Dyanamic English Grammar and Composition-2

DYNAMIC
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
&
COMPOSITION
2
Author
Krishna Prasad Regmi
Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal
Published by:
Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.
Kathmandu, Nepal
URL: www.shubharambhapublication.com
E-mail: [email protected]
www.facebook.com/shubharambhapublication
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-2
Author: Krishna Prasad Regmi

Layout Design: Ram Malakar
Copyright ©: Publisher
New Edition: 2076
Revised Edition: 2077
© : Publisher
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted by means (electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise) without prior written permission from the
publisher. Any breach of this condition will entail legal action and prosecution.
Printed in Nepal
Preface
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition has been designed according to
the new English Curriculum prescribed by the Curriculum Development
Centre. The series comprises of ten textbooks from grade one to grade ten.
The present book is an amalgamation of survey of rules, structures and
forms presented in lucid modern English and illustrated with numerous
examples.
The aim of this book is to bring about a change in teaching and learning
English grammar and composition-a change that will enable the learners to
use grammar in context using both inductive and deductive approaches
aiming to develop four language skills immensely. Practice in composition
tasks will help to develop the learner’s writing skills. It will encourage to writing
their own thoughts, ideas and feelings.
This new edition contains huge examples and their application to
communicative approach that will increase the quality learning of English
grammar. It is thought that this change will improve the standard and
acceptability of the book and I will consider the attempts fruitful if the students
find the book fruitful.
I have left no stone unturned for the meaningful presentation of subject
matter to make it reader friendly. Detailed description of grammatical
structures and adequate exercises on them, plenty of guided and free writing
composition with enough practice questions, an adequate amount of vocabulary
related sections and as much as necessary self study materials have been
presented in the following chapters.
I am thankful to Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. for their encouragement,
co-operation and help in preparing this book.
At last, I would like to assure all the concerned teachers, students and
readers that constructive comments and suggestions shall be tremendously
appreciated and incorporated in the upcoming edition.
The Author
Table of Contents
1. Alphabets.................................................................................6-15
2. Persons, Places, Animals and Things......................16-26
3. Common and PROPER Nouns...........................................27-34
4. Singular and Plural Nouns.........................................35-43
5. Countable and Uncountable Nouns.......................44-49
6. Gender Nouns.......................................................................50-53
7. Articles...................................................................................54-59
8. Pronouns................................................................................60-70
9. This, That, These, Those....................................................71-75
10. Apostrophe...........................................................................76-81
11. Be verbs.................................................................................82-87
12. Have verbs............................................................................88-93
13. Adjectives..........................................................................94-101
14. Comparison......................................................................102-108
15. Adverbs..............................................................................109-112
16. Past, Present and Future...........................................113-119
17. Yes/No Question.............................................................120-126
18. WH-Question.....................................................................127-131
19. Prepositions.....................................................................132-137
20. Conjunctions...................................................................138-142
21. Story Writing.................................................................143-144
22. Letter Writing...............................................................145-147
23. Picture Description....................................................148-149
24. Paragraph Writing .....................................................150-151
25. Reading CoMprehension...........................................152-157
26. Vocabulary.....................................................................158-160
Phonetic Symbols
Consonant Sounds Vowel Sounds
Symbols Words Symbols Initial Medial Final Spelling
/k/ s king, pick, cat /i: / O{ eat meat see ee, ea, ie,
eo, e, ei
/g/ u gate, ghost /I/ O it sit city i, u, o, e, y, a
/ŋ/ ª sing, sink /e/ P egg pen - e, ie, ea, ue
/tƒ/ r chair, match /æ/ of act man - a
/dʒ/ h jug, judge /a: / cf arm large car a, ear, ar
/z/ h is, zoo, balls /ə/ c ago perfect the a
/ʒ/ h genre, pleasure, /ʌ/ c up but - o, u, ou, u, oe
garage
/t/ 6 tree, mat /ʒ: / cM earth bird sir ir, ur, er, ear
/d/ 8 do, middle /ɒ/ cf] on hot - o, a, ow
/ø/ y thank, with /ɔ: / cf]M all ball saw a, aw, au
/ð/ b those, breathe /ʊ / p - book - u, ou, o, oo
/n/ g nose, man /u: / pm ooze move two o, oo, wo, ue,
ou
/p/ k pot, map Diphthongs
Symbols Initial Medial Final Spelling
/f/ km fan, potato, laugh /eI/ PO eight same say a, ay
/b/ a bag, bulb /aI / cfO{ ice might sky uy, igh, ie, y,
eye
/v/ e van, save / ɔI/ cf]O{ oil voice boy oy, oi
/m/ d man, same / Iə/ Oc ear real here ear, eer, ere
/j/ o yak /ʊə/ pc - influence poor our, ocr, ure
/r/ / red, carry /eə/ Pc area chair rare air, ear, ere,
eir,
are
/l/ n late, sell /aʊ / cfp out loud cow o, ow, ew
/w/ j walk / əʊ/ cp old home go ou, ow
/ʃ/ z shoes, sugar, wish,
chef
/s/ ; sun, miss
/h/ x house, yahoo
GET Chapter
STARTED
ALPHABETS 1
Look and read.
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee
Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj
Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo
Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt
Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy
Zz
CAPITAL/UPPER CASE LETTERS
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
SMALL/LOWER CASE LETTERS

a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

6
Do You Know?
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. There are 5 vowels: A, E, I,
O and U. The rest of the letters are consonants.
Circle the words that start with vowel letters.

all bat car doll ear foot god
hat ice jar kit log mat nib
owl pet queen ram seat toy uncle
vase wasp x-mas yolk zip
Circle the words that start with consonant letters.
acer boy camp doggie eagle face gun
hair inn jam keg lion man nit
oat pit quail rod salt tin up
vet wet xenon yacht zap
Speaking
Practice
Say whether the words related to the pictures start with vowel or
consonant letters.
grass fountain seeds
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

ant urn inn
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

7
kite soap inkpot
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
Listening
Practice
Repeat these small letters after your teacher.
Giraffe Letters b d f f h k l t
Monkey Letters g j p q y
Tortoise letters a c e l m n o r s u v w x z
Instant Practice
Name the following pictures that start with vowel letters.
eagle ant ear eraser arrow elephant
axe umpire actor inkpot eggplant orange
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

8
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
Instant Practice
Name the following pictures that start with consonant letters.
jug cat dog fan gun hut
bat kite lamp nose pen rat
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

9
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
…………………...... …………………...... …………………......
Instant Practice
Write which letter comes before the following letters.
b …….. v …….. l …….. u ……..

p …….. k …….. q …….. w ……..
y …….. f …….. r …….. v ……..
g …….. t …….. s …….. y ……..
w …….. d …….. p …….. a ……..
i …….. c …….. n …….. d ……..
d …….. h …….. o …….. h ……..
e …….. j …….. m …….. l ……..
Instant Practice
Write which letter comes after the following letters.
a …….. d …….. m …….. c ……..

c …….. g …….. s …….. n ……..

10
b …….. i …….. v …….. s ……..
n …….. h …….. u …….. p ……..
o …….. l …….. t …….. m ……..
p …….. k …….. w …….. q ……..
e …….. j …….. r …….. r ……..
q …….. f …….. n …….. t ……..
Alphabetical Order
coin
computer
copy
chick
clock
a. Write down the first letter of each of the above words.
……. ……. ……. ……. …….
b. Are the letters in ABC order?
c. Now write the letters in correct order.
……. ……. ……. ……. …….

11
Do You Know?
The words in dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order. The words
chick, clock, coin, computer and copy are in alphabetical order.
Instant Practice
Put the letters in alphabetical order.
1. k a l m r s t
2. b u r s t I a
3. m d h e f n o
4. h a m I o u c
5. c t y k a g e
6. n e m o I w z
7. h I l d e h n
8. n h I d f g k
9. k r a m e n t
10. b i n o d c k
11. l u b f g y h
12. i n k p o t s

12
Instant Practice
Tick the group of words that are in alphabetical order.
cat can ant ban

bat cat bat can
mat dog copy fan
rat fog dig sun
egg foe bay sat

mug doe may mat
toy ray day hat
ant are hay fat
Instant Practice
Put the group of words in alphabetical order.
my in for with
by on with next
on at from from
at to off nose
arrow ball comb hot

arm burn tomb pot
art blank nook but
apple bust took not
doll east king lamp

ball best ring camp
call rest sing tank
fall nest ting mump

13
Instant Practice
Write words starting with the following letters and put them in
alphabetical order.
s t h m
b r a c
n u o d
t u i j
m v s g
Instant Practice
Name the following pictures and put them in alphabetical order.
elephant flag giraffe house mouse
alligator badminton television watch apple

14
playground carrot parrot donkey baseball
Vocabulary in Use
Supply the correct rhyming word.
hat bat
pen hen
bin pin
ball wall
gate plate
dear near
bank tank
fan ran
bad sad
bun sun

15
Chapter
GET
STARTED
PERSONS, PLACES, 2
ANIMALS AND THINGS
Look and read.
I am a student. This is a hospital.
This is a dog. This is an iron.
Do You Know?
The coloured words are nouns. They are naming words. They are words
denoting a person, place, animal or thing.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and identify the noun words.
a. He is a photographer.
b. The boy is coming.

16
c. She is my aunt.
d. A washerman is washing clothes.
e. Where is the child?
f. They are barbers.
g. We have no workers.
h. You sing a song.
i. I drive a car.
Listening
Practice
Repeat these words after your teacher.

Persons: Ramesh, Deepak, Karma, Kamala, Rita, father, mother, doctor,
teacher, child
Places: Dharan, Dhankuta, Dhading, Pokhara, Rautahat, Siraha,
Bhaktapur, city, village
Things: book, copy, pen, pencil, eraser, laptop, cap, charger, wire, table, pot,
box, van
Animals: cow, buffalo, elephant, monkey, mouse, bull, hare, lion, tortoise,
cat, kangaroo
Instant Practice
Write any five nouns in each column.
Animals
People
Places
Things

17
Grammar Focus: Persons
Doctor Nurse Pilot
Policeman Minister Child
Kismat Prakriti Anustha
Instant Practice
Write who the following people are.
1. I am your father’s brother. _____________________________
2. I am your uncle’s son. _____________________________

18
3. I am your mother’s brother. _____________________________
4. I am your father’s father. _____________________________
5. I am your father’s mother. _____________________________
6. I am your father’s daughter. _____________________________
7. I am your mother’s son. _____________________________
8. I am your cousin’s father. _____________________________
9. I am your brother’s son. _____________________________
10. I am your mother’s sister. _____________________________
Grammar Focus: Places
House Grocery Super market
Playground Village City
Park Temple Hotel

19
Palace Health Post Post Office
Instant Practice
Write what the following places are.
1. It has old, historical things. _____________________________
2. We play football in it. _____________________________
3. We get grass and wood from this. _____________________________
4. People go for their treatment here. _____________________________
5. People go to worship here. _____________________________
6. People buy things here. _____________________________
7. Students go to get education. _____________________________
8. It is a small source of water. _____________________________
9. This room is used for sleeping. ___________________________
10. We plant different flowers here. ___________________________
Grammar Focus: Animals
Oxen Goat Sheep

20
Tiger Lion Jackal
Elephant Tortoise Horse
Bear Cat Snail
Instant Practice
Write what the following animals are.
1. It is used for ploughing the field. __________________
2. It carries us to different places. __________________
3. It is a very obedient caretaker pet. __________________
4. This pet loves fish and milk. __________________
5. It is the ship of desert. __________________
6. It gives us milk and dung. __________________
7. It is the largest living animal on earth. __________________
21
8. It gives us wool and meat. __________________
9. It has a long snout. __________________
10. It destroys crops. __________________
Grammar Focus: Things
Table Gun Stick
Punching Machine Glass Kite
Torch Shoes Coat
Doll Brush Bicycle

