Waste Management Project IN Finance

M ohammad
Ali Jinnah
University
Final Report
Name : Romesha
Registration # : SP21-MBAB-0040
Topic : Waste Management in Hospitals of Karachi
Submitted to : Dr. Syed Alamdar Ali Shah
Date : 20/12/2023
Course : Strategic Finance
Section : AW
Pages :
Table of Content
Introduction………………………………………………………………………01
Problem…………………………………………………………………………..02
Literature Review……………………………………………………………….03
Methodology……………………………………………………………………..04
Introduction:
Waste management has become an important factor in environment, refers the proper
handling, disposal, recycle, reduce & required treatment of waste generated in healthcare
facilities. Proper & safe management of hospital waste is crucial to prevent the infectious
deceases, environment protection, & ensure the safety of healthcare personnel.
Types of Hospital Wastes: There are several types of wastes usually generate in hospitals
& health care facilities, most common are as follows:
Problem Statement:
Medical waste (MW) is composed of a wide range of materials, for example, utilized needles
and syringes, body parts, drugs, diagnostic samples, blood, synthetic substances, medical
devices, radioactive materials, and surgical masks. It can be considered as a subgroup of all
wastes generated at healthcare facilities. Typically, hospital waste could be hazardous or non-
hazardous. Exposure to hazardous waste induces physical, chemical, or microbiological hazards
to the population and medical care laborers related to handling, treatment, and removal of
waste. It is estimated that around 15% of the total MW is assumed to be hazardous MW and
this value could reach as high as
35%, depending on the
characteristics of the waste and
the remaining is nonhazardous.
Hazardous waste is divided into
infectious and non-infectious or
dangerous waste. Infectious
waste contains pathogens that
could provoke an infectious
disease in a susceptible host;
thus, it requires special
treatment to inactivate the
corresponding biohazards. On
the other hand, dangerous
waste could produce poisoning,
intoxication, reproductive
health problems, or physical injuries.
Literature Review:
The areas of the study are the major countries of the World, Africa, China, India, US &
compare them to the local hospitals (Pakistani) wastage system.
Wastes generated in the process of healthcare are composed of verities of wastes including
hypodermic needles, scalpels, blades, surgical wastes (cottons & Band-Aids), gloves & safety
wares, discarded blood, medicines & body fluids, human organs & other operational wastes
& chemicals etc.
Medical waste is known as a wide range of material, for example, Utilized needles and
syringes, body parts, drugs, diagnostic samples, blood, synthetic substances, medical
instruments & devices, radioactive materials & surgical stuff. It can be considered as a
subgroup of all wastes generated at healthcare facilities. Typically hospital waste could be
hazardous or nonhazardous, exposer of hazardous wastes induces physical, chemical, or
microbiological hazards to the population & medical care laborers related to the
management of wastes & animals. According to a study it is estimated that the 15
The other wastes categorized as radioactive wastes, mercury containing instruments, PVC
plastics etc. these are the most environmentally sensitive healthcare by products & and
needs a greater importance which has to be monitored. (Remy,2001).
Sharps should be collected in

puncture proof containers.
Bags and containers for
infectious waste should be
marked with the Biohazard
symbol. Highly infectious
waste should be sterilized by
autoclaving. Cytotoxic wastes
are to be collected in leak
proof containers clearly
labeled as cytotoxic waste
(Acharya and Singh Meeta,
2000). also contributes to
environmental sustainability.
It is essential for healthcare
facilities to develop
and implement comprehensive waste management plans tailored to their specific needs and
regulatory requirements.
The study will find the difference between the world waste management system & local waste
management by using qualitative & quantitative methods to find out the gaps & problems
facing during the handling of the wastes & dumbing into somewhere where the residents are
not located nearby. Needles and syringes should be destroyed with the help of needle
destroyers and syringe cutters provided at the point of generation. Infusion sets, bottles and
gloves should be cut with curved scissors.
Management of Medical Waste:

