Adverb + Grammer
Adverb + Grammer
Adverb + Grammer
When the action of the verb passes over from the subject to an object. It is
called as Transitive verb. It has an object.
Intransitive Verb
Look at these examples;
Subject Verb Object
The baby sleeps. ---------.
He runs ---------to a long distance. (Phrase)
He laughs ---------- at me. (Phrase)
When the action of the verb does not pass over from the subject to an object,
it is called as Intransitive verb. The Intransitive verb does not have an object.
Note: The usage of the verb makes the verb either transitive or intransitive
verb. For example;
Present (First form) Past (second form) Past participle (third form)
When the verb forms its past tense by adding “d” or “ed” at the end of its
present tense, it is called as Regular verb.
Look at these examples; IRREGULAR VERB
Present (First form) Past (second form) Past participle (third form)
When the verb forms its past and past participle by merely changing the
inside vowel is called Irregular verb.
Irregular verb has three types.
For example;
Subject Verb Object
Birds love to sing.
He likes to win games.
She wishes to cook food.
(The infinitive is these sentences has been used as an object.)
THE PARTICIPLE Look at these examples;
Note: Noun comes after the participle. The participle acts as an adjective.
More Examples:
I saw Ahmed playing football.
We like guiding Ahmed.
He saw me eating food.
THE GERUND
Gerund Participle
The Gerund is that form of the verb which ends in “ing” and has the force of a
noun and a verb. Verb will come after the Gerund.
Uses of Gerund
Note: First form of verb with “ing” is used. (Is, Are and Am are used as
helping verbs). “Is” is used with He, She, It and Name. “Are” is used with We,
You, They. “Am” is used with I.
For example: I am teaching you. You are learning well. We are playing
games. He is eating food. She is washing clothes.
Q: How to make negative sentences?
Write “Not” after the helping verb.
For example: I am not teaching you. You are not learning well. We are not
playing games. He is not eating food. She is not washing clothes.
Q: How to make interrogative sentences?
Write the helping verb at the start of the sentence.
For example: Am I teaching you? Are you learning well? Are we playing
games? Is he eating food? Is she washing clothes?
Present perfect tense
Note: 3rd form the verb is used. Has and Have are used as helping verbs.
“Has” is used with He, She, It and Name. “Have” is used with I, We, You,
They.
For example: I have won the match. We have played a match. You have made
a decision. They have gone home. He has written a letter. She has eaten food.
The sun has given light. It has rained.
How to make negative?
“Not” is used after the helping verb. For example: I have not won the match.
He has not eaten food. We have not played a match. You have not made a
decision. They have not gone home. He has not written a letter.
How to make interrogative?
Has or Have are written before the subject. For example: Have you won the
match? Has she gone there? Have I won the match? Have we played a match?
Have you made a decision? Have they gone home?
Active and Passive Voice of Present Continuous Tense (Is, Are, Am)
Subject + Verb + Object Object + HV + Being + 3rd from of verb + by + Subject
TEST
7. We have not agreed to this issue. This issue has not been agreed to by us.
The students did not complete their homework. Their homework was not completed by the students.
Pakistan helped poor countries in past. Poor countries were helped by Pakistan in past.
Afridi opted retirement from cricket. Retirement from cricket was opted by Afridi.
He deposited school fees of the poor student. School fees of the poor student were deposited by him.
Ahmed drove my car from Delhi to Jaipur in 2000. My car was driven by Ahmed from Delhi to Jaipur in 2000.
Naveed attended all seminars in Haridwar. All seminars were attended by Naveed in Haridwar.
Did he grab good job from Jawad? Was good job from Jawad grabbed by him?
Exercise
I was writing a letter. He was cooking Food. They were Playing football.
He was learning English. She was making changes. They were implementing
rules. We were taking medicine. We were building buildings. They were fighting
with enemies. She was using make-up. We were celebrating Independence Day.
They were buying Milk. Brain was controlling our body. He was earning money.
It was installing windows. He was buying a mobile. He was selling Biryani.
I was drinking Water. They were catching Fishes. They were showing airplanes.
Exercise
Firefighters had put out the fire successfully. Jim had received an anonymous gift.
Jerry had received the check just in time. Hospital staff hadn't accepted the injured
man. The Americans had discovered another planet. I had bought two laptops.
They had sold their home. The boy had solved the puzzle. She had written the
essay. They had sent him to Mumbai. She had taken the tablet.
The bandits had looted the shop. He had accepted the offer. The mechanic had
repaired the car. A girl from Kerala had won the first prize.
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type I, II and III
1. The zero-conditional sentence. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the
simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be
replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
if + Simple Present, (1st form) will-Future Ind (1st form) (First conditional
sentence)
Sentence 1 Sentence 2
If it rains the grass gets wet.
When it rains. the grass gets wet.
