EXERCISES FOR AEP

Lecturer: Dr Tong Thanh Trung

Department of Fundamental Mathematics

National Economics University

PART 1: LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1. Find the values of x and y if

 1 2  1 y 
 x  y 2   0 2 
   
2. Find the values of x and y if
 3 x  3 y 
 x 1   2 1
   
3. Find the values of x and y if:
3 4 x 3 4 y 
2 5 7    2 5 7 
   
4. Find the values of x and y if
 x 1 3 1
 y 0 and  2 0
   
are to be equal.
5. Find the values of y and z if
1 0 0  1 y z
0 1 1  and  0 y z 
  
0 1 0   y 1 z 
are to be equal.
6. For A , given below obtain 3A :
 1 0 0 
A   0 1 0 
 0 0 1 

7. For the matrices given below obtain A  B and A  B, where possible:

1 0 0 
2 0
(a) A  0 1 0  , B 
0 0 1   2 1

1 0 0   1 2 0 
(b) A   0 1 0  , B   1 1 1
 0 0 1   0 0 1

8. Obtain for the row vector a and the column vector b below, the product ab and ba
 1
a  1 2 0 , b   0 
 1

9. Perform the following matrix multiplication to obtain AB where possible if:

 4 3
 1 0 0
(a) A  , B   1 1
0 0 1  0 2 

 4 3
 1 0 0
(b) B  , A   1 1
 0 0 1  0 2 

10. Suppose that a firm produces two types of output using three types of input. Its
output quantities are given by the column vector:
15,000 
q  
 27,000
and the prices of theses are given in the row vector p  10 12 . The amounts of
inputs it uses are given in the column vector
11,000 
z  15,000 
15,000 
 and the input prices are given by w  10 10 8 . Find the profit of this firm.
11. Computing Profit Rizza’s Used Cars has two locations, one in the city and the
other in the suburbs. In January, the city location sold 400 subcompacts, 250
intermediate-size cars, and 50 SUVs; in February, it sold 350 subcompacts, 100
intermediates, and 30 SUVs. At the suburban location in January, 450 subcompacts,
200 intermediates, and 140 SUVs were sold. In February, the suburban location sold
350 subcompacts, 300 intermediates, and 100 SUVs.
a) Find 2 by 3 matrices that summarize the sales data for each location for January and
February (one matrix for each month).
b) Use matrix addition to obtain total sales for the 2-month period.
c) The profit on each kind of car is $100 per subcompact, $150 per intermediate, and
$200 per SUV. Find a 3 by 1 matrix representing this profit.
d) Multiply the matrices found in parts (b) and (c) to get a 2 by 1 matrix showing the
profit at each location.
12. Computing the Cost of Production The Acme Steel Company is a producer of
stainless steel and aluminum containers. On a certain day, the following stainless steel
containers were manufactured: 500 with 10-gallon (gal) capacity, 350 with 5-gal
capacity, and 400 with 1-gal capacity. On the same day, the following aluminum
containers were manufactured: 700 with 10-gal capacity, 500 with 5-gal capacity, and
850 with 1-gal capacity.
a) Find a 2 by 3 matrix representing these data. Find a 3 by 2 matrix to represent the
same data.
b) If the amount of material used in the 10-gal containers is 15 pounds (lb), the
amount used in the 5-gal containers is 8 lb, and the amount used in the 1-gal
containers is 3 lb, find a 3 by 1 matrix representing the amount of material used.
c) Multiply the 2 by 3 matrix found in part (a) and the 3 by 1 matrix found in part (b)
to get a 2 by 1 matrix showing the day’s usage of material.
d) If stainless steel costs Acme $0.10 per pound and aluminum costs $0.05 per pound,
find a 1 by 2 matrix representing cost.
e) Multiply the matrices found in parts (c) and (d) to find the total cost of the day’s
production.
13. Inventory Jekell-Heid, Inc. sells four models of “all-in-one fax, printer, copier,
and scanner machine” at three retail stores. The inventory at store i of model j is
represented by sij in the matrix.
The wholesale and retail prices of model i are represented by pi1 and pi 2 ,
respectively, in the matrix

a) Determine the product SP.

b) Writing to Learn What does the matrix SP represent?
14. Construction A building contractor has agreed to build six ranch-style houses,
seven Cape Cod–style houses, and 14 colonial-style houses. The numbers of units of
raw materials that go into each type of house are shown in matrix R:

Assume that steel costs $1600 a unit, wood $900 a unit, glass $500 a unit, paint $100
a unit, and labor $1000 a unit.
a) Write a 1x3 matrix B that represents the number of each type of house to be built.
b) Write a matrix product that gives the number of units of each raw material needed
to build the houses.
c) Write a 5x1 matrix C that represents the per unit cost of each type of raw material.
d) Write a matrix product that gives the cost of each house.
e) Writing to Learn Compute the product BRC. What does this matrix represent?
15. For the matrices A and B below, verify that trace( AB )  trace( BA) :
 3 1
 1 1 1
A , B   0 1
2 2 0  1 1