There are several techniques used for proper deposition of the medical waste in the study
area, including burning, sterilization, on-site dumping, and some other methods. The
findings of this study concluded that there was no specific method of disposing and
treating bio-medical waste (36%). And there were not any specific measures taken for
proper disposal of medical waste. Some respondents concluded that most of the waste
was treated through puncture-resistant storage containers (32%), followed by onsite
storage rooms (22%), and the minimum number of respondents concluded that there were
some other specific ways (10%), including sterilization, autoclaving, the use of ethanol, and
other chemicals, used for proper deposition of the biomedical waste in the hospitals of the
study area. The data about the storage of biomedical waste were also collected, and the
findings conclude that most of the infectious waste was stored for more than two days
(72%), followed by those who reported that the waste was properly disposed of on a daily
basis (28%).
The bio-medical waste of the

hospitals is more hazardous and
has the ability to cause different
types of diseases in living
organisms, including human
beings. The biomedical waste was
classified into two categories:
risked bio-waste and non-risk
biowaste. The risk of bio-waste
includes waste having the ability
to cause different types of diseases because this waste contains different types of cells,
tissues, body parts, drugs, and other infection-causing substances. While the non-risk
waste includes the feeding items, papers, and packing materials, they do not have the
ability to cause any types of infections. Both risky and non-risky bio waste was collected in
the study area. The findings of the study concluded that most of the waste collected from
the hospitals in the study area fell into the category of non-risk waste (65%), followed by
risk bio-waste 35%.
The medical waste, after being subjected to high-temperature steaming, is directly transported into a
low-temperature, atmospheric pressure biomass decomposition processor.
The waste is then catalytically heated to distill out oil vapors. The oil and gas pass through a
condenser, where the liquefiable portions condense into mixed oil. The non-liquefiable portions are
processed through a gas purification system and burned at the base of the processor through a gas
system, saving fuel energy and avoiding environmental pollution.
The flue gas generated after combustion enters the spray tower and mixes with the alkaline solution
pumped by the water pump (the pool is mixed with alkaline solution). At this time, the alkaline
substances in the alkaline solution neutralize the acidic substances in the flue gas, achieving the
goal of removing the acidic substances in the flue gas.
After the flue gas is neutralized, it passes through the packing in the adsorption tower to remove any
residual alkaline solution. The cleaned flue gas is then discharged, completing the desulfurization,
dust removal, and purification process.
The residue after cracking is transported through a sealed auger to the carbon black slag tank,
ensuring environmental protection and pollution prevention.
Equipment for the waste management:

 Hospital Waste Incinerator
 Main Features
1. Gasified incineration is used for burning many kinds of waste.
2. Both gas-motivated and oil-motivated are all can be preferred according to customers’ needs.
3. Daily waste can be burned once by gasified incineration.
4. Gasified incineration, mixed incineration and burnout treatment ensures low emission standard of dust, dioxi
n etc. (lower than International standard).
5. Totally enclosed operation is suitable for treating infectious waste to avoid secondary pollution.
6. Compact structure and small land occupation.
Advantages
1. Long lifetime
2. Totally enclosed operation
3. Suitable for treating many kinds of solid waste
4. Avoid secondary pollution
5. Simple operation
Waste management incinerator
Cost around $4000/-
Production Capacity:
20kg – 500 kg per lot

Waste of Karachi:
Karachi the largest city in Pakistan with an estimated population
of 20 million people generates over 16,500 tons of municipal
waste daily.
10% of them are approximately burnable
1650 Tons per day
1650 x 1000 = 1650000 kgs per day
825 machines required for the sustainable burn of 602250 tons of

waste per year.

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M ohammad

Submitted to : Dr. Syed Alamdar Ali Shah

Course : Strategic Finance

Sharps should be collected in

Management of Medical Waste:

The bio-medical waste of the

Equipment for the waste management:

Cost around $4000/-

20kg – 500 kg per lot

10% of them are approximately burnable

1650 Tons per day

1650 x 1000 = 1650000 kgs per day

825 machines required for the sustainable burn of 602250 tons of

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