PART-A

1. What is tool signature.

2. What is side rake angle? And mention its effects?
3. What is clearance angle? And mention its types?
4. Explain the nose radius.
5. Sketch the orthogonal cutting.
6. What is shear plane?
7. What is cutting force?
8. What is chip and mention its different types?
9. Define machinability of metal.
10. Write Taylor‟s tool life equation
PART-B
1. Explain orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting with its neat
sketches and compare.
2. What is the tool life equation and state the factor affecting the
tool life.
3. What is machinability? And explain.
4. Explain the various tool materials.
5. Write short notes on surface finish.
6. What are the different type of cutting fluids used in machining
process
7. Write short notes tool wear.
PART-A
1. Write down any four operations performed by a shaper.
2. Define feed and depth of cut.
3. What is the function of clapper block in a planner?
4. What are the differences between up milling and down milling.
5. Define “Face milling “.
6. Write down the rule for gear ratio in differential indexing.
7. How do you specify radial drilling machine.
8. Write down any four operations performed by a drilling
machine.
9. What is meant by “Sensitive hand feed”?
10. Calculate the tap drill size to cut an internal thread for bolt of
outside diameter 10mm, pitch 1.5mm and depth of the thread
0.61 pitch?
PART-B
1. With a simple sketch, explain the working of the crank and
slotted link quick return motion mechanism used in shaper.
2. Write down any four differences between shaper and planer. .
3. Explain the Working principle of planer with a neat sketch.
4. How do you specify a planer.
5. Describe the working mechanism of a universal dividing head,
with neat diagram.
6. With a neat sketch, indicate the various parts of an arbor
assembly.
7. With a simple sketch, explain the principal parts and angles of
a plain milling cutter. Explain them.
8. Explain the twist drill nomenclature and define various
elements of twist drill.
9. With a simple sketch, explain the working of a vertical boring
machine.
10. Explain the counter boring and counter ringing operation.
11. Explain the Working principle of a Jig boring machine with a
neat sketch.