16. For the matrix A below, obtain trace( A) , trace( AA) , trace( AAA) :
  1 6 1 3 1 6 
(a) A   1 3 2 3 1 3
 1 6 1 3 1 6 

 6 2 5 1
 2 8 2 4 
1 
(b) A

11 5 2 6 1
 
 1 4 1 2
17. Compute the determinant of the following matrices:
 3 0 4  2 3 4 
(a ) A   2 3 2  (c) C   4 0 5
 0 5 1  5 1 6 

 2 4 3 4 3 0
(b) B   3 1 2  (d ) D   6 5 2 
 1 4 1  9 7 3

18. Find the inverse matrix of each matrix in question 16.

19. Evaluate the determinant of B:
 a b c
B   d e f 
3g 3h 3i 

if
a b c
Ad e f 7
g h i
20. Find the determinant of C:
a b c
C   g h i 
 d e f 
if
 a b c
A d e f 3
g h i
21. Find the determinant of D:
 a b c 
D  3d  a 3e  b 3 f  c 

 g h i 
if
a b c
A d e f 3
g h i

22. Compute A3 where:

1 0 1 
A  1 1 2 
1 2 1 

23. Obtain the inverse of the following matrices by the cofactor method:
1 2 3   1 2 1  3 0 0
(a) 0 1 2  (b)  0 1 0  (c)  0 1 0 
0 0 1   5 2 3  0 0 3

24. Find the inverse of the following matrices by the method of Gauss-Jordan
elimination
 1 2 1  3 0 1
(a)  0 1 2  (b) 0 2 1
0 1 0   1 2 0 

25. Suppose that a firm produces three outputs y1 , y2 and y3 with three inputs
z1 , z2 and z3 . The input-requirements matrix is given by A below:

 1 0 5
A   1 1 0 
3 2 6 
 If the firm wants to produce 7 units of y1 , 5 units of y2 , and 18 units y3 , how much
of z1 , z2 and z3 will be require?
26. Compute A in as few steps as possible:
 1 3 1 2 
 2 5 1 2 
A 
 0 4 5 1
 
 3 10 6 8
27. Find the determinant of the following matrices:
1 5 6 
(a ) A   1 4 4 

 2 7 9 

 1 3 0 2
 2 5 7 4
(b) B   
 3 5 2 1
 
 1 0 9 5
 1 1 3 0
 0 1 0 4
(c) C   
 1 2 8 5
 
 1 1 2 3
28. Evaluate the following determinants:
1 2 0 9 2 7 0 1 1 2 1 4
2 3 4 6 5 6 4 8 2 3 4 6
a) b) c)
1 6 0 1 0 0 9 0 1 6 2 3
0 5 0 8 1 3 1 4 3 1 5 9
29. Show that: ( ABC ) 1  C 1 B 1 A1.
30. Given two the following matrices
 4 1 2 3
 2 3 1 7   7 2 m 1 
A   4 1 2  m  ; B 
  10 3 5 6 
 1 5 4 10   
 6 1 1 2 

a) Determine the elements of second row of matrix AB’ (where B’ is the transpose
matrix of the matrix B).
b) Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system of linear equations with A as the matrix
expansion (the last column of A is a unrestrained coefficient column).
c) Find the values of m to matrix B is invertible and the element of second row, third
column of matrix 4B-1 equals 6.
31. Given two the following matrices

 3 2 4 m 
 4 3 2 1   2 1 3 1 
A    a 1 3 14  ; B 
   5 3 4 2 
 3 2 1 m   
6 4 5 3

a) Determine the elements of third row of matrix AB’ (where B’ is the

transpose matrix of the matrix B).
b) Use Cramer’s rule to solve a system of linear equations with A as the matrix
expansion (the last column of A is a free coefficient column).
c) Find the values of m to matrix B is invertible and the element of second row,
3
third column of matrix -3B-1 equals .
5
32. Suppose that the demand and supply functions are numerically as follows:
Qd 1  10  2 P1  P2
Qs1  2  3P1
Qd 2  15  P1  P2
Qs 2  1  2 P2

What will be the equilibrium solution?

33. The demand and supply functions of a two-commodity market model are follows:
Qd 1  18  3P1  P2 Qd 2  12  P1  2 P2
Qs1  2  4 P1 Qs 2  2  3P2
Use Crammer’s rule to find the Pi and Qi  i  1,2 .
34.

35.