22
Instant Practice
Write what the following things are.
1. It is used when you are taking bath. __________________
2. It is used to draw pictures in lower grades. __________________
3. Small babies are fond of playing it. __________________
4. They are worn on our feet. __________________
5. It is used for brushing teeth. __________________
6. It tells you the time. __________________
7. It is used when you are worshipping. __________________
8. Every student has it. __________________
9. It is a piece of glass. __________________
10. It is used to hit a nail. __________________
Instant Practice
Pick out nouns and write them in the given spaces.
1. He is a painter. _______________________
2. The driver is driving. _______________________
3. One girl is dancing. _______________________
4. My sister is sleeping. _______________________
5. I met a nurse yesterday. _______________________
6. I have seen an ant. _______________________
7. Peacock is very beautiful. _______________________
8. I like butterflies. _______________________

23
9. We have an angry bull. _______________________
10. Snakes are poisonous. _______________________
11. I visited the zoo yesterday. _______________________
12. They are playing in the park. _______________________
13. My school is near. _______________________
14. A new bridge is there now. _______________________
15. This shop opens early. _______________________
16. I need an umbrella. _______________________
17. Mother is ringing a bell. _______________________
18. My watch is lost. _______________________
19. His ball is burst today. _______________________
20. Is this your pen? _______________________
Now put the underlined nouns in either of the columns.
People
Places
Things
Animals
Instant Practice
Pick out nouns and write them in the given spaces.
1. She is an architect. ___________________________
2. He is a pilot. ___________________________
3. They are players. ___________________________
4. Kamal is a shop keeper. ___________________________

24
5. A milkman sells milk. ___________________________
6. It that a frog? ___________________________
7. A snake crawls. ___________________________
8. There is a pig. ___________________________
9. Look at these ducks. ___________________________
10. These pigeons are white. ___________________________
11. I visited the museum yesterday. ___________________________
12. They are playing in the ground. ___________________________
13. This church is sacred. ___________________________
14. Kathmandu is a big city. ___________________________
15. This is my bedroom. ___________________________
16. I need a beautiful bat. ___________________________
17. Mother has lost the key. ___________________________
18. She has bought a belt. ___________________________
19. Do you have a gun? __________________________
20. I am sitting on a chair? ___________________________
Now put the underlined nouns in either of the columns.

People
Places
Things
Animals

25
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks choosing one of the nouns given below.
barber beggar postman Kathmandu knife
kitchen field mobile fish cheetah
1. A ……….delivers letters.
2. A ………. asks for alms.
3. A ………. trims hair.
4. The capital of Nepal is……….
5. We cut vegetables with a ……….
6. Mother is cooking food in the ……….
7. The farmer is planting crops in the ……….
8. I sent message to my brother with the help of……….
9. All……….live in water.
10. A ……….runs fast.
Vocabulary in Use
Supply the correct opposite word.
brother
dry
high
spring
strong
tall
tidy
uncle
wide
wise

26
Chapter
GET
STARTED
COMMON AND PROPER
3
NOUNS
Look and read.
Karan is a boy. Karina is a girl. Hem is a man. Hema is a woman.
Kathmandu is Pintu is a dog. Cobra is a Shine is a bike.

a city. snake.
Do You Know?
The coloured words are nouns. They name person, place, animal or things.
Nouns can be common and proper. The word boy, girl, man, woman, city,
dog, snake and bike are common nouns. Karan, Karina, Hem, Hema,
Kathmandu, Pintu, Cobra and Shine are proper nouns.

27
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
a. What is your name?
……………………………………………………..
b. Where do you live in?
……………………………………………………..
c. Where do you play?
……………………………………………………..
d. How do you write with?
……………………………………………………..
e. Which is your best pet?
……………………………………………………..
f. Who is your class teacher?
……………………………………………………..
g. Who is your best friend?
……………………………………………………..
h. What is your favourite colour?
……………………………………………………..

28
Listening
Practice
Common Nouns Proper Nouns
boy Hari, Ram, Shyam, Roman, Dawa, Roshan,
Krishal, Krishna
girl Menuka, Nemika, Bishnu, Kamana, Jenisha,
Asmita, Ansu
Persons
teacher Mohan, Mina, Muskan, Nawa Raj, Basu,
Padam, Pabitra
doctor Govinda K.C. Nima Ojha, Ramhari Regmi,
Govinda Regmi
town Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Dharan,
Bhaktapur
village Budhathum, Baseri, Mulpani, Phulkharka,
Places Sertung, Salyan
country Nepal, India, Pakistan, China, Britain,
Bhutan, Japan
sea Atlantic, Arctic, Red, Mediterrian
buildings Singh Durbar, Taj Mahal, City Centre,
Gorkha Durbar
Things bike Honda, Shine, Pulsar, Apache
toothpaste Pespodent, Colgate, Dabur Red
laptop Lenovo, Dell, Apple, Acer, HP
dog George, Pintu, Binto, Brave, Mintu, Pyaku
Animals cat Kitty, Pretty, Lucky, Mithu , Lauki
elephant Balwan, Bhola, Dhurbe, Sathi
Quick Tip
Common nouns are capitalized only if they are used as the subject
of a sentence but proper nouns are always written in capital
letters.

29
Grammar Focus: Common or Proper Nouns?
Look and read.
Rose is a flower. Binod is a boy. Naina is a girl. Dip is a merchant.
Bimal is a Rajesh is an Motiram is a Parijat is a

player. actor. poet. poetess.
Apple is a fruit. Rani is a cow. Dettol is a soap. Bagmati is a river.
Fanta is a
Rara is a lake. Steel is a metal. Crow is a bird.
drink.

30
Now put the coloured nouns in the right column.
Common Proper Common Proper
Instant Practice
Write any two proper nouns for the following common nouns.
Common Noun Proper Noun Common Noun Proper Noun
school bird
doctor village
farmer city
student river
cow leader
pilot hotel
fruit artist
vegetable writer
singer month
player day
movies newspaper

31
Instant Practice
Write common nouns for the following proper nouns.
Proper Noun Common Noun Proper Noun Common Noun
Sony America
Monday Geeta
March English
2018 Pashupatinath
Biratnagar New Road
Lily Nikhil Upreti
LG Kunti Moktan
Tribhuwan Dipak Bista
Mt. Everest Dashain
Budhigandaki Gorkha
Phewa Gopi Krishna
Instant Practice
Find common nouns in the following grid.
D C O L L E G E E U
O T T G W S E A L T
G E E A O R I V E R
H A M R M T O Y P O
O C P D A A S S H O
R H L E N D O E A M
S E E N M A N K N L
E R C O A C H S T K
P A R R O T B I K E

32
Instant Practice
Complete the following table.
My Friends My family Players Singers
members
Instant Practice
Complete the following table with common nouns.
Persons Places Things Animals
poet airport toy buffalo

33
Vocabulary in Use
Supply the correct similar word.
big
boy
clever
door
house
land
road
tidy
wide
window
Match the following.

water house
police supply
paper station
leather phone
head bag

34
Chapter
GET
STARTED
SINGULAR AND PLURAL
4
NOUNS
Look and read.
a pen two pens a man two men
a cat three cats a book four books
an egg many eggs a kite many kites
Do You Know?
Nouns can be singular or plural. The noun that means only one thing or
person is a singular noun. The noun that means more than one thing or
person is a plural noun. The words pen, man, cat, book, egg and kite are
singular nouns whereas pens, men, cats, books, eggs and kites are plural
nouns.

35
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

A: How many cups are there?
B: …………………………………
A: How many tongs are there?

B: …………………………………
A: How many balls are there?

B: …………………………………
A: How many apples are there?

: …………………………………
A: How many cameras are there?

B: …………………………
Listening
Practice
Singular Noun Plural Noun Singular Noun Plural Noun

ant ants chair chairs
kite kites glass glasses
mobile mobiles cap caps

36
man men hand hands
cat cats finger fingers
house houses toy toys
table tables book books
clock clocks cooker cookers
bag bags nail nails
bottle bottles hammer hammers
Look and read.

a parrot an aeroplane two spoons

three balls many chalks several people
Quick Tip
We use articles ‘a’ or ‘an’ before singular nouns. We use determiners
like two, three, many, some, several, etc. before plural nouns.
Grammar Focus: Formation of Plural Nouns

Adding -s Adding -es
bag bags uncle uncles
car cars beach beaches
lion lions bench benches

37
photo photos box boxes
cliff cliffs buffalo buffaloes
monkey monkeys bus buses
book books bush bushes
day days echo echoes
room rooms fox foxes
chair chairs glass glasses
pot pots hero heroes
chef chefs mango mangoes
roof roofs match matches
donkey donkeys mosquito mosquitoes
studio studios potato potatoes
tiger tigers tax taxes
toy toys tomato tomatoes
week weeks tornado tornadoes
year years watch watches
Instant Practice
Change the following nouns into plural.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
shoe glass
cat box
apple watch
rat coach
bird dress
ant taxi
duck dish
rose eye
eagle ear

38
elephant bench
church pencil
key book
Instant Practice
Change the following nouns into singular.
Plural Singular Plural Singular
places lists
insects singers
policemen players
women poets
men farmers
pictures laptops
pages rooms
tigers boxes
fans coats
cycles taxes
wings walls
twigs drivers
plants axes
grapes onions
students fingers
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with correct nouns.
1. I have two……. (sister/sisters) and three……. (brother/brothers)
2. She has a………(pen/pens) and eight …….. (book/books)
3. The dog has four…….. (leg/legs), two…… (eye/eyes) and a……. (tail/
tails)

39
4. There are seven……… (day/days) in a ……. (week/weeks)
5. There are twelve……… (month/months) in a ……. (year/years)
6. There are four……… (season/seasons) in a year.
7. A book has many…… (page/pages), …….. (picture/pictures) and ……..
(exercise/exercises)
8. Every human has a ………. (nose/noses), two…… (eye/eyes), two…..
(ear/ears), a……..(tongue/tongues) and a ………. (head/heads)
9. I have taken a……. (photo/photos) of my house.
10. Every dog has a…….. (tail/tails)
Instant Practice
Change the following plural nouns into singular.
Oregon sppotted frog

(Rana pretiosa)
South American caecilian

(Siphonops annulatus)
Dakota toad
(Bufo hemiophyrys)
large-blotched salamander
(Ensatina eschschottzii)
Amphibians live on land or in the water. They are vertebrates, or animals

with backbones. They were the first vertebrates to appear on land. The early
amphibians were the ancestors of all reptiles, birds and mammals. Frogs
and toads characterize the first while salamanders and newts represent the
second group of amphibians. Caecilians make the third group.
40
Some species of amphibians live only on land and some in the water. Most of
them, however, spend at least part of the time on land and part in the water.
They live in the areas between fresh water and dry land or in regions that
have plenty of dew and moisture.
They do not have hair or feathers. The skin absorbs water and oxygen.
The skin of them is moist. In most species, if the skin dries up, the animal
soon dies. The skin’s protective properties include the ability to change
colour. This can help them hide from enemies by appearing to be a part of
its surroundings. At other times, parts of their skin may become brightly
coloured as a warning for enemies to keep away.
They usually have flat, wide skulls. Although they have teeth, the frogs,
toads and salamanders do not chew their food. They use their long, flexible
tongues to capture their prey, which they then swallow whole.
Irregular Plural Nouns
foot feet
mouse mice
man men
child children
tooth teeth

41
goose geese
woman women
fish fish
person people
ox oxen
sheep sheep
deer deer
moose moose
cactus cacti

42
Vocabulary in Use
Tea is cold.
Ice is hot.
Boys is watching a movie.
Mother is shining bright.
The Sun are playing basketball.
Teacher are practicing cricket.
They is very strong.
My Grandmother has destroyed the crops.
Boxing Champion is very old.
Heavy Rain is teaching now.

