Differences between Procedural and Object
Oriented Programming
Procedural Programming
Procedural Programming can be defined as a programming model which is derived from
structured programming, based upon the concept of calling procedure. Procedures, also kn own
as routines, subroutines or functions, simply consist of a series of computational steps to be
carried out. During a program’s execution, any given procedure might be called at any point,
including by other procedures or itself.
Languages used in Procedural Programming:
FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL,
BASIC, Pascal and C.
Object-Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming can be defined as a programming model which is based upon the
concept of objects. Objects contain data in the form of attributes and code in the form of
methods. In object-oriented programming, computer programs are designed using the concept of
objects that interact with the real world. Object-oriented programming languages are various but
the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which
also determine their types.
Languages used in Object-Oriented Programming:
Java, C++, C#, Python,
PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl,
Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala.
Procedural Programming vs Object-Oriented Programming
Below are some of the differences between procedural and object-oriented programming:
Procedural Oriented Programming Object-Oriented Programming
In procedural programming, the program is divided In object-oriented programming, the program is
into small parts called functions. divided into small parts called objects.
Procedural programming follows a top-down Object-oriented programming follows a bottom-up
approach. approach.
There is no access specifier in procedural Object-oriented programming has access specifiers
programming. like private, public, protected, etc.
Procedural Oriented Programming Object-Oriented Programming
Adding new data and functions is not easy. Adding new data and function is easy.
Procedural programming does not have any proper way Object-oriented programming provides data hiding so
of hiding data so it is less secure. it is more secure.
In procedural programming, overloading is not Overloading is possible in object-oriented
possible. programming.
In procedural programming, there is no concept of data In object-oriented programming, the concept of data
hiding and inheritance. hiding and inheritance is used.
In procedural programming, the function is more In object-oriented programming, data is more
important than the data. important than function.
Object-oriented programming is based on the real
Procedural programming is based on the unreal world.
world.
Procedural programming is used for designing Object-oriented programming is used for designing
medium-sized programs. large and complex programs.
Procedural programming uses the concept of procedure Object-oriented programming uses the concept of data
abstraction. abstraction.
Code reusability present in object-oriented
Code reusability absent in procedural programming,
programming.
Examples: C, FORTRAN, Pascal, Basic, etc. Examples: C++, Java, Python, C#, etc.