1. Define machining process

2. With the help of a sketch, explain the machining process.
3. Explain the various elements of a single point cutting tool, with the help of a
neat sketch.
4. What is meant by ‘hand’ of a single point cutting tool ?
5. With the help of a sketch, discuss the principal surfaces and planes in metal
cutting.
6. Name the two systems of designating the cutting tool.
7. Sketch a single point cutting tool under ASA system. Define various tool angles
and discuss
their importance.
8. Why negative rake angle is normally employed for cutting hard and strong
materials ?
9. What is meant by ‘tool designation’ or ‘tool signature’ ?
10. What is Orthogonal Rake System ?
11. Show the ORS of tool angles with the help of a sketch.
12. Write the relations between ASA and ORS of tool angles.
13. Sketch and explain the two methods of metal machining.
14. Discuss the various types of chips produced during metal machining.
15. Why are discontinuous type chips preferred over continuous type ?
16. Explain, how built up edge on a cutting tool is undesirable ?
17. What is the use of a ‘Chip breaker’ ?
18. Name and discuss the principal elements of metal machining.
19. Define Tool life.
20. Discuss the variables affecting tool life.
21. What is meant by orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting ?
22. Explain the term ‘‘Machinability’’.
 23. Explain why large amounts of frictional heat are produced when machining
very ductile
materials ?
24. How does the rake angle affect the life of the cutting tool ?
25. What two pressure areas of the cutting tools are subjected to wear ?
26. With the help of a sketch, show crater wear and flank wear on a cutting tool.
27. Name the factors that contribute to flank wear.
28. Name the factors that contribute to crater wear.
29. Name the factors that contribute to the formation of discontinuous chips.
30. Name the factors that contribute to the formation of built-up edge.
31. Differentiate between positive and negative rake angles.
32. Discuss the various methods of measuring temperature at the cutting zone.
33. How is the nose radius of a cutting tool selected ?
34. What is machining time? Find the time required for one complete cut on a
piece of work
350 mm long and 50 mm in diameter. Cutting speed is 35 m/min and feed is 0.5
mm/rev
2. 1. Enumerate the essential requirements of a tool-material.
2. Name the various cutting tool materials.
3. Discuss the role of carbon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt,
vanadium and tungsten
in tool steels.
Cutting Tool Materials and Cutting Fluids 443
4. Give the field of application of type ‘O’ tool steels and type ‘A’ tool steels.
5. What are the significant characteristics of high-speed steels ?
6. Discuss the T- series and M- series high-speed steels.
7. Enumerate the advantages of high-speed steel produced by powder metallurgy.
8. How are carbide tools made? Describe the process.
9. Which sintered carbides are employed for machining steels and for machining
non-ferrous
metals ?
10. Name the various binding materials used in the manufacture of sintered
carbides.
11. What do you understand by ‘‘laminated’’ and ‘‘coated carbides’’ ?
12. Give the advantages of coating the face of tungsten carbide tools with a thin
coating of
titanium carbide.
13. Enumerate the advantages of ceramic cutting tools over tungsten carbide
tools.
14. Give the constituents of stellite tool material. How this is manufactured?
 15. How ‘UCON’ is produced ?
16. List the various tool materials used in industry. State the advantages and
disadvantages of
each material.
17. State the optimum operating temperature of each of the tool materials used in
industry.
18. What are the main functions of a cutting fluid ?
19. List the essential characteristics of a cutting fluid.
20. Discuss the various types of cutting fluids.
21. Discuss the various methods of applying the cutting fluid at the cutting zone.
22. Give the constituents of ceramics. How these materials are produced ?
23. What are cermets ? Give their composition and properties.
24. Give the advantages of C.B.N. as a cutting tool material.
25. What are EP additives ? Why are these added to a cutting fluid ?
26. Write the note on ‘‘selection of a cutting fluid’’.
27. Why were cutting tool inserts developed ?
28. What are ‘‘Indexable Inserts’’ and ‘‘Throw away inserts’’ ?
29. Discuss the two methods of attaching inserts to tool shanks.
30. What is the composition of Sialon ?
31. Explain the application and limitation of ceramic tools ?
32. Why are tools coated ?
33. What is 18-4-1 type of cutting tool material ?
34. What are “Compax tools” ?
35. Write on “Oxide Coating” of carbide tools.
36. What is “Compact” diamond tool material ?
37. Why C.I. is usually machined dry ?
38. Why gray C.I. does not need any lubrication during machining ?
39. List the additives added to water to improve its properties as a cutting fluid.
40. What is “Coronite” cutting tool material ?
