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Calculation

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41 views4 pages

Calculation

Uploaded by

Mohamed Rafik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Step Potential Calculation

Given Data:
 Fault current Ifault=100 A (Main Incomer)
 Distance between the person's feet (span) d=1.0 m

 Resistivity of the ground ρ=100 Ω⋅m (used to estimate the resistance of the ground in
general, but we will use Rground directly in this case)
 Ground electrode resistance Rground=1.0 Ω (Low Voltage category)

Step 1: Calculate Ground Potential Rise (GPR)

The Ground Potential Rise (GPR) represents the voltage rise in the ground relative to distant
earth, caused by the fault current. It can be calculated using:

GPR=Ifault×Rground
Where:
 Ifault is the fault current (100 A),
 Rground is the ground resistance (1.0 Ω).
Substitute the values:
GPR=100 A×1.0 Ω=100 V
So, the Ground Potential Rise (GPR) is 100V.

Step 2: Calculate the Ground Potential Gradient

The ground potential gradient is the rate at which the ground potential changes with distance.
It can be calculated by dividing the GPR by the distance over which the fault current spreads.
However, since we don't have a specific value for how far the current spreads horizontally, we'll
assume an approximate value for the length of the fault current's "spread" in the soil.

Let's use a typical approximation for the ground potential gradient in faults, often modeled as:

∇V=GPR/L

Where L is the distance over which the fault current spreads in the ground. In typical fault
scenarios, the fault current can spread over a length L of around 10.5 meters,

For EI skid, L=10.5 m.


Thus, the ground potential gradient is:

∇V=100 V/10.5 m=9.52 V/m

Step 3: Calculate the Step Potential


The step potential is the voltage difference between two points on the ground, typically the
distance between a person's feet. It is calculated as the product of the ground potential gradient
and the distance between the person's feet.
Using the formula:

Vstep=∇V×d
Where:

 ∇V=10 V/m (ground potential gradient),


 d=1.0 m (distance between the person's feet).
Substitute the values:
Vstep=9.52 V/m×1.0 m = 9.52V

Final Answer:

The step potential in this case is:

Vstep=9.52V

According to standards (e.g., IEEE 80 or SAES-P-111), the acceptable step potential should not
exceed 30V to protect personnel.
Touch Potential Calculation
Given Data:
 Fault current Ifault=100 A (Main Incomer)
 Distance between the person's hand (span) d= 1 m (distance between the person's hand
and the faulted object)

 Resistivity of the ground ρ=100 Ω⋅m


 Ground electrode resistance Rground=1.0 Ω (Low Voltage)

Step 1: Calculate Ground Potential Rise (GPR)

The Ground Potential Rise (GPR) represents the voltage rise in the ground relative to distant
earth, caused by the fault current. It can be calculated using:

GPR=Ifault×Rground
Where:
 Ifault is the fault current (100 A),
 Rground is the ground resistance (1.0 Ω).
Substitute the values:
GPR=100 A×1.0 Ω=100 V
So, the Ground Potential Rise (GPR) is 100V.

Step 2: Calculate the Ground Potential Gradient

The ground potential gradient is the rate at which the ground potential changes with distance.
It can be calculated by dividing the GPR by the distance over which the fault current spreads.
However, since we don't have a specific value for how far the current spreads horizontally, we'll
assume an approximate value for the length of the fault current's "spread" in the soil.

Let's use a typical approximation for the ground potential gradient in faults, often modeled as:

∇V=GPR/L

Where L is the distance over which the fault current spreads in the ground. In typical fault
scenarios, the fault current can spread over a length L of around 10.5 meters,
For EI skid, L=10.5 m.

Thus, the ground potential gradient is:

∇V=100 V/10.5 m=9.52 V/m

Step 3: Calculate the Touch Potential


The Touch potential is the voltage difference between two points on the ground, typically the
distance between a person's feet. It is calculated as the product of the ground potential gradient
and the distance between the person's feet.
Using the formula:

Vstep=∇V×d
Where:

 ∇V=10 V/m (ground potential gradient),


 d=1 m (distance between the person's hands).
Substitute the values:
Vstep=9.52 V/m×1.0 m = 9.52V

Final Answer:

The Touch potential in this case is:

Vtouch=9.52V

According to standards (e.g., IEEE 80 or SAES-P-111), the acceptable touch potential should
not exceed 50V to protect personnel.

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