for the Muslims of India. And contributes a lot
to the freedom era of Pakistan.

5. Khawaja Nazimuddin
Khwaja Nazimuddin was the first leader of Pakistan from Bengal
who led the country as Prime Minister from 1951–53, as well as
the second Governor-General after Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad
Ali Jinnah from 1948–51.
Born into a Nawab family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated
at the Aligarh Muslim University before pursuing his education
at the Cambridge University in
UK to secure his graduation. He started his political career in
the Muslim League on his return, where he primarily focused on
education in Bengal before leading the cause for a separate
Muslim homeland of Pakistan, under the leadership of
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

6. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar

After the partition of India, Chundrigar held the office of the


commerce minister in the administration of Prime Minister
Liaquat Ali Khan. He was later appointed as Pakistan's
ambassador to Afghanistan for a brief period. In 1950, he
was appointed Governor of the NWFP (Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa),
which he tenured until 1951. In 1951 he nominated the
Governor of Punjab but was removed amid differences
developed in 1953 with Governor-General Ghulam
Muhammad when he enforced martial law at the instructions
of Prime Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin to control violent
religious riots that occurred in Lahore.

7. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan played a foundational role in the


awakening of Indian Muslims, advocating for modern
education, social reform, and political awareness following
the 1857 War of Independence. He established the
Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (later Aligarh Muslim
University), blending Islamic values with Western education
to uplift Muslims socio-economically. His Scientific Society of
Aligarh promoted modern knowledge, while the Hindi-Urdu
controversy (1867) led him to recognize the cultural and
political differences between Hindus and Muslims, planting
the seeds of the Two-Nation Theory. Although he did not call
for a separate state, his efforts laid the intellectual
foundation for the Pakistan Movement, inspiring leaders like
Allama Iqbal and Jinnah. His legacy includes the Aligarh
Movement, which became a hub for Muslim leaders
advocating for independence.

8. Liaquat Ali Khan

Liaquat Ali Khan, the "Right Hand of Quaid-e-Azam," was a


central figure in the Pakistan Movement and Pakistan's early
state-building. As General Secretary of the All-India Muslim
League (1936–1947), he played a crucial role in organizing
the party, mobilizing Muslims, and drafting the Pakistan
Resolution (1940). He was instrumental in negotiations with
the British and Congress, ensuring Muslim demands were
recognized, and served as Finance Minister in the Interim
Government, where his "Poor Man’s Budget" gained public
support. As Pakistan’s first Prime Minister, he introduced the
Objectives Resolution (1949), established democratic
foundations, strengthened foreign policy ties, and worked to
unite the nation. His assassination in 1951 left a lasting
legacy as "Shaheed-e-Millat" (Martyr of the Nation).

9. Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan

Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan played a pivotal role in securing


NWFP’s inclusion in Pakistan during the independence
movement. As a leader of the Muslim League, he countered the
Congress-backed Khudai Khidmatgar Movement, mobilizing
Muslims in the region to support the idea of a separate
homeland. He strengthened the League’s influence in NWFP
through grassroots campaigns and highlighted the socio-
economic and cultural benefits of joining Pakistan. During the
1947 referendum, his leadership ensured an overwhelming
vote in favor of Pakistan, despite significant opposition. As the
first Chief Minister of NWFP, he focused on integrating the
province into Pakistan and addressing regional development,
cementing his legacy as a key figure in the Pakistan Movement.

10. Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar


Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar was a key leader in the Pakistan
Movement, especially in mobilizing support in Punjab and
NWFP. A close ally of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, he
played a crucial role in the creation of Pakistan, organizing
campaigns for Muslim unity and challenging opposition groups
like the Khudai Khidmatgars. Nishtar was deeply involved in the
Lahore Resolution of 1940, which called for the creation of
Pakistan and worked alongside Jinnah to secure the smooth
transfer of power from British rule. After independence, he
served as the Minister for Communications, focusing on
rebuilding Pakistan’s infrastructure and fostering national unity.
His legacy remains significant for his contributions to Pakistan's
early governance and territorial integrity.

11. Allama Muhammad Iqbal

Allama Muhammad Iqbal, regarded as the "Spiritual Father of


Pakistan," was a key intellectual figure in the Pakistan
Movement. His philosophy emphasized the revival of Islamic
culture and the political autonomy of Muslims, which he
articulated in his famous Allahabad Address of 1930, where he
proposed a separate Muslim state. Through his poetry and
writings, Iqbal inspired the Muslim community to unite for self-
determination and highlighted the need for a distinct Muslim
homeland. Although he did not directly call for Pakistan's
creation, his ideas laid the ideological foundation for Quaid-e-
Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's leadership in forming Pakistan.
Iqbal's vision of political autonomy and cultural revival remains
central to Pakistan's identity.

12. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the "Father of the Nation" of Pakistan,


was pivotal in the creation of Pakistan. Initially a member of
the Indian National Congress, he later joined the All-India
Muslim League after growing disillusioned with Congress'
Hindu-majority politics. Jinnah championed the Two-Nation
Theory, arguing that Hindus and Muslims were distinct
nations deserving of separate states. His leadership in the
Lahore Resolution of 1940 formally called for a separate
Muslim homeland. Through strategic negotiation, Jinnah
secured the partition of India, leading to the creation of
Pakistan on August 14, 1947. His vision for a secular Pakistan
with equal rights for all citizens remains a cornerstone of the
country's identity.

CONCLUSION

The founding fathers of Pakistan, including Quaid-e-Azam


Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Liaquat Ali
Khan, and Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar, were united in their
goal to create a separate homeland for Muslims. Their
collective leadership, vision, and sacrifices were instrumental
in realizing Pakistan as a Muslim-majority state in 1947,
ensuring the political, cultural, and religious rights of Muslims
in the region.

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