41. List the major elements in cast-cobalt tools.
42. List the advantages of Cermets.
43. Which is the hardest known material, next to diamond ?
44. Write about the use of H.S.S. in the form of inserts and also about coated
H.S.S. tools.
3. Why most of the tool-steels contain 2 or three elements ?
47. Write the benefits of "Coronite" cutting tool material.
48. How is the "Coronite" cutting tool material produced ?
49. What is a "Substrate"?
50. How is the "Compact" diamond cutting tool material produced?
51. What are "Borazon" and "Elbor" cutting tool materials?
 52. Sketch the various shapes of inserts used in metal cutting tool industry.
53. What are "Sulphonated Oils"?
54. Write the benefit of adding chlorine to a cutting fluid.
55. Can Brass be machined without a cutting fluid?
56. How Paraffin helps in the machining of Aluminium?
57. Discuss the four types of cutting oils used in a machine shop.
58. What is the main drawback of using carbon tetrachloride and chloroform as
cutting fluid?
59. Write the drawbacks of "Mist method" of applying coolants.
60. Discuss the effect of coolants on Cutting
4. What is a Shaper used for ?
2. Draw the block diagram of a horizontal Shaper and write about its important
parts.
3. How the jobs are held on the table of a horizontal Shaper ?
4. Sketch the Tool Head of a Shaper and write how it functions.
5. What is the difference between a Push cut Shaper and a Pull cut Shaper?
6. What is the difference between Plain Shapers and Universal Shapers ?
7. What is the value of having a universal table on a Shaper ?
8. Sketch and explain the mechanical drive for the ram of a horizontal Shaper.
9. Sketch and explain the mechanical feed drive of a horizontal Shaper.
10. Sketch and explain the hydraulic drive of a horizontal Shaper.
11. Write the advantage of hydraulic drive over mechanical drive.
12. How will you give the size of a horizontal Shaper ?
13. Write the applications of shapers.
14. What is the difference between a vertical shaper and a slotter ?
15. Write the uses of a slotter.
16. Sketch and explain the working of a slotter.
17. Write about the various types of slotters.
18. Write about the various ram drive mechanisms of a slotter.
19. How will you give the size of a vertical shaper or a slotting machine.
20. Describe the difference in operation between a planer and a shaper.
21. Write the advantages of planers.
22. Sketch and write about the principal parts of a double housing planer.
23. Write about the various types of planers.
24. How will you give the size of a planer ?
25. Write about the various drives for planers.
26. Write the product applications of planers.
27. List the advantages of Shapers.
28. List the Limitations of Shapers, Planers and Slotters.
29. Why the shanks of cutting tools used on Shapers, and Planers have gooseneck
 ?
30. Discuss the common work-holding deviCes used on shapers, slotters and
planers.
5. Define drilling operation.
2. Write the requirements which must be met by a drilled hole.
3. Sketch a Twist Drill. Write its main parts and their functions.
4. Why the body of a Drill is made slightly less in diameter than the full nominal
diameter ?
5. Why the Drill bodies are given a slight back taper ?
6. Write about the materials for Drills.
7. What are the four systems of drill sizes ?
8. How drills are held in a drilling machine ?
9. What is a core drill ? When it is used ? Write its advantages over a `standard
twist drill'.
10. What is a ‘flat drill’ ? Sketch it.
11. What is a “Step drill” or “Combination drill” ?
12. Sketch and explain the following allied operations : reaming, counterboring,
countersinking
and spot facing.
13. How the different drilling machines are classified ?
14. Draw the block diagram of a drill press. Name its four major parts.
15. How is the size or capacity of a drill press determined ?
16. How is the feed controlled on most bench and small floor-type drill presses ?
17. What is the difference between Box-Column type and Round-Column type
upright drill
presses?
18. What is a ‘multispindle drilling press’ ?
19. Sketch and describe the two types of multiple-spindle drill presses.
20. What is the difference between a gang type and a multiple-spindle- type
drilling machine ?
21. Sketch and describe a Turret Drilling Press.
22. What is a radial drilling machine ? Sketch and describe it.
23. How is the size or capacity of a radial drilling machine is specified ?
24. What factors affect the cutting speed for drilling ?
25. Name and describe five devices or methods for holding work to be drilled.
26. What is ‘deep hole drilling’ ? What difficulties are encountered while drilling
deep holes
with the use of twist drills on conventional drill presses ?
27. What precautions are taken to obtain accurate deep holes ?
28. Name the special deep hole drills.
 29. Sketch and describe : Half-round drills, Gun drill and Trepanning drill.
30. Sketch and describe specialised drilling machines.

