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Differential Protection of Transformer

Differential Protection of Transformer

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sanjay kumar
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48 views2 pages

Differential Protection of Transformer

Differential Protection of Transformer

Uploaded by

sanjay kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Differential Protection of Transformer |

Differential Relays
May 15, 2018 by Electrical4U

Generally Differential protection is provided in the electrical power


transformer rated more than 5MVA.
The Differential Protection of Transformer has many advantages
over other schemes of protection.
1. The faults occur in the transformer inside the insulating oil can
be detected by Buchholz relay. But if any fault occurs in the
transformer but not in oil then it can not be detected by
Buchholz relay. Any flash over at the bushings are not
adequately covered by Buchholz relay. Differential relays can
detect such type of faults. Moreover Buchholz relay is provided
in transformer for detecting any internal fault in the transformer
but Differential Protection scheme detects the same in more
faster way.
2. The differential relays normally response to those faults which
occur in side the differential protection zone of transformer.
Differential Protection Scheme in a Power
Transformer
Principle of Differential Protection
Principle of Differential Protection scheme is one simple conceptual
technique. The differential relay actually compares between primary
current and secondary current of power transformer, if any unbalance
found in between primary and secondary currents the relay will
actuate and inter trip both the primary and secondary circuit breaker
of the transformer.
Suppose you have one transformer which has primary rated current Ip
and secondary current Is. If you install CT of ratio Ip/1A at the primary
side and similarly, CT of ratio Is/1A at the secondary side of the
transformer. The secondaries of these both CTs are connected
together in such a manner that secondary currents of both CTs will
oppose each other.
In other words, the secondaries of both CTs should be connected to
the same current coil of a differential relay in such an opposite
manner that there will be no resultant current in that coil in a normal
working condition of the transformer. But if any major fault occurs
inside the transformer due to which the normal ratio of the
transformer disturbed then the secondary current of both
transformers will not remain the same and one resultant current will
flow through the current coil of the differential relay, which will
actuate the relay and inter trip both the primary and secondary circuit
breakers. To correct phase shift of current because of star-delta
connection of transformer winding in the case of three-phase
transformer, the current transformer secondaries should be connected
in delta and star as shown here.

At maximum through fault current, the spill output produced by the


small percentage unbalance may be substantial. Therefore,
differential protection of transformer should be provided with a
proportional bias of an amount which exceeds in effect the maximum
ratio deviation.

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