If the bird flies it reaches the clouds.
When you eat food you survive.
He succeeds in the exam when he attends the class
w ill have
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time.
look
2. Lisa will find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper will punish her with a fine if she (to feed) the
animals.
4. If you speak louder, your classmates (to understand) you.
5. Dan (to arrive) safe if he drive slowly.
6. You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your
homework.
7. If you (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8. The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button.
9. If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10. I (to call) the office if I am/is you.
11. If you (go)----out with your friends tonight I---- (watch)the football match on TV.
12. I-------- (earn)a lot of money if I (get)-------- that job.
13.If she (hurry)----------- we ----------- (miss)the bus.
10. We (swim) in the sea if there (not / be) so many sharks there.
Affirmative sentence
In an affirmative group of words, we use a positive sense.
They will listen to you.
Jama Masjid is an attraction of Delhi.
She is my mother, who is raising her hand.
My father has returned to Pakistan after his meeting held in
America. Pakistan won in cricket by sixty runs. They planned to
visit Jama masjid in the vacation. I have started to write an epic.
Negative sentence
This group gives a negative sense.
He doesn’t get up in the morning. The students are not attending the Maths
class. Barking dogs don’t bite. I don’t hate anybody. They won’t listen to you.
She is not in that team. We cannot survive without oxygen. She doesn’t write
fiction. You cannot ignore me.
2.Interrogative sentences (Question mark)
The sentence which makes a question. Such sentences start with the helping
verb and end with the question mark.
For example;
Are you listening to me? Do you attend the class?
Was he feeding his children? Did he run from the field?
Am I advising you? Were you helping the people?
Will he come in the class?
For example;
There are 14 punctuation marks that are commonly used in English grammar.
They are the period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, semicolon,
colon, dash, hyphen, parentheses, brackets, braces, apostrophe, quotation
marks, and ellipsis. Following their correct usage will make your writing easier
to read and more appealing.
1. The period (.) (Full stop) is placed at the end of declarative sentences,
statements thought to be complete and after many abbreviations. It
shows the completion of a sentence.
As a sentence ender:
Jane and Jack went to the market.
He gave me books.
She works at home.
It is used after an abbreviation:
Her son, John Jones Jr. was born on Dec. 6, 2008.
Jan. is the best month of the year.
The U.N.O is an organization. The U.K is a big country.
My Sr. officer is in the office.
2. Use a question mark (?) to indicate a direct question when placed at the
end of a sentence. It is used at the end of interrogative sentence.
For example: You can see it. For example: I will give you time.
A dash is used to separate words into statements. There are two common
types of dashes: en dash and em dash.
A hyphen is used to join two or more words together into a compound term
and is not separated by spaces.
For example:
part-time, back-to-back, well-known. Well-reputed.
Day-to-day, well-organized. Well–educated Well-mannered
Brackets are the squared off notations [] used for technical explanations or to
clarify meaning. If you remove the information in the brackets, the sentence
will still make sense.
Ahmed and Saima (who were actually half brother and sister) both have
red hair.
My father and my teacher (who are friends) help me.
My mother and my sister (who are teachers) cook well.
Quotations marks (" ") are a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to
mark the beginning and end of a passage attributed to another and repeated
word for word. They are also used to indicate meanings and to indicate the
unusual or dubious status of a word.
Omission of words: She began to count, "One, two, three, four…" until
she got to 10, then went to find him.
Within a quotation: When Newton stated, "An object at rest stays at
rest and an object in motion stays in motion..." he developed the law of
motion.
1.she looked surprised she said your garden must be big he said that it is and he had
plans to make it bigger he took the ladder out of the garage he set it up in the garden
room when he was on the ladder he could reach the top of the walls now he could
have trees in his garden he made a pear tree and a walnut tree he made vines to hang
from the branches he made birds nests in the trees it rained one night and he lay
awake my garden will be gone he thought but it was not gone only a few vegetables
were washed away
2.sammy and ralph were snowmen sammy was ralphs cousin sammy was a very
proper little snowman and ralph was a rebel ralph always wanted to do things
differently while sammy always wanted to do what he was supposed to do because
ralph wanted to be different he wore sunglasses a yellow flowered tourist hat and a
bright blue shirt he also carried a briefcase sammy wore a blue top hat a striped scarf
and carried a shovel ralph did have one traditional snowman characteristic that was
the same as sammys however like all snowmen he had handsome orange carrot nose
one day ralph decided to pack his suitcase full of snowballs his cousin sammy told
him not to he told ralph that all the snowballs would melt and ruin his suitcase ralph
didnt listen he packed his suitcase full of snowballs and they all melted water started
to leak out of his suitcase ralph figured out a way to solve his problem he put his
suitcase in the freezer and the water turned to ice
First persons: “I and We” are called first persons. These are changed
according to the subject of the reporting speech. For example;
Third persons: “He, she, they, it” are called third persons. These are not
changed. For example;
Change of tenses:
We Our Us
He His Him
Examples;
The teacher said to me, “You have performed your duty well.”