43
Chapter
GET
STARTED
COUNTABLE AND 5
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Look and read.
table chair rice
toy car salt
eraser coffee honey
soup sugar sharpener

44
Do You Know?
Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Objects that we can count are
countable nouns. Objects that we cannot count are uncountable nouns.
Here, table, chair, toy, car, eraser and sharpener are countable nouns
whereas rice, salt, sugar, coffee, honey and soup are uncountable nouns.
Speaking
Practice
Say whether the underlined nouns are countable or uncountable.

a. Water is tasteless.
b. Ice melts when it is heated.
c. Tea is my best drink.
d. This sack contains sand.
e. These are apples.
f. My brother has many toys.
g. Many schools are closed in winter.
h. The book is on the table.
Listening
Practice

Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
cap, book, cupboard, players, singers, tea, coffee, milk, soup, hair, salt,
monkeys, kites, roses, elephants, ice, juice curd, water, milk, dust,
bottles, rooms, tree, building, road, powder, snow, pulses, rice, mustard,
branch, twig, reptiles, mammals, sugar, sand, mud, butter, oil, blood,
birds, cats, dog, parrot, ant, boat toothpaste

45
Instant Practice
Look at the pictures and name the following uncountable nouns.
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………

water dust powder snow pulses rice blood tea
coffee milk soup hair salt ice juice curd

46
Instant Practice
Look at the pictures and name the following countable nouns.
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………
………………… ………………… ………………… ………………

diary pencil eraser bottle mango cup eye apple toy cap
cow boy potato box bag ruler watch ear key madal

47
Instant Practice
Find uncountable nouns in the following grid.
H C O K E G R A S S
O U F L O U R J A M
N I B U T T E R T S
E C U R D B L O O D
Y E H B E E R I N K
S O U P W I N E F T
A P A S T E W A V E
N K W A T E R G H E
D U S T P O W D E R
Instant Practice
Find countable nouns in the following grid.
H C B M R B P E P T
O O E O A U A R U E
R M N N T T R A P A
S P C K M T R S P C
E U H E A E O E I H
K T B Y T R T R E E
I E U A C F F H S R
T R N N A L L E M D
E G S T T Y Y N D R

48
Vocabulary in Use
bright ugly
beautiful low
difficult narrow
easy dull
high stupid
honest short
long easy
strong uneasy
wide dishonest
wise weak

hero cockroaches
box churches
dish heroes
buffalo boxes
dress dishes
church radishes
cockroaches buffaloes
radish dresses

49
Chapter
GET
STARTED
GENDER NOUNS 6
Look and read.
husband wife father mother
brother sister son daughter
horse mare bull cow
cock hen sheep ewe

50
Do You Know?
Nouns can be masculine and feminine. Masculine nouns are words for
men and boys, and male animals. Feminine nouns are words for women
and girls, and female animals. The words husband, father, brother, son,
horse, bull, cock and sheep are masculine nouns. The words wife, mother,
sister, daughter, mare, cow, hen and ewe are feminine nouns.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

a. Are you a boy or a girl?
b. Who loves you much, father or mother?
c. Who takes you to school, brother or sister?
d. Are there the actors and actresses of this movie?
e. Are men and women equal?
f. Should husband and wife both be educated?
Listening
Practice

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
boy girl male female
man woman master mistress
husband wife father mother
uncle aunt prince princess
bridegroom bride sir madam
ox cow dog bitch
king queen lion lioness

51
Instant Practice
Find masculine nouns in the following grid.
H G H U S B A N D P
O O M N T F O X S E
R O A E I H E N T A
S S S P G R A M A C
E E T H E H B F L O
B M E E R E U T L C
U U R W W T L O I K
C L D E E R L I O N
K E C O C K S O N H
Instant Practice
Complete the following pair.
1. lion and ………. 6. ………and mistress
2. heir and ………. 7. ……….and huntress
3. waiter and ………. 8. ……….and priestess
4. murderer and ………. 9. ……….and lioness
5. hero and ………. 10. sheep and ……….
Instant Practice
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
tiger poet
nephew prince
king grandfather
horse grandson
chicken gentleman

52
hero god
actor man
Instant Practice
Find feminine nouns in the following grid.
D T I G R E S S B L
U C O W G O O S E I
C S I S T E R E E O
K Q U E E N R Y M N
V M A D A M D P A E
I G I R L D E E R S
X W I F E E W E E S
E B I T C H A U N T
N H O S T E S S B O
Vocabulary in Use
rise push
awake hate
enjoy criticize
laugh set
love mourn
praise sleep
pull cry
scold sit
stand flatter
work relax

53
Chapter
GET
STARTED
ARTICLES 7
Look and read.
a coin a chick a ball a frog
a motorbike a washing machine an aeroplane an elephant

an apple an ant an ostrich an umbrella
the sun the Radio the Great Wall of China the Moon

54
Do You Know?
The words a, an and the are articles. They are demonstrative adjectives.
They come before noun to indicate, specify or limit it.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
A: What is the boy doing?

……………………………….
A: What is the boy carrying?

……………………………….
A: What is this?
……………………………….
A: What is this?
……………………………….
A: What is this?
……………………………….

55
Listening
Practice
Repeat after your teacher.
A AN THE NO ARTICLE
a bat an uncle the star some milk
a cat an insect the telescope some salt
a dog an eraser the Bible three liter kerosene
a monkey an eagle the sitar two spoonful sugar
a chair an orange the biggest last Friday
a fan an arch the Himalayan Times yellow colour
a gun an old man the Karnali white paint

Grammar Focus: A
Look and read.
a kite a boy a can a doctor a fox a goat
a hat a jug a lighter a man a pig a quail
a rose a star a toy a van a wasp a zebra
Quick Tip
‘A’ is used before singular countable nouns starting with consonant
sound. It is used with consonant letters B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L,
M, N, P, Q R, S, T, V, W, X, Y and Z.

56
Grammar Focus: An
Look and read.
an anchor an arch an apricot an alloy pot an arm chair
an ear ring an inn an engineer an ox an onion
an airport an owl an umber an essay an actress
Quick Tip
‘An’ is used before singular countable nouns starting with vowel
sound. It is used with vowel letters A, E, I, O and U.
Grammar Focus: The

Look and read.
the Mahabharata the Geeta the tallest boy the Bagmati river
the Rising Nepal the flute the Taj Mahal the east
the Prime Minister the first boy the sun the moon
Quick Tip
‘The’ is used before the specific nouns. They are unique and we
already know about the noun.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an.’
……… arm chair ………exercise copy ………serpent
……… old man ………donkey ……… nurse

57
……… accident ………leaf ………candle
……… bus ……… eye glass ………poet
……… cactus tree ……… eagle ………goat
……… duck ………dove ………tortoise
……… engine ……… ostrich ………engineer
……… eucalyptus tree ……… frog ………cup
……… fat boy ………cup ………cupboard
……… good girl ……… bread ………sweater
……… pilot ………eraser ………fan
………zoo ………kind man ………lame person
……… intelligent boy ………interesting story ………insect killer
……… emperor ………cock ……… bride
………urinary method ……… hen ………ultra violet ray
……… ice bag ……… bull ………cameraman
………cleaner ………under table ………undertaker
Instant Practice
Fill in the gaps with ‘the’ where necessary.
………Quran ………principal ………moon

………Bible ………library ………sun
……Hanging Garden ………kitchen ………world
………Atlantic ………north ………Rapti
………second ……Himalayan Times ………Narayani
………smallest ………Rising Nepal ………Bagmati
………water ………coffee ………boy in suit
………Titanic ………man in red hat ………schools
………tea ……… rooms ………Ramayana
………last house …….water in that glass ………fans

58
Instant Practice
Complete the following stories with ‘a’ ‘an’ or ‘the’.
a. On ……hot summer day, ……..fox came upon ……..orchard and saw
……..bunch of ripened grapes. …….. fox planned to satisfy its hunger
. ……..fox…….. moved back …….. few paces and jumped to reach ……..
grapes. ……..fox tried many times to reach to ……..bunch of grapes
but in vain. ……..fox was tired of ……..tiring work and concluded that
……..grapes were sour.
b. Once upon …….time, there was …….shoemaker. …….shoemaker
lived in …….small hut. He could make very beautiful shoes. One
day,……rich lady…….. came to …….shoemaker. She wanted
…….original pair of sandals made for her. …….shoemaker worked for
…….month and made…….beautiful pair of sandals. When ……..lady
came, she was not at all happy with……..sandals. ………… Sandals
were made of glass and ………lady was quite fat. She knew what would
happen if she wore …….sandals! ………sandals would break.
Vocabulary in Use
comfortably fast
easily softly
nicely weakly
honestly dishonestly
hurriedly difficultly
loudly slowly
hardly uncomfortably
slowly badly
strongly foolishly
wisely peacefully

59
Chapter
GET
STARTED
PRONOUNS 8
Look and learn.
I am Himani shah. I read in grade two. We are players. We play football.
You are a good boy. You always study He is a painter. He paints very
well. well.
She is a nurse. She takes care of It is a pen. It writes smooth.

patients.
They are my sisters. They love He is our teacher. He teaches us

playing. very nicely.

60
Do You Know?
The coloured words are pronouns. They are used in place of nouns. They
are used to avoid unnecessary repetition of noun in writing.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

A: Where are the children going? A: What are the boys doing?
……………………………………. ………………………………

A: What is the boy doing? A: What is the girl doing?
…………………………… ……………………………

A: What is the hen doing? A: What is the teacher doing?
…………………………. …………………………

61
Listening
Practice
Repeat these pronouns after your teacher.

Person Subjective Objective Possessive Self-forms
case case P1 P2
1st I Me My Mine Myself
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
2nd You You Your Yours Yourself/
Yourselves
3rd She Her Her Hers Herself
He Him His His Himself
It It It Its Itself
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
Grammar Focus: Subject Pronouns

Look and read.
I am an architect. I design We are farmers. We work in the

buildings. field.
You are an honest man. You always He is a cook. He cooks food.

work hard.

62
She is a housemaid. She cleans the It is a lake. It is very deep.
house.
They are my friends. They are They are sad. They lost their school
happy. bag.
Quick Tip
Subject pronouns are those that are used as the subject of a
sentence. I, we, you, he, she, it and they are subject pronouns.
Instant Practice
Underline subject pronouns in the following sentences.
1. I am a cowboy. I rear cows.
2. We are from the village. We are farmers.
3. You are intelligent. You learn fast.
4. He is a naughty boy. He always troubles us.

63
5. She swims fast. She has won many medals.
6. It is raining. It rained yesterday, too.
7. They are coming here. They want to talk to us.
Grammar Focus: Object Pronouns
I’m doing my homework. Mother is They always help us.

helping me.
Goodbye, children! I’ll call you Where is Mohan? I need to speak to

later. him.
Miss Gita is very nice. All the The car was very dirty. Mom cleaned
children like her. it.

64
My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
Quick Tip
Object pronouns are those that are used as the object of a
sentence. Me, us, you, him, her, it and them are object pronouns.
Instant Practice
Underline object pronouns in the following sentences.
1. Please help me. If you help me, I’ll help you.
2. Our parents give us many sweets.
3. Can I help you? How can I help you?
4. I have known him for many years.
5. We have seen her closely.
6. Do you like it? I do not like it.
7. Many people are sick. We must help them.

65
Grammar Focus: Possessive Pronouns
Look and read.
This is my house. This is our school.
This is your bag. Aman is his brother.
Amrita is her sister. They are doing their homework.
Quick Tip
Possessive pronouns are those that are used to show belongings.
My, our, your, his, her and their are possessive pronouns.