36. Given the following model:

Y  C  I 0  G0
C  a  b Y  T   a  0,0  b  1 T : taxes
T  d  tY  d  0,0  t  1 t : income tax rate
a) How many endogenous variables are there?
b) Find Y , T and C.
37. Let the national-income model be:
 Y  C  I0  G
C  a  b Y  T0   a  0, 0  b  1
G  gY  0  g  1
a) Identify the endogenous variables.
b) Give the economic meaning of the parameter g.
c) Find the equilibrium national income.
d) What restriction on the parameters is needed for solution to exist?

PART TWO: CALCULUS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1. Find the third derivative of the following functions:

1 3
a) y  ln 2 x b) y   2 x  3  2 x  3 c) y  e 2 x  3x  1
2
1
d) y  2 e) y  ln  2 x  1 f) y  e 2 x  3e3 x
x 4

2. Prove that: the function y  e x  2e 2 x satisfies the following formular

y '''  6 y ''  11 y '  6 y  0.

1400 10
3. A firm has demand function is Q   p and total cost function is
7.5 75
TC  Q 3  6Q 2  140Q  750. Find the quantities of product to maximizing
profit of the firm.

4. Given the total-cost function and revenue function of the firm are

C  x   200  100 4 x and R  x   120  90 x .

Find the value of marginal cost and marginal profit at x = 256 and interpret the
economic meaning of that results.

5. Given the total-cost function and revenue function of the firm are

TC  2Q 3  3Q 2  400Q  5000, TR  4000Q  33Q 2 .

 Find the quantities of product to maximizing profit of the firm.

6. Given the total-cost function and revenue function of the firm are

TC  Q 3  5.5Q 2  150Q  675, TR  4350Q  13Q 2 .

Find the quantities of product to maximizing profit of the firm.

7. Given total revenue function of a monopoly manufacturer at each level of

2
output Q is TR  500Q  4Q . Find the elasticity of demand at price P = 300
and explain the economic meaning of obtained result.

8. Find the quantities of product to maximizing profit of the firm, given the
marginal revenue and marginal cost functions, respectively, are

MR  5900  20Q; MC  6Q 2  8Q  140.

9. Evaluate the first partial derivatives of the following functions:

4 x y
a) z  x 3 y  y 3 x b) z   5 x 2 y  3 y 3 x  c) z  
y x
x

d) z  e x 3 y
 2x 2
 4 xy 3
 e) z  ln  2 x y  3 y x  1
2 4 2 4
d) z  e y

10. Evaluate the first partial derivatives of the following functions:

4 x yz
a) u  x 3 yz  y 3 x  3z b) u   5 x 2 z  3 y 3 x  2 z  c) u  
yz x
xz

d) u  e x 3 y  2 z
 2x 2
 4 xy 3
 e) u  ln  2 x y  3 y z  4 z x 
2 2 2
d) u  e y

11. Find the total differential of the following functions

3x  4 y
a) u  b) u  ln  x  3 y 2 
2x  y

12. Evaluate the following integrals

 dx
a)  x ln 3 xdx b)  x 2e3 x dx c) x 1  x2
2 2 x 1  5 x1
d)  e x dx  2  3x  dx
x
e) f)  dx
10 x

13. Evaluate the following definite integrals:

1 ln 2 1
xdx
a)  b) 
x
e  1dx c)  x ln  x  1dx
0 1 x 0 0
2 1 e
2
d)  x 2 4  x 2 dx
0
e)  x 2e3 x dx
0
f)   x ln x  dx
1

14. Determine whether each improper integral is convergent or divergent, and

calculate its value if it is convergent.
  0

a)  xe 3 x dx b)  ln xdx c)  xe
2x
dx
0 1 
  
dx xdx dx
d)  e)  f)  1  x  4  x 
2 x ln 2 x 1 x  2x2  1
4

2 2

15. Find the relative maximum and minimum values of the following fuctions:

a) u  10 x 2  y 2  6 xy  24 x b) u  4 xy  x 2  7 y 2  36 y
c) u  x 3  3xy 2  15 x  12 y d) u  18 xy  8 x 3  27 y 3

16. A two-product firm faces demand and cost functions below:

Q1  40  2 P1  P2 , Q2  35  P1  P2 , C  Q12  2Q22  10

a) Find the output levels that satisfy the first-order condition for maximum
profit.

b) Check the second-order sufficient condition. Can you conclude that this
problem possesses a unique absolute maximum?

c) What is the maximum profit?

17. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:
 w  8y 2  4  a  x  2y  35

Subject to the constraint 4  a  x  6y  25. (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

18. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:

z  2x 2  4x  3.a.y  5

Subject to the constraint 4x  3.a.y  12 . (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

19. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:
z  a.x  2y  1

Subject to the constraint x 2  4y 2  a 2  1 . (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

20. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following function:

w  5x 2  3x  4.a.y  24

Subject to the constraint 5x  4.a.y  14 . (With a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).