. Define the “milling” process.

2. Define a “milling cutter”.
3. What type of surfaces can be produced by a milling process ?
4. Sketch and explain the two basic types of milling operations.
5. Sketch and contrast the two milling methods of machining flat surfaces.
6. What is the basic type of milling machine ?
7. Sketch and explain the working of a plain column and knee type milling machine.
8. What are the three motions on a plain milling machine ?
9. What are universal and omniversal horizontal milling machines ?
10. Sketch and describe a vertical milling machine.
11. What is the difference between a fixed head and a swivelling head vertical milling
machine ?
12. Describe the difference between a horizontal milling machine and a vertical milling
machine.
13. What is feed on a milling machine ?
14. How is the size of a column and knee type milling machine given ?
15. Sketch and describe a Bed type milling machine.
16. Sketch and describe a Drum type milling machine.
17. Write on the following milling machines :
(a) Planer type milling machine.
(b) Hand operated millers.
(c) Continuous or rotary millers.
(d) Tracer controlled production milling machines.
(e) Special purpose milling machines.
18. How the milling cutters are classified according to :
(i) design. (ii) the way the teeth are sharpened.
19. What is a plain milling cutter ?
20. What is a “slab cutter” ?
21. What is face milling ?
22. Name four types of side-milling cutters.
23. What is the difference between face milling and end milling ?
24. What is a “shell end mill” ?
Machine Tools 531
25. Why is end milling done best on a vertical milling machine ?
26. How can sawing be done on a milling machine ?
27. Describe the three types of milling cutters according to the method of mounting the
cutters.
28. Describe the construction of milling cutters.
29. Write the advantages of carbide-tipped milling cutters.
30. Write on the materials for milling cutters.
31. What is meant by hand of milling cutters.
32. Describe the various work holding devices used on milling machines.
33. How will you cut the following types of surfaces on milling machines:

(a) flat surfaces.

(c) Recesses.
(e) Toothed gears and helical (b) Slots, grooves and
grooves. splines.
34. Write on the following milling (d) Contoured surfaces.
operations :
(i) Straddle milling (ii) Gang milling

(iii) String milling.

1. 35. Describe a dividing head.

36. What are : plain, universal and optical dividing heads ?
37. Sketch and explain the direct method of indexing.
38. Describe Simple indexing method.
39. Describe compound indexing method.
40. Sketch and describe Differential indexing method.
41. What is angular indexing ?
42. Do the indexing for the following number of divisions :
(i) 16 (ii) 45 (iii) 53 (iv) 18
43. What is the advantage of a helical-tooth cutter over a straight- tooth cutter for
slab milling ?
44. How does a duplicator differ from a profiler ?
45. Write briefly on :- Abreast milling, combined Abreast and String milling,
Transfer-base milling,
Index milling, Reciprocal milling and Progressive milling.
2. Define grinding operation.
2. What is the difference between `rough' grinding and `precision' grinding?
3. Why is grinding so important in modern production ?
4. Why the natural abrasives are not suitable for making grinding wheels?
5. How is aluminium oxide abrasive produced ? Write its field of application.
6. How is silicon carbide abrasive produced ? Write its field of application.
7. Under what conditions are diamond, boron carbide and cubic boron nitride used
as abrasive
materials for making grinding wheels ?
8. What is meant by ‘grain size’ of an abrasive material ?
9. Discuss the various types of bonding materials used for making grinding wheels
?
10. Define a grinding wheel.
11. Discuss the various methods of making grinding wheels.
12. Sketch the various shapes of grinding wheels and write their fields of
application.
13. What is meant by “grade” and “structure” of a grinding wheel ?
14. What is meant by standard marking of grinding wheels ?
15. How the grinding wheel is selected for a particular job ?
16. What is meant by dressing and truing of grinding wheels ?
17. Define “grinding ratio”.
18. Sketch and explain the working of an external cylindrical grinding machine.
19. Sketch and explain the three methods of cylindrical grinding.
20. What is the difference between plain and universal cylindrical grinders?
21. Describe in detail how an internal grinder operates.
22. What are the advantages and disadvantages of centreless grinding ?
23. Sketch and explain the three methods of external cylindrical centreless
grinding.
24. Sketch and explain internal centre less grinding process.
Machine Tools 553
25. Sketch and explain the various methods of surface grinding.
26. How the jobs are held during surface grinding operation ?
27. Sketch and explain the following grinding processes : Form grinding, Gear
tooth grinding,
Thread grinding and cam grinding.
28. What is a tool post grinder ?
29. What kind of grinding can be done on the lathe ?
30. Sketch and discuss a tool and cutter grinder.
31. What are disk grinders ?
32. What are coated abrasives ?
33. Explain abrasive belt grinding .
34. Write the drawbacks of abrasive belt grinding.
35. Discuss the various grinding process variables.
36. Write a short note on : High speed grinding.
37. Write a brief note on :- Abrasive machining