Chap 1 at Building Services Lec Note

Chap 1: Water Supply System (1Hr, Marks 2/40)
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objective of Water Supply
1.3 Water Supply And Public Health
1.1 Introduction:
Water supply system, Infrastructure for the Collection, Transmission, Treatment, Storage, and
Distribution of water for homes, Commercial establishments, Industry, and Irrigation, as well as
for such Public needs as Firefighting and street Flushing. Provision of potable water is perhaps
the most vital. People depend on water for drinking, cooking, washing, carrying away wastes,
and other domestic needs. Water supply systems must also meet requirements for public,
commercial, and industrial activities. In all cases, the water must fulfill both quantity and quality
requirements.
Everywhere water is required for various purposes, few of them are:

 For drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, watering of lawns and gardens, heating and air-
conditioning systems, growing of crops, street washing, fire fighting, recreation in
swimming pools, fountains and cascades and various industrial processes etc.
Water supply service quality has many dimensions: Continuity of Supply; Water Quality;
Water Pressure; and the Degree of Responsiveness of Service Providers to Customer
Complaints.
Collection works----Transmission works----Treatment works--Storage---Distribution works
Essentials of Water Supply Engineering:
The essentials of water supply schemes are follows:
I. Source: It should be selected in such a way that it is reliable and having minimum
numbers of impurities.
II. Intake: The next step is to construct intake to collect water.
III. Pipe line to convey water to the treatment plant called transmission.
IV. Treatment plants: For the treatment of water. The treatment process depends upon quality
at source and quality to be required.
V. Pipe line to convey water from treatment plant to the reservoir also called transmission.
VI. Clear water reservoir: To reserve the treated water
VII. Distribution system: Depends upon the elevation of clear water reservoir (Gravity system,
Pumping system, or Dual system) consisting of pipe networks.
In short, Essentials of Water Supply Schemes are as follows:
Intake----Screening---(Pipeline, Transmission)---Treatment Plant-----(Pipeline,

Transmission)----Clear water reservoir---------Service Reservoirs or Distribution
Reservoir------- Distribution Systems--------Consumers Tap.
1.2 Objective of Water Supply:
The main objective of water supply is to bring water from the source and supply safe water to the
consumer in adequate quantity efficiently at low cost. An organized water supply system has following
objectives:
 To supply safe and wholesome water.

 Reliable, adequate and effective supply.
 To make water available within easy reach of the consumers. To shorten fetching time.
 Improves hygienic condition so that time and money expenses for medicine are saved.
 To supply adequate quantity with acceptable quality, in effective and efficient way so that general
cleanness obtained and the water related diseases are greatly reduced.
 Water supply service quality: It has many dimensions:- continuity; water quality; pressure; and
the degree of responsiveness of service providers to customer complaints.
1.3 Water Supply And Public Health:
 In 2010, about 85% of the global population (6.74 billion people) had access to piped water
supply through house connections or to an improved water source through other means than
house, including standpipes, water kiosks, spring supplies and protected wells. However,
about 14% (884 million people) did not have access to an improved water source and had to
use unprotected wells or springs, canals, lakes or rivers for their water needs.
 A clean water supply, especially so with regard to sewage, is the single most important
determinant of public health. Destruction of water supply and/or sewage disposal
infrastructure after major catastrophes (earthquakes, floods, war, etc.) poses the immediate
threat of severe epidemics of waterborne diseases, several of which can be life-threatening.
 Nearly 80% of the communicable diseases are transmitted through drinking water. Hence to
protect the health of the community, protected water supply should be made available for all.
A safe water supply is the single most important determinant of public health. Following
points imparts significant role in this area.
 A safe, reliable, affordable, and easily accessible water supply is essential for good
health, but for several decades almost 1 billion people in developing countries have
lacked access to such a supply.
 A poor water supply impacts health by causing acute infectious diarrhea, repeat or
chronic diarrhea episodes, and non-diarrheal disease. It can also affect health by limiting
productivity and the maintenance of personal hygiene.
 Reasons for the limited progress towards universal access to an adequate water supply
include high population growth rates in developing countries, insufficient rates of capital
investment, difficulties in appropriately developing local water resources, and the
ineffectiveness of institutions mandated to manage water supplies (in urban areas) or to
support community management (in rural areas).
 Strenuous efforts must be made to improve access to safe and sustainable water supplies
in developing countries, and, given the minimum health burden on the public and the
costs to the health system.
Access to a safe and continuous supply of water for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene is
an essential prerequisite for health. An inadequate water supply—whether as a result of poor
access or quality, low reliability, high cost, or difficulty of management—is associated with
significant health risks. These health risks are experienced most strongly by the poorest nations,
and the poorest households within nations. A good water supply is necessary for good sanitation
and hygiene, and to underpin livelihoods, nutrition, and economic growth.

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Chap 1: Water Supply System (1Hr, Marks 2/40)

Everywhere water is required for various purposes, few of them are:

Collection works----Transmission works----Treatment works--Storage---Distribution works

Essentials of Water Supply Engineering:

The essentials of water supply schemes are follows:

In short, Essentials of Water Supply Schemes are as follows:

Intake----Screening---(Pipeline, Transmission)---Treatment Plant-----(Pipeline,

 To supply safe and wholesome water.

1.3 Water Supply And Public Health:

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