66
Instant Practice
Underline possessive pronouns.
1. My name is Kaman. My brother’s name is Jubal.
2. Our English teacher is very smart. His teaching style is very nice.
3. Your bag is too heavy. I can’t carry your bag.
4. His house is very tall. My house is very small.
5. Her writing is perfect. Her father taught her.
6. Their school has many computers.
Grammar Focus: Replacing Words
Pronouns Meaning Examples
I only one person is speaking I am a boy. I am a girl.
more than one person is Hem and I, Minu and I, Kaman
We
speaking and I
the person you are speaking You are a teacher. You are a
You
to lawyer.
a male character we are Ram, Raj, Tom, Tashi, Jamal
He
talking about
a female character we are Arati, Aruna, Anu, Bina, Binisa
She
talking about
animal or thing we are the dog, the cat, the school, the
It
talking about park
more than one person, animal the dogs, the cats, the boys,
They
or thing women
Instant Practice
Replace the underlined words with correct pronouns.
1. Alan and I eat lunch in the cafeteria.
2. The boy liked the picture.
3. Kamala and Hem watch TV after dinner.

67
4. Mrs. Sharma likes pie for dessert.
5. The dogs are barking.
6. These cars are very old.
7. Many people are sitting in the park.
8. The rabbit is white. The rabbit is beautiful.
Instant Practice
Underline pronouns in the following sentences.
1. He went to the zoo yesterday.
2. They stayed in Vancouver for a week.
3. She spent one hundred dollars.
4. We walked along the way.
5. I saw somebody at the desk.
6. He went somewhere last night.
7. She has something to do.
8. We saw nobody at all in the park.
9. They gave us nothing to eat.
10. We went nowhere after the dance.
11. You are a careless person.
12. It takes me seven minutes to walk there.
13. It took them many years to build the road.
14. He learns all the new words.
15. We must hurry in order to get there early.
16. He should spend more time on his English.
17. She has to attend class every day.
18. I will answer your letter at once.
19. We will telephone her right away.
20. He stays at home and rest.

68
Instant Practice
Replace the following nouns with correct pronouns.
boy ………………… girl …………………
father ………………… mother …………………
husband ………………… wife …………………
man ………………… woman …………………
niece ………………… mistress …………………
princess ………………… master …………………
madam ………………… nephew …………………
daughter ………………… prince …………………
aunt ………………… sir …………………
uncle ………………… son …………………
Instant Practice
Replace the following nouns with correct pronouns.
My father …………………… Riya and Rima ……………………

Maya …………………… Heman and I ……………………
Aryan …………………… Gems and Hem ……………………
The school …………………… Diya and I ……………………
Nepal …………………… My father and I ……………………
Kathmandu …………………… Hira and Hema ……………………
Kamala …………………… Krishala ……………………
Sabin …………………… Kabindra ……………………
Ananda …………………… Manoj ……………………
Diya …………………… My sister ……………………

69
Instant Practice
Underline pronouns in the following text.
Mina tapped her foot impatiently while she waited for her mother to decide.
Her mother seemed to be taking an age. First she had to turn the oven on and
then she decided the sink needed cleaning.
Mina waited patiently, but she could not help drumming her fingers upon the
table. One sharp glance from her mother and Mina stopped.
Just when it looked as if her mother might decide, Mina’s brother Mohan
wandered in, with his friend Tarzan. The two boys made straight for the
fridge. They didn’t even glance at Mrs. Thapa. It was as if they had not even
seen her.
“Who said you could help yourselves?” snapped Mrs. Thapa. The boys
grinned sheepishly.
“But we are starving,” whined Mohan. Tarzan looked embarrassed. He hadn’t
bargained to mingle with an irate mother on the prowl.
She fixed the children with one of her famous looks and, with a sharp intake
of breath, launched into what turned out to be a force eight blast of irritation
that had brewed over the last few weeks. They deserved it and they knew it.
Mina stared at her shoe caps and toed the carpet.
Vocabulary in Use
big home
clever regard
door broad
house intelligent
lad clean
land path
respect boy
road large
tidy entry
wide ground

70
Chapter
GET
STARTED THIS, THAT, 9
THESE, THOSE
Look and learn.
This is a hen. That is a hat.
These are marbles. Those are oranges.
This is an octopus. That is an umbrella.
These are dogs. Those are cats.

71
Do You Know?
The coloured words this, these, that and those are called demonstrative
pronouns. They are showing words. The words this and that are used
with singular countable nouns but these and those are used with plural
countable nouns. This and these are used to show near objects but that
and those are used to show far objects.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
A: What is this?
B: ……………………………….
A: What is that?
B: ……………………………….

A: What are these?

B: …………………………

72
Listening
Practice
Listen and repeat.
This is a parrot. These are capsicums. This is a bear. These are oranges.

That is the moon. That is ship. Those are shoes.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with this or these.
1. ……………is my car.
2. …………… are my books.
3. …………… are my cell phones.
4. …………… is my house.
5. …………… is a marker.
6. …………… are my copies.
7. …………… are students.
8. …………… is my bag.
9. …………… are my shoes.
10. …………… is my cap.
73
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with that or those.
1. …………… is a cycle.
2. ……………are pots.
3. ……………are my friends.
4. ……………is a dog.
5. ……………are trees.
6. ……………is my room.
7. ……………is a broom.
8. ……………are apples.
9. ……………are his sisters.
10. ……………is a heater.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with this, these, that or those.
………is a hundred rupee note. ……….is an ear. ………..is a clock.
…………are copies. ……………are dogs.
……...…is an aeroplane. ......………are cubs.

74
Vocabulary in Use
blue rope
dark fruit
deep night
easy sky
fresh grass
green voice
long street
narrow question
smart months
sweet sea
tall child
twelve tree

dead mild
great small
neck small
null buried

75
Chapter
GET
STARTED
APOSTROPHE (’) 10
Look and read.
This house belongs to Hem. Ana has a purse.

This is hem’s house. This purse is Ana’s.
His sister is getting married. This toilet is for boys.

He is going to his sister’s marriage. This is boys’ toilet.
My father has a car. Tom invited me to his office.

This is my father’s car. I went to Tom’s office.
The girl has washed her skirt. The student has bought pencils.
This is the girl’s skirt. This pencil is the student’s.

76
Do You Know?
The coloured words contain apostrophes. Apostrophes (’) are used to show
that something belongs to someone.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

A: Whose house is this? A: Whose cycle is this?
B: ………………… (Tsering) B: ………………… (Anu)

A: Whose cup is this? A: Whose sheep are these?
B: ………………… (Birbal) B: ………………… (the girl)

A: Whose skipping is this? A: Whose carom board is this?
B: ………………… (school) B: ………… (shop keeper)

77
Listening
Practice

Possessive Possessive
Apostrophes Apostrophes
Adjectives Adjectives
Her books Nandi’s books The uncle of Sabin Sabin’s uncle
His cars Dayan’s cars The taxi of Sarita Sarita’s taxi
Its tail The dog’s tail The book of Devkota Devkota’s book
Her friend Mina’s friend The cat of Mrs. Rai Mrs. Rai’s cat
His father Motiram’s father The writing of Binod Binod’s writing
Grammar Focus: Singular and Plural Apostrophe

Singular Apostrophe Plural Apostrophe
boy boy’s boys boys’
teacher teacher’s teachers teachers’
student student’s students students’
the farmer the farmer’s the farmers the farmers’
sister sister’s sisters sisters’
Instant Practice
Rewrite these sentences as in the example.
1. The books of Rohan are wet.
Rohan’s books are wet.
2. The house of my uncle is small.
…………………………………..
3. The car of my father is red.
…………………………………..
78
4. The kitchen of this house is narrow.
…………………………………..
5. The role of parents is great.
…………………………………..
6. The garden of this house is spacious.
…………………………………..
7. The song of Narayan Gopal is immortal.
…………………………………..
8. The words of mother are inspiring.
…………………………………..
9. The price of this car is very high.
…………………………………..
10. The hat of Tom is pink.
…………………………………..
Instant Practice
Add apostrophe in the following words.
bird …………………… sister ……………………
cat …………………… brothers ……………………
dog …………………… teachers ……………………
fish …………………… father ……………………
elephant …………………… students ……………………
hen …………………… uncle ……………………
Hem …………………… aunt ……………………

79
Nina …………………… maid ……………………
Abita …………………… servant ……………………
Sudip …………………… singers ……………………
Instant Practice
Change the following sentences as given in example.
1. This is the book of John. This is John’s book.
2. This is the pen of Hemanta.
…………………………………..
3. The office of Mr. Sami is very large.
…………………………………..
4. This is the notebook of Saran.
…………………………………..
5. He’s the teacher of Hiramaya.
…………………………………..
6. He’s also the teacher of my friend.
…………………………………..
7. She is the wife of Mr. Smith.
…………………………………..
8. The house of my friends is beautiful.
…………………………………..
9. That is the room of the teachers.
…………………………………..
10. What´s the name of that man?
…………………………………..

80
Vocabulary in Use
Circle the odd one out.

1. pen pencil book bag play
2. eat park tree bench monkey
3. eye walk ear nose tongue
4. boy fat girl man woman
5. car bus cry taxi van
6. cow sheep grass buffalo goat
7. glass dog cat pen ring
8. hide tail gun table fan
9. book copy rack sing box
10. bread egg milk jam say

un craft
in known
every in
air thing
some selves
with stead
them one

81
Chapter
11
GET
STARTED
BE VERBS
Look and read.
My name is Nita. I am eight years old.
Kamal and Hem They are also from the

are my friends. same village.
I was six years old
last year. My friends were between
six and eight years last year.
Do You Know?
The coloured words are different forms of ‘be’ verbs. We use am with I
only as a subject. We use ‘is’ with he, she and it as a subject. We use are
with we, you and they. We use was with I, he, she and it as a subject.
We use were with you, we and they as a subject. Is, am and are belong
to present verbs and was and were belong to past verbs. They are the
different form of the verb ‘be’.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
a. Who are you?
………………………………………….
b. Who is your best friend?
………………………………………….

82
c. Who are your brothers and sisters?
………………………………………….
d. Who was your class teacher in grade one?
………………………………………….
e. Who were your best teachers in grade one?
………………………………………….
Listening
Practice
I am happy today. He is happy today.
She is happy today. The cat is happy today.
We are happy today. They are happy today.
You are happy today. Mohan is happy today.
Mina is happy today. Mohan and Mina are happy today.
I was happy yesterday. We were happy yesterday.
They were happy yesterday. Mohan was happy yesterday.
Mina was happy yesterday. Mohan and Mina were happy yesterday.

83
Instant Practice
Make as many sentences as possible from the table.
I am
Aman
Amrita
He
She
It
The dog
The cat is
This
That
My brother
My sister
The beggar running.
We
You
They
Aman and Amrita
The dogs
The cats
These are
Those
My brothers
My sisters
The beggars

84
Instant Practice
Group the following nouns and pronouns under the suitable columns.
I We You He She It They
Biru Aman The The Dogs Cats Teacher
boys girls
Farmers Scientists His My A doctor Doctors A nurse
uncle friends
Nurses A Tailor Tailors My Sisters
sister
Is Am Are
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘is’ or ‘are’.
1. There ...... a fence around the sanctuary.
2. There ...... trees along the road.
3. There ...... a rainbow in the sky.
4. There ...... lots of parks in our town.
5. There ...... nothing in the cupboard.
6. There ...... not many bedrooms in the new house.
7. There ...... lots of mistakes on your test paper.
8. There ...... a nest in the tree.
9. There ...... ants in the cookies.
10. There ...... many different kinds of animals in the zoo.

85
11. There ...... plenty of food on the table.
12. There ...... a church on the hilltop.
13. There ...... no more water in the pool.
14. There ...... too many people on the beach.
15. There ...... only a few customers in the shop.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.
1. It …..a lovely day yesterday.
2. My brother……a tall handsome boy.
3. She ……a man of manners.
4. We ……the last persons to reach there.
5. They ….waiting for us.
6. You……dancing and I ……looking at your dance.
7. Many guests ……enjoying the party.
8. It ……a wonderful experience for me!
9. We ……both hungry and tired.
10. The story ……both interesting and short.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.
1. Boris_____ learning English.
2. They____ swimming in the lake.
3. Your father ____repairing the car.