Interrogative sentences:
Change the Reported speech of direct speech into Affirmative sentence than
change that Affirmative sentence into indirect speech.
He said to me, “Where are you going?” (You are going) Affirmative sentence
He asked me where I was going.
My mother said to me, “What can I do for you?” (I can do for you)
My mother asked me what she could do for me.
The teacher said to me, “When will you complete the task?” (you will
complete the task)
The teacher asked me when I would complete the task.
He said to me, “Why are you feeling nervous?” (you are feeling nervous)
He asked me why I was feeling nervous.
The police man said, “Why do you break the law?” (you break the law)
The police man asked why I broke the law.
The officer said, “When do you complete the task?” (you complete the task)
The officer asked when I completed the task.
Exercise.
1. He said to me, “Where are you working?”
2. She said to me, “Why are you using my books?”
3. He said to me, “When will you come back?”
4. He said to me, “What do you want?”
5. She said to me, “Why are you sitting here?”
If the reported speech starts with “helping verb” replace the inverted commas
with either “if or whether”
He said to me, “Are you going home? (you are coming home.)
He asked me whether I was going home.
He said to me, “Have you visited Lahore?” (You have visited Lahore.)
He asked me whether I had visited Lahore.
The man said, “Will you show me the right way to Shalimar garden?”
The man asked whether I would show him the right way to Shalimar garden.
The police man said, “Can I check your luggage? (I can check your luggage.)
The police man asked whether he could check my luggage.
Exercise
1. He said to me, “Are you listening to me?”
2. She said to me, “Am I helping you?”
3. He said to me, “Can I show you my books?”
4. He said to me, “Have you done your job?”
5. He said to me, “Have you guided them?”
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES.
The teacher said, “Hurrah! You have got first position in my class.”
The teacher exclaimed with joy that I had got first position in his class.
Exercise
1. He said to me, “ Hurrah! I have won the game.”
2. She said to me, “ Hurrah! My parents have come back.”
3. He said to me, “ Alas! I have lost my watch.”
4. The man said, “ Alas! I can not teach you .”
5. He said to me, “ Hurrah! I have passed the exam.”
OPTATIVE SENTENCES
“May” is changed into “might”
He said to me, “May you win the match.”
He wished me that I might win the match.
My mother said to me, “May you succeed in your mission.”
My mother wished me that I might succeed in my mission.
The teacher said to me, “May you understand the instructions.”
The teacher wished me that I might understand the instructions.
The captain said, “May you gain the goal of your life.”
The captain wished that I might gain the goal of my life.
The woman said, “May my son succeed in his mission.”
The woman wished that her son might succeed in his mission.
Exercise
1. He said to me, “May you live long life.”
2. He said to me, “May I reach home.”
3. She said to me,” May my parents help me.”
4. She said to me, “May we gain our goals.”
5. He said to me,” May I succeed in my studies.”
Past indefinite Tense (Active and Passive Voices)
Active Voice Passive Voice
Afridi opted retirement from cricket. Retirement from cricket was opted by Afridi.
He deposited school fees of the poor School fees of the poor students were deposited by him.
students.
He drove my car from school to college My car was driven by him from school to college in 2000.
in 2000.
You attended all seminars in All seminars were attended by you in Islamabad.
Islamabad.
Did he grab good job from you? Was good job from you grabbed by him?
5. The man stole the blue car. 6. The police arrested the thieves.
7. The dog bit the old lady. 8. Tom and Max ate five hamburgers.
9. Oliver taught the children. 10. Victoria rode the brown horse.
Phrase
2. Adverb phrase
(Make noun of the adverb given in the sentence and write some words before
or after it to make an Adverb phrase.)
Noun phrase
Look at this example:
The group of words which does the work of a noun in a sentence is called Noun
Phrase.
He comes here to guide me. They want to help us. Ahmed desires to win the
game. The teacher wants to understand us. I go there to catch the train.
Exercise of Active and Passive Voice of simple present tense.
1.You don’t punish your servants. 2. They kill their enemies in the war. 3. We
shut the door at night. 4. I drink clean water from the well. 5. We don’t beat
animals. 6. She doesn’t buy things from the market. 7. She obeys her parents.
Exercise of Active and Passive Voice of present continuous tense.
1.They have fought a war against their enemies. 2. We have admonished them
to avoid teasing teachers. 3. Professional employees have left the organization
because of the incompetent manager. 4. She has spoken the truth to win the
negotiation. 5. You have buried the dead bodies in the mud. 6. My parents have
admitted me in the prominent institute.
Exercise