Abnormal Psychology: Paraphilic Disorders ● Derive sexual pleasure from observing

an unsuspecting person who is4

Paraphilia
● is the experience of recurring or Module 11: substance related disorders
intense sexual arousal to atypical
objects, situations, fantasies, cover 11 different criteria:
behaviors, or individuals.It has also 1.Taking the substance in larger amounts or
been defined as a sexual interest in for longer than you're meant to
anything other than conventional 2.Wanting to cut down or stop using the
sexual intercourse with a consenting substance but not managing to
human partner. 3.Spending a lot of time getting, using, or
Causes of Paraphilic Disorders recovering from use of the substance
● Scientists and researchers suspect that 4.Cravings and urges to use the substance
a combination of neurobiological, 5.Not managing to do what you should at
genetic, developmental, behavioral, work, home, or school because of substance
and interpersonal factors play a role. use
● people with paraphilic disorders have 6.Continuing to use, even when it causes
elevated levels of serotonin and problems in relationships
norepinephrine and decreased levels 7.Giving up important social, occupational, or
of a metabolite of dopamine called recreational activities because of substance use
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 8.Using substances again and again, even
(DOPAC). when it puts you in danger
Transvestic disorder 9.Continuing to use, even when you know you
● Engages in cross-dressing associated have a physical or psychological problem that
with intense distress or impairment could have
Exhibitionistic disorder been caused or made worse by the substance
● Derive pleasure from exposing 10.Needing more of the substance to get the
genitals to an unsuspecting person effect you want (tolerance)
Fetishistic disorder and partialism 11.Development of withdrawal symptoms,
● Fetishism is sexual arousal from an which can be relieved by taking more of the
object substance
● Partialism is sexual arousal from a
part of the body The 11 criteria outlined in the DSM-5-TR
Frotteuristic disorder can be grouped into four primary
● Sexual urges and sexually arousing categories:
fantasies of rubbing up against or • physical dependence,
fondling unsuspecting persons • risky use,
Sexual masochism • social problems, and
● Masochism is being aroused by being • impaired control.
made to suffer (beaten, humiliated,
bound) Substance intoxication, a group of substance-
Pedophilic disorder induced disorders, details the symptoms
● Sexual arousal for children or that people experience when they are under the
adolescents influence of drugs.
Sexual sadism
● Sadism is being aroused by inflicting Disorders of substance intoxication
suffering on another person include:
Voyeuristic disorder •Marijuana intoxication
•Cocaine intoxication schizophrenia but are less prominent in other
•Methamphetamine intoxication (stimulants) psychotic disorders.
•Heroin intoxication (opioids)
•Acid intoxication (other hallucinogen Two negative symptoms are particularly
intoxication or "acid trip") prominent in schizophrenia:
•Substance intoxication delirium 1. diminished emotional expression
2. and avolition.
Module 13: Schizophrenia
Hallucinations
The DSM-5 says that Schizophrenia Spectrum ● Sensory experience that is a product of
and Other Psychotic Disorders are "defined by one’s mind; doesn’t exist in theoutside
abnormalities in one or more of the following world
five domains: ● Modalities: Auditory, Visual, Tactile,
• delusions, Olfactory, Gustatory, Somatic
• hallucinations, ● Auditory most common
• disorganized thinking (speech), ● Distressing, give commands, “noise”
• grossly disorganized or abnormal motor in their head
behavior
(including catatonia), Delusions
• and negative symptoms". ● Erroneous beliefs that can’t be
influenced or corrected by reason or
Delusions: Are fixed beliefs that are not contradictory evidence
amenable to change in light of conflicting ● Themes: Persecutory, Referential,
evidence. May include several themes: Grandiose, broadcasting
persecutory, referential, somatic, religious,
grandiose. Disorganized Thought & Speech
● Statements/thoughts aren’t logically
Hallucinations: Perception-like experiences connected to each other & content
that occur without an external stimulus. They often makes no sense
are vivid and clear, with the full force and
impact of normal perceptions, and not under Tangential - loose associations
voluntary control. Derailment - get off track
Flight of ideas - jump from topic to topic
Disorganized Thinking: typically inferred Neologisms - make up words
from the individual's speech. The individual Incoherence - “word salad”
may switch from one topic to another. Clanging - rhyming
Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor Disorganized Behavior
behavior: ● Disheveled appearance, unusual dress,
Manifests itself in a variety of ways, ranging basic hygiene neglected
from childlike "silliness" to unpredictable ● Inappropriate affect - doesn’t fit w/
agitation. Problems may be noted in any form the situation, childlike silliness
of goal-directed behavior, leading to ● Agitation – unpredictable, untriggered
difficulties in performing activities of daily ● Posturing – inappropriate, bizarre
living. movements
● Catatonia – lack of response to
Negative Systems: Account for a substantial environment, stupor
portion of the morbidity associated with (complete unawareness), rigid posturing,
negativism
(resistant to instructions)