86
4. I ___reading a magazine.
5. You___ packing your bag.
6. My friends ___watching the match on TV.
7. It___ raining.
8. The dog___ barking.
9. The children ____brushing their teeth.
10. Ana and Mina____ singing a song.
Vocabulary in Use

snuff timidly
fortune cause to fall
blow down tobacco taken in the form of powder
deceive fate or future of a person
bustled up in fact
churn very quickly
indeed mislead, cheat
get down cause to fall
in an instant a large container for making butter
shyly hurried up

87
Chapter
GET
STARTED
HAVE VERBS 12
Look and read.
Lal is a farmer. He has two cows. Our cat has three kittens.
Our dog Tatty has two puppies. My aunt is a tailor. She has a stitching
machine.
The basketball players have a I am a teacher. I have a chalk.

basketball.
Ram and Rita are students. They We are painters. We have a paintbrush
have books. each.

88
Do You Know?
The coloured words are different forms of ‘have’ verbs.. We use
‘have’ with I, we, they and you as a subject. We use has with he, she
and it as a subject. All these verbs are used in present tense. They are the
different form of the verb ‘have’.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
A: Do you have a bicycle?
B: ………………………………………….
A: Does your father have a car?
B: ………………………………………….
A: Do they have their own house?
B: ………………………………………….
A: Do you have your all books?
B: ………………………………………….
A: Does she have her own guitar?
B: ………………………………………….
A: Do you have a pen?
B: ………………………………………….
Listening
Practice
I have a guitar. We have a guitar.
You have a guitar. He has a guitar.
She has a guitar. They have a guitar.
Maya has a guitar. Mohan has a guitar.
89
Maya and Mohan have a guitar. The boys have a guitar.
The girl has a guitar. The teacher has a guitar.
This boy has a guitar. That boy has a guitar.
These boys have a guitar. Those boys have a guitar.
Instant Practice
Make as many sentences as possible from the table.
Aman
Amrita
He
She
It
The dog
has
The cat
This
That
My brother
My sister a head.
The beggar
We
You
They
Aman and Amrita
The dogs
The cats have
These
Those
My brothers
My sisters
The beggars

90
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘have’ or ‘has’.
1. My father ……..long mustache.
2. She ……..long hair.
3. We have ……..a new class.
4. They ……..moved to a new house.
5. The elephant……..a tusk.
6. The school……..a swimming pool.
7. He ……..a doll.
8. You……..a large eraser.
9. The children ……..many pencils and erasers.
10. The dog ……..a tail.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘have’ or ‘has’.
1. I……..a new watch.
2. We……..a new apartment.
3. You……..a new jacket.
4. She……..bought an eraser.
5. He……..a teddy bear.
6. It……..a large room.
7. They……..a beautiful car.
8. That man……..a lot of servants.
9. My father……..a golden plate.

91
10. Heman ……..a water factory.
11. An owl ……..large eyes.
12. I ……..four essay books.
13. She ……..ribbons.
14. The dog ……..a bone.
Instant Practice
Rewrite the following sentences correctly.
1. A room have a window.
2. A school have many students.
3. A class have a door.
4. A swimming pool have water.
5. Industries has many workers.
6. Vehicles has seats.
7. Birds has a beak.
8. Elephants has a tusk.
9. Cows has horns.
10. Aeroplanes has wings.
11. Mohan have a fractured leg.
12. Minju have a new pair of shoes.
13. I has a brother.
14. We has two sisters.

92
Vocabulary in Use
tiger fawn
sheep puppy
pig pony
horse cub
hen chick
goat calf
dog lamb
deer piglet
cow kitten
cat kid
long span
fifty saw
life nine
wind power
far distance
see riding
horse range

93
Chapter
GET
STARTED
ADJECTIVES 13
Read the following text.
A man was travelling through a dark, wet, dense
forest on a horse. The cold air seemed to move in
his heavy, black, tattered coat. As he moved
forward into the forest, the darkness moved
closer. He could no longer see the silver
buttons of his coat. His hands became odd.
So he did not see the horse’s sharp ears stick straight as he picked up
on a distant sound, too soft for a human to hear. It was a sound that he
knew only too well – the sound of pointed claws, the soft padding of swift
feet. It was the clear sound of a wolf. A lean, grey wolf with sharp eyes and
an empty belly walked in quiet steps towards him.
Do You Know?
The coloured words are adjectives. They describe the noun or pronoun.
They come before the noun or pronoun and explain them in different
ways.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
a. How was the forest?
b. How was his coat?
c. What happened to his hands?
d. Describe the wolf.
e. How were the claws of the wolf?

94
From the text write adjectives that describe the following nouns.
_____ forest _____air
_____ coat _____buttons
_____ears _____sound
_____claws _____ feet
_____wolf _____eyes
_____belly _____steps
Listening
Practice

Quality: easy, difficult, good, bad, honest, obedient, silly, friendly, brave,
angry, smart, handsome, stupid, foolish, happy, sad, old, young,
adult, hard, soft, lonely, strong, dull, intelligent, etc.
Quantity: few, full, heavy, many, numerous, abundant, empty, etc.
Number: one, two, three, four, two hundred, five thousands, ten lakhs, etc.
Size: short, thin, tall, fat, small, long, etc.
Shape: flat, oval, slant, triangular, circular, round, etc.
Material: woolen, plastic, golden, leather, cotton, etc.
Colour: blue, brown, yellow, black, red, green, white, etc.
Instant Practice
Underline adjectives in the following sentences.
1. I like green vegetables.
2. The food you are eating is not fresh.
3. This is an ugly bird.
4. I have bought a black suit.
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5. She is a young girl.
6. The boys are happy today.
7. You look sad.
8. The wise king died today.
9. My room is always clean.
10. Grandma told us an interesting story.
11. Some weak students are taking extra classes.
12. I like delicious food.
13. A tiny mouse came from that hole.
14. This is a tasty biscuit.
15. This room is rectangular.
16. There is a circular opening in the tank.
17. The brave soldiers fought the battle.
18. Be strong enough.
19. I have two brothers.
20. Iron is cheap but gold is expensive.
Look and read.
a tall, thin man a black dog the blue sky
an intelligent boy an active, smart girl a large, heavy suitcase

96
a round face three pencils a wooden boat
a plastic cover the round, big house a quiet class
a greedy fox a big elephant a lazy girl
a young boy an old person a crowded city

97
Look and read.
alive dead bright dark cold hot
correct incorrect fast slow

right wrong dirty clean
dry
wet
damp before after soft hard
young
ill healthy curly straight old
sick well new
sweet sour open shut smooth prickly

98
Instant Practice
Put a suitable adjective before these nouns.
……………boy ……………girl ……………ant ……………man
…………student …………teacher ……......farmer ……………player
………elephant …………giraffe …………camel ……………tiger
…………snake ……………bed …………room ……………class
………problem ……………hair …………story ……………lesson
…………animal …………water …………house ……………face
……………eyes ……………hotel ………prison …………temple
……………sky ……………river …………forest ……………bear
Instant Practice
Match the adjectives with nouns.
happy river
big man
good water
tall woman
rich room
clean person
old tree
hot manner
fat house
long child

99
Instant Practice
Write the opposite of the following adjectives.
happy hot
big hard
clean new
good long
healthy slow
old wet
rich empty
tall black
Instant Practice
Circle adjectives in the following texts.
a. The tired, weary, sleepy rat ran down the steep, sloping bank, panting
hard. It paused at the wet, damp ditch and waited. No sound came
from the direction of the big road, so it began to make its way along the
wet, damp ditch towards the nice, warm, cozy, open burrow. There
was an uneasy, nasty, horrid silence from the burrow. It was dawn and the
sun-light had already warmed the damp earth beneath the rat’s damp
paws. It stopped and sniffed. There was no trace of rabbit.
b. They stopped and stared. The bridge hung across the sluggish river.
It was made of black metal chains. Dry rushes had been woven
between the rusted chains. On the opposite shore two large, wooden
posts held the chains. The posts were decorated with bright feathers
and small flags that shimmered in the breeze. “Prayer flags,”
muttered Signi, “They are afraid of the river.” Dore looked down
at the dark river. It was a rich, brown colour, swollen with the rain.
A white mist hung across the dull skin of the river so that the far bank
was barely visible. It would be like walking into a white cave of
nothingness. Dore touched the cold hilt of his sword for comfort.

100
Vocabulary in Use

think known
show met
read thought
meet kept
make brought
know read
keep made
catch bought
buy caught
bring shown

found more
right lost
foolish sold
bought left
less wise

101
Chapter
GET
STARTED
COMPARISON
14
Look and read.
This nail is longer than This is the longest of all

This nail is long.
the first one. nails.
This boy is shorter This boy is the shortest

This boy is short.
than the first one. of all.
The chick is pretty. The duck is prettier The parrot is the

than the chick. prettiest of all.

102
Do You Know?
The coloured words are adjectives of comparison. They are used to
compare people or thing. They have positive, comparative and
superlative degree. The words long, short and pretty are in positive
degree. The words longer, shorter and prettier are in comparative
degree. The words longest, shortest and prettiest are in superlative
degree.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
A: Which of the vehicles runs fast?
B: ………………………
A: Which of the vehicles runs faster?
B: …………………….
A: Which is the fastest of all?
B: ……………………………...
A: Which is a fierce animal?
B: ………………………
A: Which is fiercer animal?
B: …………………….
A: Which is the fiercest of all?
B: ……………………………...

103
Listening
Practice
Positive Comparative Superlative

heavy heavier heaviest
long longer longest
narrow narrower narrowest
new newer newest
soft softer softest
weak weaker weakest
young younger youngest
Grammar Focus: Degrees of Comparison

black blacker blackest
brave braver bravest
bright brighter brightest
cheap cheaper cheapest
clean cleaner cleanest
close closer closest
cold colder coldest
dear dearer dearest
deep deeper deepest
fair fairer fairest
fast faster fastest

104
few fewer fewest
fine finer finest
great greater greatest
green greener greenest
high higher highest
large larger largest
light lighter lightest
long longer longest
low lower lowest
new newer newest
noble nobler noblest
poor poorer poorest
quick quicker quickest
rich richer richest
safe safer safest
short shorter shortest
simple simpler simplest
Instant Practice

slow slower slowest
small
soft
strong

105
sweet
tall
thick
weak
wise
young
big
fat
fit
glad
hot
red
sad
thin
busy
dirty
dry
easy
happy
healthy
heavy
hungry
lovely
ugly

106
Instant Practice
Compare and write.
a. Which is more expensive, the ship or the bus?

………………………………………………
b. Which is cheaper, the ship or the bus?
………………………………………………
c. Which is faster, the ship or the bus?
………………………………………………
d. Which is shorter, the tiger or the giraffe?

………………………………………………
e. Which is longer, the tiger or the giraffe?
………………………………………………
f. Which is bigger, the tiger or the giraffe?
………………………………………………
g. Which is smaller, the tiger or the giraffe?
………………………………………………
107
Vocabulary in Use

teachers make pots
tailors take care of patients
swimmers paint pictures
runners swim in ponds, lakes or seas
potters sell vegetables
painters drive a bus
nurses build a house
masons stitch clothes
greengrocers teach students
drivers run a race

nearly discover
close about
certain near
find out tardy
late sure

108
Chapter
GET
STARTED
ADVERBS 15
Read the following text.
Helen came quietly from where she had been hiding.
She crossed the field slowly and quickly. Her aunt
shouted so loudly and coarsely that it reminded her
crow’s coarse voice. Helen shook the frostily set
snow out of her hat. She gave a clearly friendly smile
at her aunt. But this only served to make her angrier.
She shouted harshly asking her to stop it. Helen did
not speak. She stared calmly at her shoes. Her mind drifted easily back into
her own dream world. Looking up, she tossed her head boldly.
Do You Know?
The coloured words are adverbs. An adverb is a word that modifies a
verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs may indicate place or
direction, time, degree, manner, and belief or doubt.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
a. How did Helen come?
b. How did she cross the field?
c. How did her aunt shout?
d. How did she stare at her shoes?
e. How did her mind drift?

