Phys 102: Motion in 1 Dimension
Phys 102: Motion in 1 Dimension
Lecture 2
Motion in
1 dimension
Part 1- Distance and displacement
Particle’s Position
Answer :
TABLE 2.1
Displacement:
Average Velocity:
17
Ans. :
18
Ans. :
19
We can interpret average velocity
geometrically by drawing a straight
line between two points on the
position-time graph.
This line forms the hypotenuse of a
right triangle of height ∆𝑥 and base
∆𝑡.
The slope of this line is ∆𝑥/∆𝑡 (the
average velocity).
20
The instantaneous velocity
21
• The slope of the line between A and B gives us
the average velocity for this interval.
∆𝑥
𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 ≡ lim
∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡
∆𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 ≡ lim =
∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡
23
Acceleration
We are often interested in how fast the velocity is changing. This is the acceleration.
ainst = a avg
25
Acceleration
27
MOTION DIAGRAMS
𝑣Ԧ & 𝑎Ԧ are in
the same
direction
• 1) v = u + at u = initial velocity
• 2) s = ½ ( u + v ) t s = displacement
• 3) s = ut + ½ at² v = final velocity
• 4) v² = u² + 2as a =constant acceleration
t = time
Equations of motion
The Four Kinematic Equations
Example 1: A racing car starting from rest accelerates constantly
down a 160-m track before crossing the finish line after 8 s.
1) What is the acceleration of the car?
2) What is the car’s velocity at the finish line?
1 2
1) ∆𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
1
160 = 0(8) + 𝑎(8)2
2
2(160)
Ans.1 : 𝑎= = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
(8)2
2) 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣 = 0 + 5 8 = 40 𝑚/𝑠
31
Example-2: A car starts from rest with constant acceleration 𝑎
= 2.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 . What is the car’s velocity after 10 𝑠. How far did
the car travel in that time?
32
Equations of motion
Example:
Consider a car that starts at rest and accelerates at 2 m/s2 for 3 seconds.
At that time, t = 3 s, how fast is it going? and how far has it gone?
Equations of motion
Example:
Consider a car that starts at rest and accelerates at 2 m/s2 for 3 seconds.
At that time, t = 3 s, how fast is it going? and how far has it gone?
Answer :
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 0 + 2(𝑚/𝑠 2 ) × 3 𝑠
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 6(𝑚/s)
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 + 12𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2
𝑥𝑓 = 0 + 0 × 3 + 12 × 2(𝑚/𝑠 2 ) × 32 (𝑠 2 )
𝑥𝑓 = 9m
Freely Falling Objects
35
Freely Falling Objects
The motion is in the vertical direction (y) rather than the horizontal
direction (x).
36
Freely Falling Objects
The motion is in the vertical direction (y) rather than the horizontal
direction (x).
Ans. 1:
1 2
1) ∆𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2
1
0 − 7 = 0 − (9.8)𝑡 2
2
(2)(7)
𝑡= 𝑡2 = ≈ 1.2 𝑠
9.8
2) 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡
𝑣𝑓 = 0 − 9.8 1.2 = −11.8 𝑚/𝑠
38
Example 2: you throw a ball up with speed 6 m/s from a 7 m-
tall building.
How long does take the ball to get to the top?
Find the maximum height that the ball reaches ?
Ans.2 :
1) 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡
0 = 6 − 9.8𝑡
6
𝑡= = 0.612 𝑠
9.8
2) 1 2
∆𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2
1
∆𝑦 = 6 0.612 − (9.8)(0.612)2
2
∆𝑦 = 1.84 𝑚
The maximum height from the ground = 7 + 1.84 = 8.84 m
APPLICATIONS
• Problem 1:Q25 page: 50
• 25. Review. Colonel John P. Stapp, USAF,
participated in studying whether a jet pilot could
survive emergency ejection. On March 19, 1954,
he rode a rocket-propelled sled that moved down
a track at a speed of 632 mi/h. He and the sled
were safely brought to rest in 1.40 s (Fig. P2.25).
Determine (a) the negative acceleration he
experienced and (b) the distance he traveled
during this negative acceleration.
40
APPLICATIONS
Problem 2: Q17 page:50
41
APPLICATIONS
Problem 3: Q40 page: 51
42
HW 1- A movie stunt man wishes to drop from a freeway overpass and
land on the roof of a speeding truck passing beneath him. The distance
he will fall from rest to the roof of the truck is 12 m, and the truck is
moving 80 km/h. What horizontal distance away should the truck be
when the stunt man jumps?
43
HW 2- The stopping distance of a car depends on its speed in a way that is counterintuitive for many
people. The stopping distance is not simply proportional to the speed; that is, if you double your
speed, you do not merely double your stopping distance. On a dry road a car with good tires may be
able to obtain a braking acceleration of 4.90 ms2. Calculate the stopping distance for a speed of 50
km/h and for 100 km/h.
44
HW 1- A movie stunt man wishes to drop from a freeway overpass and
land on the roof of a speeding truck passing beneath him. The
distance he will fall from rest to the roof of the truck is 12 m, and the
truck is moving 80 km/h. What horizontal distance away should the
truck be when the stunt man jumps?
45
HW 2- The stopping distance of a car depends on its speed in a way that is counterintuitive for many
people. The stopping distance is not simply proportional to the speed; that is, if you double your
speed, you do not merely double your stopping distance. On a dry road a car with good tires may be
able to obtain a braking acceleration of 4.90 ms2. Calculate the stopping distance for a speed of 50
km/h and for 100 km/h.
46