Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 35 views

    Transact SQL & Stored Procedure

    Uploaded by

    Miguel Ayte
    This document provides an overview of Transact SQL and stored procedures in Microsoft SQL Server. It discusses what Transact SQL is, why it would be used, where the code is written, its core components like data definition language, data retrieval and modification, variables, control of flow, and stored procedures. Stored procedures allow centralized management of SQL code, improve performance, and enhance security.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Transact SQL & Stored Procedure

    Uploaded by

    Miguel Ayte
    35 views19 pages
    This document provides an overview of Transact SQL and stored procedures in Microsoft SQL Server. It discusses what Transact SQL is, why it would be used, where the code is written, its core components like data definition language, data retrieval and modification, variables, control of flow, and stored procedures. Stored procedures allow centralized management of SQL code, improve performance, and enhance security.

    Original Title

    Transact

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of Transact SQL and stored procedures in Microsoft SQL Server. It discusses what Transact SQL is, why it would be used, where the code is written, its core components like data definition language, data retrieval and modification, variables, control of flow, and stored procedures. Stored procedures allow centralized management of SQL code, improve performance, and enhance security.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views19 pages

    Transact SQL & Stored Procedure

    Uploaded by

    Miguel Ayte
    This document provides an overview of Transact SQL and stored procedures in Microsoft SQL Server. It discusses what Transact SQL is, why it would be used, where the code is written, its core components like data definition language, data retrieval and modification, variables, control of flow, and stored procedures. Stored procedures allow centralized management of SQL code, improve performance, and enhance security.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    Transact SQL & Stored Procedure

    How to code in Microsoft SQL Server

    Training Division New Delhi

    What is Transact-SQL?
    Programming language for SQL Server
    Standard database manipulation language
    SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE CREATE TABLE, CREATE PROCEDURE

    Use of variable in SQL statement


    Select @fname =firstname from customer_data

    Program flow Control such as


    IF-ELSE , CASE, WHILE LOOPS

    Can write dynamic SQL to perform the same function as a procedural programming language do. ANSI 92 Compliant with Extensions

    Why would I use it?


    Reporting
    Let server do the Computation Only return final data for report/Program

    Business Logic Batch processing Server side processing

    Where do I write the code?


    ISQL/OSQL (script as a text file) Query Analyzer Stored Procedure (Database) Triggers ( tables)

    Transact-SQL Language
    Data retrieval and modification (DML) Data definition language (DDF) Variables Control of flow

    Data Definition Language


    Language to create Database Create Database Mydb Alter Database mydb Drop Database mydb Language to create tables, indexes, etc. CREATE TABLE customer_data (cutomer_id samllint, first_name char(20), last_name char(20), phone char(10)) ALTER table Drop Table

    Data Retrieval and Modification


    Retrieval
    SELECT
    JOINS and FROM WHERE GROUP BY, HAVING, and Aggregate Functions ORDER BY

    PRINT
    declare @xx char(10) select @xx =first_name from customer_data where customer_id=1234 print @xx
    PRINT Hello World PRINT My SQL Server Version is + @@version

    Data Retrieval and Modification


    Modification
    INSERT UPDATE DELETE

    Variables
    Support Two type of Variable.

    Local Variable
    Scope is limited to current batch Special names
    All variable names must begin with @.

    All variables must be Declared


    DECLARE @X INTEGER DECLARE @XX AS CHAR(20)

    Setting variables is just like retrieving data


    SELECT @X = 99 SELECT @XX=RAJENDRA SET @XX =RAJENDRA

    Variables
    Global Variables
    SQL Server creates and maintains Not user definable Have two @ symbols Examples
    @@Fetch_Status @@Rowcount @@SPID @@TranCount @@Servername @@version
    Select @@version select @@servername

    Datatypes
    Binary (binary, varbinary) Character (char, varchar) Datetime Floating Point (decimal, numeric, float, real) Integer (int, smallint, tinyint) Monetary (money, smallmoney) Bit Timestamp User-defined datatypes Text Image

    Control of Flow
    IF...ELSE
    Can be basic or complex IF. Unlimited embedding of IFs

    WHILE
    Basic structure to loop until condition is met.

    GOTO BEGINEND RETURN


    Allows integer values to be passed out of procedure back to calling procedure

    Expressions and built in functions


    Operators System functions
    ISNULL

    Wild cards and the LIKE operator

    Stored Procedures
    A stored procedure consists of one or more SQL statements that perform a unit of work When Executed it compiled into an execution plan which contains two parts; one part that contains the code to be executed, and one part that contains the variables and parameters that are to be used by the code.
    Can accept variables Return values

    Multiple users and programs can execute the same stored procedures Can call other procedures
    EXEC spDoSomething

    Stored Procedure
    Maintenance becomes easier because we can change one stored procedure and it immediately becomes effective for all users and programs. Once a stored procedure is executed, it is placed in SQL Server cache. This means that subsequent executions are executed from cache . Greater Security. Low Network Traffic

    Stored Procedure
    Create Stored Procedure
    Create procedure procedure_name (@parameter_name, datatype, length, output) As SQL Statement

    Execute a Stored Procedure


    Execute procedure_name (@parameter_name=value OR @parameter_name=@variable output) With recompile

    Calling a Stored Procedure


    Set Parameter=command.createParameter (Name, type, Direction, size, value)
    Name=The Name of the Parameter Type=The Data Type of the Parameter Direction= adParamInput adParamOutput adparamInputOutput adparamReturnValue Size=The Size of the Parameter Value=The value of the Parameter

    System stored procedures


    sp_who sp_help sp_lock sp_password sp_rename

    Cursors
    Cursors allow a developer to process records one at a time.
    Similar to ADO or RDO processing in VB or Access Very flexible - but theres a catch.
    Usually less efficient than regular SQL queries.
    DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR [LOCAL | GLOBAL] [FORWARD_ONLY | SCROLL] [STATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD] [READ_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTIC] [TYPE_WARNING] FOR select_statement [FOR UPDATE [OF column_name [,...n]]]

    You might also like