109
Instant Practice
Listen and repeat.
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb
beautiful beautifully different differently
bright brightly wise wisely
easy easily kind kindly
earnest earnestly smart smartly
happy happily nice nicely
hungry hungrily safe safely
loud loudly polite politely
neat neatly hard hardly
quick quickly proper properly
sad sadly sound soundly
slow slowly wild wildly
Look and read.
The guard greeted me warmly.
I scolded her angrily.
The teacher beat me hardly.
He suggested us strongly.
Please walk slowly and carefully.
Don’t trust anyone blindly.
Please stand properly.
The dog ate the bone hungrily.
My mother patted me gently.
My father called me affectionately.

110
Instant Practice
Underline adverbs in the following sentences.
1. Are you doing the exercise correctly?
2. Ask her to do that informally.
3. Computers are widely used nowadays.
4. Everything happened exactly at the same time.
5. Follow the instructions carefully.
6. He gladly lent me the money.
7. How beautifully she plays the violin!
8. How foolishly Bob acted!
9. The dress should be washed separately.
10. The hall is really full.
11. They looked on curiously.
12. I truly must do it today.
13. He usually takes long walks in the woods.
14. I clearly remember the day.
Instant Practice
Find adverbs in the following grid.
S B U R G E N T L Y
E R Q U I C K L Y E
R I S O F T L Y O A
I G W I S E L Y T R
O H C O L D L Y I L
U T G F I N A L L Y
S L U C K I L Y M N
L Y S L O W L Y E R
Y H U R R I E D L Y

111
Instant Practice
Complete the following instructions with correct adverbs.
1. Walk………… carefully
2. Listen……….. daily
3. Exercise………… firmly
4. Write ………… neatly
5. Speak………… politely
6. Read………… regularly
7. Dress………… rigorously
8. Brush your teeth…………a day. slowly
9. Do homework………… smartly
10. State your problem………… twice
11. Help your friends………… selflessly
12. Don’t do work………… effortlessly
Vocabulary in Use
dark pillar
deep vegetables
golden hair
green lane
large play ground
long knife
narrow night
sharp boy
smart ring
tall ocean

112
GET Chapter
STARTED
PAST, PRESENT AND 16
FUTURE
Read the following texts.
He lives in Kathmandu these days.
He lived in the village last year.
He will live in Dharan next year.
She writes poems.

She collected all her poems yesterday.
She will publish them next year.
Maya plays the guitar every day.

She played the piano yesterday.
She will play the flute tomorrow.
Kundan sings very well.

He won a competition yesterday.
She will receive prize tomorrow.
The beggar begs every day.

A rich man gave him some money yesterday.
He will buy warm clothes tomorrow.

113
Do You Know?
The given texts represent present, past and future tenses. The verbs
lives, writes, plays, sings and begs denote present tense. The verbs
lived, collected, played, won and gave denote past tense. The verbs
will live, will publish, will play, will receive and will buy denote
future tense.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
A: Where do you live in?
B: ………………………….
A: Where did you go yesterday?
B: ………………………….
A: Where will you go tomorrow?
B: ………………………….
A: What do you eat every day?
B: ………………………….
A: What did you eat yesterday?
B: ………………………….
A: What will you eat tomorrow?
B: ………………………….
Instant Practice
Listen and repeat.
Present Past Future
go/goes went will go
eat/eats ate will eat
run/runs ran will run
walk/walks walked will walk

114
play/plays played will play
sing/sings sang will sing
dance/dances danced will dance
write/writes wrote will write
listen/listens listened will listen
speak/speaks spoke will speak
say/says said will say
study/studies studied will study
Grammar Focus: Present, Past and Future Verbs
Look and read.
Present Past Future
see / sees saw will see
sell / sells sold will sell
send / sends sent will send
set / sets set will set
shake / shakes shook will shake
show / shows showed will show
sing / sings sang will sing
sink / sinks sank will sink
sit / sits sat will sit
sleep / sleeps slept will sleep
speak / speaks spoke will speak
spend / spends spent will spend
split / splits split will split
spread / spreads spread will spread
stand / stands stood will stand
steal / steals stole will steal
swim / swims swam will swim
take / takes took will take
teach / teaches taught will teach
tear / tears tore will tear

115
tell / tells told will tell
think / thinks thought will think
throw / throws threw will throw
understand / understands understood will understand
wear / wears wore will wear
win / wins won will win
Instant Practice
Present Past Future
begin began will begin
bite
break
come will come
dig dug
do
drink
fall
feel felt
finish will finish
fly
get
go
have
hear will hear
hide hid
keep
know
make
observe
play will play

116
ring rang
scold
see
tell
watch will watch
Look and read.
Present Past Future

He eats rice. He ate rice. He will eat rice.
I go to school. I went to school. I will go to school.
We plan for a tour. We planned for a tour. We will plan for a tour.
I visit temple. I visited temple. I will visit temple.
The bus stops here. The bus stopped here. The bus will stop here.
I see her. I saw her. I will see her.
They wait for me. They waited for me. They will wait for me.
We return back. We returned back. We will return back.
She drinks water. She drank water. She will drink water.
Farmers grow crops. Farmers grew crops. Farmers will grow crops.
She works hard. She worked hard. She will work hard.
It has a sense. It had a sense. It will have a sense.
Instant Practice
Change these sentences into past and future.
Present Present Present
He plays football.
She sings a song.
We call her.

117
They paint the wall.
You draw a picture.
They wash clothes.
It leads you to the store.
I introduce her.
Mother sews clothes.
She drinks beer.
Dina types a letter.
She writes a story.
I plant crops.
Instant Practice
Look at the table and write what each of these students does.
Person Everyday Yesterday Tomorrow
Ram goes office went to the zoo will go to the park
Rohit plays guitar played piano will play flute
Bishnu practises dance practised yoga will practise cricket
Heman helps mother helped father will help brother
worked in the
Roshana works in the field will work with father
kitchen
Kaman visits the church visited the park will visit temple
Nabin sings songs taught students will perform dance
Prabat delivers letters delivered parcels will receive letters
Example:
Ram goes to office every day.
Ram went to the zoo yesterday.
Ram will go to the park tomorrow.

118
Instant Practice
Add –s or –es to the following verbs.
present………... read…………… listen………… keep……………
go…………… fly…………… read………… sing……………
play…………… strike…………… grow………… leave……………
visit…………… receive………… rain…………… meet……………
see…………… hand…………… eat…………… cook……………
wait…………… win…………… watch………… brush……………
return………… rise…………… clean………… bark……………
give…………… call…………… tie…………… cry……………
bark…………… speak…………… scold………… climb……………
Vocabulary in Use
ants murder
cows scurry
crows herd
fish flock
geese pride
horses troop
kittens litter
lions colony
squirrels school
wolves pack

119
Chapter
GET
STARTED
YES / NO QUESTIONS
17
Look and read.

A: Is this a car? A: Is this boy thin?
B: No, it isn’t. B: No, he isn’t.
A: Is this a cup? A: Is this boy fat?
B: Yes, it is. B: Yes, he is.

A: Is this a cat? A: Are they reading?
B: No, it isn’t. B: Yes, they are
A: Is this a tiger? A: Are they drawing?
B: Yes, it is. B: No, they are n’t.

120

A: Are they talking? A: Are they fighting?
B: Yes, they are B: No, they are n’t.
A: Are they singing? A: Are they shaking hands?
B: No, they aren’t. B: Yes, they are.
Do You Know?
Yes/No questions are questions used to get answer whether YES or
No. They always start with auxiliary verbs.
Auxiliary Verbs
is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, may, will, shall,
could, might, would, should, must, ought to, dare to, need to, used to
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

A: Is this a paper man? A: Is this our national flag? A: Is this a cat?
B: ……………………… B: ………………………… B: .......................

121

A: Is she a painter? A: Is this a bat? A: Is this a compass?
B: …………………… B: …………………… B: ……………………
Listening
Practice
Listen and repeat.

Statement Yes/No Questions
He has invited us. Has he invited us?
He is a student. Is he a student?
He was a mason. Was he a mason?
I am a teacher. Am I a teacher?
I have dyed my hair. Have I dyed my hair?
They were singing. Were they singing?
We are from Siraha. Are we from Siraha?
We had played there. Had we played there?
I can sing songs Can I sing songs?
We may cal them. May we call them?
He will go there. Will we go there?

122
Quick Tip
You ask a yes or no question to get yes or no as the answer. Use
the verbs be, have or do, or any of the helping verbs, to ask
yes or no questions. In questions, the helping or auxiliary verbs
come before the subject of the sentence. When be and have
are used as ordinary verbs, they come before the subjects, too.
Grammar Focus: Formation of Yes/No Questions

We use the auxiliary verbs is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had before the
subjects while forming yes/no questions.
Statement Yes/No Questions
He is a singer. Is he a singer?
I am a player. Am I a player?
We are from Kathmandu. Are we from Kathmandu?
He was a carpenter. Was he a carpenter?
They were playing. Were they playing?
We have painted the wall. Have we painted the wall?
She has invited them. Has she invited them?
You had played a game. Had you played a game?
Instant Practice
Change these statements into yes/no questions.
1. She is a bar girl.
2. We are dancing.
3. You have called me.
123
4. She has scolded us.
5. I was at the party.
6. We were at the concert.
7. I am a student.
8. The bus stops here.
9. They paint the wall.
10. I write a poem.
Instant Practice
Put the words in correct order to make questions.
1. a / teacher / is / she
2. today / you / are / fine
3. right / am / I
4. sing / do / you
5. speak / does / he
6. you / can / type
7. I / may / come / in
8. were / sleeping / they
9. raining / was / it
10. do / I / it / need
11. she / has / gone
12. does / dance / cry
13. we / may / cry

124
Instant Practice
Look at the following pictures and answer the following questions.

A: ………………………? A: ………………?
B: Yes, it is. B: No, they aren’t.

A: …………………? A: …………………?
B: Yes, I know. It is Danfe. B: Yes, I have.

A: …………………? A: ………………?
B: Yes, it does. B: No, it doesn’t.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘is’, ‘am’ or ‘are’.
1. …………….she a dancer?
2. ……………. I right?
125
3. …………….calling me?
4. …………….she singing?
5. …………….they working?
6. ……………. I working?
7. …………….he painting?
8. …………….you fine today?
9. ……………. I sleeping?
10. …………….we working?
Vocabulary in Use
aunt his
dog ewe
her prince
heroine waiter
princess uncle
queen hero
ram bitch
waitress king
wife man
woman husband

126
Chapter
18
GET
STARTED WH-QUESTIONS
Look and read.

A: What is this? A: Where is the girl going?
B: It is a camera. B: She is going to school.

A: Why is the boy in hospital? A: Who is this man?
B: Because he is sick. B: He is Bill Gates.
Do You Know?
The words like what, where, why and who are WH Words. These words are
used while making WH Questions.

127
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.
a. What is your name?
b. How old are you?
c. Why are you sad?
d. When is your birthday?
e. Who is your best friend?
Listening
Practice
Listen and repeat.

A: Who is that boy?
WHO
B: That boy is my brother.
A: When is your father coming?
WHEN
B: He is coming in May.
A: What is there on the table?
WHAT
B: There is a camera on the table.
A: Why is he crying?
WHY
B: He is crying because he lost his bag.
A: Where is your father?
WHERE
B: He is in Kathmandu.
A: Which is your house?
WHICH
B: That blue one.
A: Whose hat it that?
WHOSE
B: That is my brother’s.
A: How do you go to school?
HOW
B: I go to school on foot.

128
A: How old is your sister?
HOW OLD
B: She is two years old.
A: How many flowers are there?
HOW MANY
B: There are five flowers.
A: How often do you go to movie?
HOW OFTEN
B: I go to movie on Saturdays.
Quick Tip
If the WH- question word is the subject of the question, it comes
before the verb. WH- questions usually include the verbs be,
have, do, or any of the helping verbs.
Instant Practice
Use correct WH words to complete the following WH questions.
1. ________is your name?
2. ________does he live in?
3. ________does she live with?
4. ________is her anniversary?
5. ________are you going to hospital?
6. ________many boys are there?
7. ________old is he?
8. ________hat is this?
9. ________is he crying?
10. ________is his house?

129
Instant Practice
Match the following Wh questions with their answers given below.
Questions Answers
What are you? She is going to school.
How old is she? It is on Monday.
When is your birthday? I am a student.
Where is she going? She is seven years old.
Why is he alone? I have 500 rupees.
Whose bag is this? I go to village once a month.
How often do you go to village? This bag is mine.
How much money do you have? Because his parents are not at home.
Instant Practice
Make Wh questions.
1. He came here alone. (who)
…………………………………………..
2. She is going to the field. (where)
…………………………………………..
3. Her parents are arriving next month. (when)
…………………………………………..
4. She is carrying a bag. (what)
…………………………………………..
5. This is the pen of Muna. (whose)
…………………………………………..

130
6. I met my old friend today. (whom)
…………………………………………..
7. We have two rooms. (how many)
…………………………………………..
8. I drink plenty of water. (how much)
…………………………………………..
9. She is sick and weak. (who)
…………………………………………..
10. Her name is Ana. (what)
…………………………………………..
Vocabulary in Use
apparent smartly
bold honestly
clear clearly
conscious apparently
fast boldly
honest wisely
mad madly
smart untidily
untidy fast
wise consciously

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Chapter
GET
STARTED
PREPOSITIONS 19
Look and read.
There is a ball on the table. There is a ball under the table.
The cat is between the chairs. The girl is standing at the door.
Classroom
The students are standing in front of

The players are in the ground.
the class.
The bridge is over the river. The car is behind the house.

132
She distributed sweets among the The plane is flying above the trees.
children.
Do You Know?
In the above given description, the coloured words are prepositions.
They are used before a noun or pronoun to show, time, place, position or
method.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

A: Where is the rabbit? A: Where is the rabbit?
B: ………………………… B: …………………………

A: Where is the rabbit? A: Where is the rabbit?
B: ………………………… B: …………………………
133
Listening
Practice
Listen and repeat.

He saw me in May.
I will come there on Tuesday.
It rained at 2 o’clock yesterday.
The dog is sitting under the table.
The park is opposite to the post office.
He is standing in front of the tree.
In, On, At
AT: specific time IN: non specific time ON: days and date
at 3:00 pm in the morning on Tuesday
at 6 o’clock in the afternoon on July 20, 2017
at midnight in the evening on June 10, 2018
at night
at noon
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with in, on or at.
1. He was born………June.
2. They will go…….Tuesday.
3. I go for dance practice……..the morning.

134
4. The programme starts……..noon.
5. She was born………23rd May, 2010.
6. They are waiting…..the airport.
7. The doll is…..the chair.
8. His sister is waiting…..the door.
9. He has a coin…….his hand.
10. The picture is hanging…the wall.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks choosing suitable prepositions.
1. We will come and see you ……………Christmas day. (at, in, on)
2. It happened ……………….. the week before Christmas. (in, at, to)
3. I haven’t seen him …………………… years. (in, at, for)
4. I went to see him …………………… lunchtime. (at, in, to)
5. I first met her ………………….. a rainy morning in June. (on, at, in)
6. The city is ……………………… the river. (on, in, at)
7. There aren’t many apples ………………the tree this year. (on, in, at)
8. Who is the good-looking girl ………………the sixth row? (on, in, at)
9. As there was no room …………………the bus, we got off. (at, on, in)
10. She is always ……………………… the hairdresser’s. (at, on, in)

135
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions.
above, under, in, on, behind
1. She was ……her house when the bell rang.
2. My dog hides………the bed when he sees another dog.
3. My sister always hides……the tree when we play.
4. There was a lot of water……the floor.
5. The plane flew….the clouds.
Instant Practice
Underline prepositions in the following sentences.
1. The girl is swimming in the river.
2. There is a temple in front of my house.
3. There is cloud in the sky.
4. My birthday is on Wednesday.
5. She will come here in June.
6. I arrived at the bus stop but the bus had already left.
7. She is sitting between the two puppies.
8. There is a dog behind the pillar.
9. The cat hide under the sofa.
10. The bed is by the window.

136
Instant Practice
Underline prepositions in the following passage.
First you run towards the bath of jelly, then you jump into it, wade
across it and climb out of the bath at the other side. Then you run to the
string of sausages, and skip over them twenty seven times. Next you climb
up the twenty foot pole, ride carefully along the tightrope on a unicycle,
and climb down the rope at the other end. After that you balance the
bowl of tomato soup on top of your head, climb over the live alligator,
and creep under the baby elephant, between its back legs. Then all you have
to do is run backwards to the finishing line, carrying me. If anyone gets
there, they win.
Vocabulary in Use
bold pretty
smart unattractive
timid method
beautiful nervous
ugly elegant
manner courageous
honest bulky
weak well-built
strong feeble
thick straightforward

137
Chapter
GET
STARTED
CONJUNCTIONS
20
Look and read.
Dip and Tom are playing. She is poor but honest.
Do you like tea or coffee? I am at home because I am sick.
Mina and Mona are sisters. Ice is cold but fire is hot.

138
Is this a cat or a dog? She is in hospital because her leg is
fractured.
Do You Know?
In the given sentences, the coloured words and, but, or and because
are conjunctions. They are also called connectors. They connect two
different ideas.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and tell the conjunction words.
I have a pen and a pencil.
I like tea but I don’t like coffee.
She left school because she got married.
Is he your father or uncle?
You and your brother are same.
Listening
Practice
Listen and repeat.

I have a pencil and an eraser.
Padam is poor but he is happy.

139
I did not go swimming because it was raining.
Should they go on foot or by bus?
Elephants are big but they are gentle.
Grammar Focus: And, But, Or, Because
Connective Function Example
And It joins two similar ideas. I love apples and grapes.
But It joins ideas that are She likes travelling but she
opposites. doesn’t love dancing.
Or It is used to show choice. I can read or write now.
Because It is used to show reason. The bus is not going because

the road is blocked.
Instant Practice
Underline conjunctions in the following sentences.
1. Does this orange taste sweet or sour?
2. You can have a cold drink or hot drink.
3. The children went inside because it had started to rain.
4. I will go to the movies tomorrow because it is my holiday.
5. The class was interesting but very long.
6. Elephants are big but they are gentle.
7. We buy fruit and vegetables at the grocery store.
8. The PM visited towns and cities across the country.
9. Rabi and Riya are players.
10. She is kind but lazy.

140
Instant Practice
Join these sentences with and, but, or and because.
1. I am hungry. She is thirsty.
2. Help me. I will beat you.
3. Hurry up. You will miss the bus.
4. I helped her. She thanked me.
5. I don’t like this room. It is dirty.
6. She is Chinese. He is Japanese.
7. Water is cold. Coffee is hot.
8. Cow is a domestic animal. Lion is a wild animal.
9. Stay here. Go away.
10. I read a story. I did not understand it.
11. Mohan is a teacher. His brother is a soldier.
12. I have a guitar. I have a violin.
Instant Practice
Fill in the gaps with and, but, or and because.
1. I tried hard……failed.
2. She is intelligent ……..careless.
3. Walk carefully……you will fall down.
4. The cat is gentle……useful.
5. Is the boy happy…..sad?
6. He did not buy the shirt……it was expensive.

141
7. We stayed at home……it was raining all day.
8. He is handsome. ……..he is naughty.
9. You should work hard…..your exam is coming.
10. I called her……gave her my note.
11. He is crying ……..his mother passed away.
12. Nepal is small……..China is big.
13. Hema, do you like tea ……..coffee?
14. He has a brother ……..a sister.
15. Help one ……..go away.
Vocabulary in Use
back up erase
bring up consider
fill out support
pick up raise
rub out collect
scale down summarize
sum up reduce
take in discuss
talk over absorb
think over complete

142
Chapter
GET
STARTED
STORY WRITING 21
Read these stories.
The Fox and the Grapes
On a hot summer day, a fox came upon an orchard and saw a bunch
of ripened grapes. The fox planned to satisfy its hunger. The fox moved
back a few paces and jumped to reach the grapes. The fox tried many
times to reach to the bunch of grapes but in vain. The fox was tired of the
tiring work and concluded that the grapes were sour.
The Clever Fox

Once, a clever fox was walking through
the forest. He had a good meal. He was
very happy. On the way, he saw a well.
He looked into it. He saw his image in the
water. Suddenly, he fell into the water.
There was plenty of water in the well. He
tried to come out. But he could not jump up.
At the same time, a goat was coming there.
Hearing the sound from the well, he looked into it. “What are you doing
there?” the goat asked the fox. “I am drinking this very tasty water. It is
very tasty that I have been drinking it for many hours” the fox said.
The foolish goat jumped into the well without knowing the truth. He
just wanted to drink that sweet water. At the same time the fox got on
the top of the goat and jumped out of the well. He thanked the goat for
being kind to him and walked away. The goat got a miserable death.

143
Rearrange the following sentences and write a story.
He could make very beautiful shoes.
Once upon a time, there was a shoemaker.
One day, a rich lady came to the shoemaker.
She knew what would happen if she wore the sandals!
She wanted an original pair of sandals made for her.
The sandals were made of glass and the lady was quite fat.
The sandals would break.
The shoemaker lived in a small hut.
The shoemaker worked for a month and made a beautiful pair of sandals.
When the lady came, she was not at all happy with the sandals.
Rearrange the following sentences and write a story.

A dove was sitting on the branch of a tree nearby.
Days passed on.
He began to drink water.
He bit the hunter’s foot.
He cried loud for help.
He lost his aim.
He went to the river.
One day the ant saw a hunter aiming his arrow at the dove.
She saw the ant in danger.
Soon, the dove plucked a leaf and dropped it near the ant.
The ant climbed on to the leaf and saved the life of the ant.
The ant fell into the water.
The ant looked at the dove and thanked.
The ant was very thirsty.
The dove flew away.
The hunter turned in pain.

144
Chapter
GET
STARTED
LETTER WRITING 22
Read these letters.
A birthday letter to your friend Write a birthday letter to your

friend.
.......................
Kalimati, Kathmandu
...........................
March 25, 2019
.........................
Dear Friend,
I am writing this letter to wish you
...................................................
more blessings and happiness on your
birthday. I pray that God will grant ....................................................
you all that your heart desires and ...................................................
may you have many more birthdays ...................................................
to come. ...................................................
I am very sure that you have touched ...................................................
so many lives and I am happy to say ...................................................
that I am one of those lucky ones. ....................................................
Once again, happy birthday and may .................................................
you and your family be in good health
always.
....................
....................
Yours affectionately,
Amir

145
A letter to your teacher Write a letter to your teacher
expressing your thanks expressing your thanks.
Gongabu, Kathmandu ..........................

May 20, 2019
.........................
Dear Sir,
I am very sorry that I could ...................................................

not write you earlier. I am writing ....................................................
this letter to express my thanks ...................................................
for your encouragement before ...................................................
examination. I will always
...................................................
remember the support you did
when I was in darkness. ...................................................
...................................................
I did very well and my result ....................................................
improved because of your .................................................
inspiring words. I will be eagerly
waiting for your kind help in the
....................
days to come too.
....................
Yours obedient student,
Anita

146
An application letter for leave Write an application letter for two
days’ leave.
Swoyambhu, Kathmandu
July 5, 2019 ..........................
The Class Teacher

.........................
Nepal Police School
Samakhushi, Kathmandu
...................................................
Dear Sir, ....................................................
Most respectfully, I beg to ...................................................
state that I am not feeling well ...................................................
since last night. I have been ...................................................
suffering from fever and my
...................................................
father is taking me to hospital
today. ...................................................
......................................................
I therefore, request you to
...............................................
grant me a leave of 2 days. I will
definitely complete my missed
homework and assignments after ....................
my recovery. ....................
I am very hopeful for the positive
response from you soon.
Yours obedient student,
Krishal Regmi
Class: two
Roll No:

147
Chapter
GET
STARTED
PICTURE DESCRIPTION 23
The Busy Street
The street near my room is
always overcrowded. It is full of
traffic. Cars, buses, vans, lorries,
rickshaws, bikes, cycles and
micro bus move through this
street. There is a traffic police
to manage the movement of the
vehicles. He is very strict at his
duty. He makes people follow the
traffic rules. People wait for their
turn and move forward when the
traffic signals them to go. The rate
of accidents is decreasing after the
traffic management by police.
Curtains
The curtains on the windows are
patchwork in design and are made
by stitching a lot of different squares
of materials with interesting colour
combinations. Each curtain is about
six feet long and four feet wide. It
hangs from a wooden rail which
has round plastic rings at intervals
along it. The wooden rail is brown
and the colours in the curtain are
green, blue, white, orange, and
other colours.

148
Look at the following picture and write a paragraph describle it.
My Dining Table
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
Look at the following picture and write a paragraph describle it.
The Tree
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................

149
GET Chapter
STARTED
PARAGRAPH WRITING 24
Read these paragraphs and write paragraphs on the given topics.
The Zoo Holi

The zoo is a place where wild Holi is one of the festivals of
animals are kept. You can see colour. It is celebrated throughout
animals like monkeys, bears, tigers, the country in Nepal. Children
deers and an elephant there. There wake up early in the morning to
are cages with many different play water balloons and pichkaris.
birds. There are crocodiles and They smear colour on their face.
fish in the lake nearby. The zoo Adults throw coloured power on
has a restaurant where you can each other.They sing, dance and
have tasty snacks and soft drinks. gather together to share their joy.
I like the zoo because I can have It is an enjoyable festival. I like to
a lot of fun there. However, I feel Holi vey much.
sorry for the animals. They should
be free.
My Family My Classroom
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................

150
My House My Class Teacher
........................................................ .......................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
My School My Mother
........................................................ .......................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................

151
Chapter
25
GET
STARTED
READING
COMPREHENSION
1. Read and answer.

Lots and lots of people live in China. More than one
billion people live in china. People who live in China
are called Chinese. In China there is a very long wall.
It is the biggest and longest wall in the whole world.
It is more than three thousand kilometres long! It
is called The Great Wall of China. Lin comes from
China. Lin’s mother and father took her to see The Great Wall of China. They
walked along the top of it for a little way.
Questions:
a. What are people who live in China called?
……………………………..……………………………..
b. In China there is a very long ....................……………………………..
c. The wall is the longest in the whole ....................………………………
d. It is called The Great Wall of ….....................…………………………..
e. Lin saw the Wall with her mother and .......……………………………..
f. What did Lin do when she was at the Wall?
……………………………..……………………………..
2. Read and answer.
Ben is a little boy. He is 5 years old. Ben likes to play
with his truck and toy cars. The cars can go very fast.
When Ben plays with his cars he makes a sound like
this... “Vroom, vroom, vroom.” Ben has a sister. Her
name is Sally and she is 4 years old. Sally has a doll.
The name of Sally’s doll is Tammy. Sally likes to dress
Tammy in pretty clothes.
152
Questions:
a. How old is Ben? Ben is (4/5/6) years old.
b. Ben likes to play with his (truck and blocks/dolls/cars).
c. How old is Sally? Sally is (4/5/6) years old.
d. What does Sally like to play with? She likes to play with (her car/her doll/her
dog).
e. What is the name of Sally’s doll? It is (Tammy/Emma/Anna).
f. Who dresses Tammy? (Mother does/Sally does/Ben does)
g. What does Ben do when he plays with his cars?
……………………………..……………………………..
3. Read and answer.
Sam has a yellow ball. It is a bouncy, bouncy ball. When Sam
pats his ball to the ground it bounces right back up to his hand.
If Sam pats the ball softly it only bounces up a little bit. If he
pats it hard it bounces up high, about two metres!
Mike has a ball too. Mike’s ball is small and blue. Mike likes
to bounce his ball with both hands. If Mike’s ball hits a little
stone or stick it bounces away from him. Then he runs and
gets it and starts bouncing again.
Questions:
a. Sam’s ball can bounce up (one metre/two metres/three metres).
b. What colour is Sam’s ball? It is (yellow/blue/red)
c. Sam pats his ball with (one hand/both hands/ a bat).
d. Mike’s ball is (small/big/very big)
e. Sometimes Mike’s ball hits (a stick or sand/grass/stone)
f. What do you like to play with at home?
……………………………..……………………………..

153
4. Read and answer.
One day the sun said to the moon, “I shine in the day so the
people on Earth can see.” “I give energy to all the plants and
animals. It takes Earth a whole year to go around me.”
The moon said, “I am sometimes in the sky in
the day time and I am sometimes in the sky at night.”
“I have lots of mountains and I also have big craters. I make
the tides in the sea. It takes me one month to go around
Earth.”
Questions:
a. The sun gives energy to animals and ……………………………..
b. What goes around the sun in one year?
……………………………..……………………………..
c. What is in the sky in the day or the night?
……………………………..……………………………..
d. The moon has craters and ……………………………..
e. What makes the tides in the sea?
……………………………..……………………………..
f. How long does the moon take to go around Earth?
……………………………..……………………………..
5. Read and answer.
One day in the forest a fox chased after a rabbit. The
rabbit hid behind a tree and the fox kept running.
“Where are you rabbit?” called the fox, “I want
to be your friend.” The rabbit knew that this was
one of the fox’s tricks so he called, “I’m over here

154
next to the bee hive.” The hungry fox raced to the bee hive but there was no
rabbit....only a big swarm of bees. The fox sped off as fast as he could, with
the bees buzzing right behind him.
Questions:
a. Who hid behind a tree?
……………………………..……………………………..
b. Who was hungry?
……………………………..……………………………..
c. Was the rabbit next to the beehive? ............................................
d. What was at the beehive?
……………………………..……………………………..
e. What did the fox do when it got to the bee hive?
……………………………..……………………………..
f. What did the bees do?
……………………………..……………………………..
6. Read and answer.
Anna has a new bike. It is a shiny blue
colour. Anna’s brother Tim also has a
bike. Tim’s bike is silver. When Anna
and Tim ride their bikes they always
wear helmets. That’s because they know about road safety.
Questions:
a. What colour is Anna’s new bike?
……………………………..……………………………..
b. What is the name of Anna’s brother?
……………………………..……………………………..
c. What colour is Tim’s bike?
……………………………..……………………………..
155
d. Anna and Tim always wear a ……….when they ride their bikes.
e. Anna and Tim know about …………safety.
f. How is Anna’s bike different from Tim’s bike?
……………………………..……………………………..
7. Read and answer.
These are three fish. They are Finny, Tayla and Igor.
Finny has beautiful long fins that help her swim fast.
Tayla has a big tail that moves from side to side and it
helps her to go this way or that way. Igor has great big
eyes. Igor’s great big eyes help him to see where he is
going and they also help him to see big scary fish!
Questions:
a. What are the three fish called?
……………………………..……………………………..
b. Which fish has long fins?
……………………………..……………………………..
c. Which fish has great big eyes?
……………………………..……………………………..
d. Which fish has a big tail?
……………………………..……………………………..
e. Which of these fish would you most like to have as a pet?
……………………………..……………………………..
8. Read and answer.
Mermaid in folklore is a supernatural, sea-dwelling creature with the head
and upper body of a beautiful woman and the lower body of a fish. The

156
mermaid is frequently described as appearing
above the surface of the water and combing
her long hair with one hand while holding a
mirror in the other. Mermaids, in the numerous
tales told of them, often foretell the future,
sometimes under compulsion; give supernatural powers to human beings;
or fall in love with human beings and entice their mortal lovers to follow
them beneath the sea. A similarity exists between the stories concerning
mermaids and those told about the Sirens.
Questions:
a. What is Mermaid?
……………………………..……………………………..
b. How is the mermaid described?
……………………………..……………………………..
c. What do the mermaids do according to tales?
……………………………..……………………………..
d. In which stories are there similarities?
……………………………..……………………………..
e. Who give supernatural power to human beings?
……………………………..……………………………..
f. Mermaid is a ..................................... creature.

157
Chapter
GET
STARTED
VOCABULARY 25
SYNONYMS
Word Synonym Word Synonym Word Synonym
start begin pretty lovely quick fast
tiny small loud noisy talk speak
auto car see look taxi cab
bunny rabbit house home near close
angry mad smart clever yell shout
tired sleepy ill sick woman lady
smart intelligent rich wealthy happy glad
big huge bad nasty angry mad
sprint run stop halt desire want
end finish neat tidy value worth
candy sweet center middle cut chop
fast quick start begin stone rock
depart exit handy useful honest truthful
ANTONYMS
Word Antonym Word Antonym Word Antonym
good bad high low up down
day night slow fast tall short
come go new old clean dirty

158
easy difficult beautiful ugly big small
strong weak old young happy sad
hot cold empty full sick healthy
brave nervous poor rich active inactive
several few last first early late
in out left right stop go
true false win lose love hate
lose gain give take pull push
always never add subtract all none
lock unlock whole part odd even
GENDER
Masculine Feminine Masculine feminine Masculine Feminine
man woman boy girl father mother
grandfa grand
uncle aunt brother sister
ther mother
son daughter king queen prince princess
waiter waitress actor actress hero heroine
father in mother in
nephew niece gentleman lady
law law
master mistress author authoress steward stewardess
wizard witch sir madam wizard witch
baron baroness count countess host hostess
VERBS
walk eat go play sing hit
type jump dance sit sleep laugh
look cook throw call send receive

159
clean bark comb fly brush bark
mew do run follow chase drink
hop talk catch grab take get
watch dig dive fight cry ride
knock swim hide peel wash kiss
toss wink wave collect post stamp
cut chop ask answer reply pay
ADJECTIVES
good happy bad tall short kind
gentle big small tiny huge clean
neat tidy smart ugly hot warm
cold sunny cloudy new recent old
spacious wide narrow cruel fierce deep
swallow tasty bitter comfortable able busy
easy difficult cozy helpful humorous healthy
hard soft lonely dull boring foolish
one two three red golden silver

160

Dyanamic English Grammar and Composition-2

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DYNAMIC

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-2

Author: Krishna Prasad Regmi

SMALL/LOWER CASE LETTERS

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

Circle the words that start with vowel letters.

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

Repeat these small letters after your teacher.

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

…………………...... …………………...... …………………......

b …….. v …….. l …….. u ……..

a …….. d …….. m …….. c ……..

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

a. Write down the first letter of each of the above words.

……. ……. ……. ……. …….

b. Are the letters in ABC order?

c. Now write the letters in correct order.

……. ……. ……. ……. …….

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

cat can ant ban

egg foe bay sat

arrow ball comb hot

doll east king lamp

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

elephant flag giraffe house mouse

alligator badminton television watch apple

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

I am a student. This is a hospital.

This is a dog. This is an iron.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

Repeat these words after your teacher.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

Doctor Nurse Pilot

Policeman Minister Child

Kismat Prakriti Anustha

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

House Grocery Super market

Playground Village City

Park Temple Hotel

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 2

Oxen Goat Sheep

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-2

Elephant Tortoise Horse

Bear Cat Snail

Table Gun Stick

Punching Machine Glass Kite

Torch Shoes Coat

Doll Brush Bicycle