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Group member:
1.Akibul Hasan
ID- 221-23-1184
2.Md. Mahir Labib
ID- 221-23-1198
3.MD Sakibul Islam Saikot
ID- 221-23-1186
4. Aneek Mahmud
ID- 221-23-1195
5. MD Mehedi Hasan Shuvo
ID- 221-23-1167
6. Rashedul Islam Sefat
ID- 221-23-1192

Table of content Page

1.Introduction 2
2.Charactistic of research problem 2-3
3.Types of research problem 3
4.How to define research problem 4
5.Importance of research problem 4-5
6.Five steps to formulate research problem 5-6
7.Challenges & Consideration 6-7
8.Conclusion 7
9.Referance 7
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Topic Name:- How to do a Research: How to Identify and Formulate a Research

Problem

Introduction: -
In the dynamic realm of academia, research problems serve as crucial steppingstones for
groundbreaking discoveries and advancements. Research problems lay the groundwork for
inquiry and exploration that happens when conducting research. They direct the path toward
knowledge expansion. In this blog post, we will discuss the different ways you can identify and
formulate a research problem. We will also highlight how you can write a research problem, its
significance in guiding your research journey, and how it contributes to knowledge
advancement. A research problem is a gap in existing knowledge, a contradiction in an
established theory, or a real-world challenge that a researcher aims to address in their
research. It is at the heart of any scientific inquiry, directing the trajectory of an investigation.
The statement of a problem orients the reader to the importance of the topic, sets the problem
into a particular context, and defines the relevant parameters, providing the framework for
reporting the findings. Therein lies the importance of research problems. The formulation of
well-defined research questions is central to addressing a research problem. A research
question is a statement made in a question form to provide focus, clarity, and structure to the
research endeavor. This helps the researcher design methodologies, collect data, and analyze
results in a systematic and coherent manner. A study may have one or more research questions
depending on the nature of the study.

Characteristics of a Research Problem-

Knowing the characteristics of a research problem is instrumental in formulating a research
inquiry; look at the five key characteristics below:

1. Novel: An ideal research problem introduces a fresh perspective, offering something new to
the existing body of knowledge. It should contribute original insights and address unresolved
matters or essential knowledge.

2. Significant: A problem should hold significance in terms of its potential impact on theory,
practice, policy, or the understanding of a particular phenomenon. It should be relevant to the
field of study, addressing a gap in knowledge, a practical concern, or a theoretical dilemma that
holds significance.
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3. Feasible: A practical research problem allows for the formulation of hypotheses and the
design of research methodologies. A feasible research problem is one that can realistically be

investigated given the available resources, time, and expertise. It should not be too broad or
too narrow to explore effectively, and should be measurable in terms of its variables and
outcomes. It should be amenable to investigation through empirical research methods, such as
data collection and analysis, to arrive at meaningful conclusions A practical research problem
considers budgetary and time constraints, as well as limitations of the problem. These
limitations may arise due to constraints in methodology, resources, or the complexity of the
problem.

4.Clear and specific: A well-defined research problem is clear and specific, leaving no room for
ambiguity; it should be easily understandable and precisely articulated. Ensuring specificity in
the problem ensures that it is focused, addresses a distinct aspect of the broader topic and is
not vague.

5.Rooted in evidence: A good research problem leans on trustworthy evidence and data, while
dismissing unverifiable information. It must also consider ethical guidelines, ensuring the well-
being and rights of any individuals or groups involved in the study.

Types of Research Problem-

Research problems can be categorized into different types based on their nature and scope.
The three most common types are:

Theoretical-It involves using theoretical frameworks, concepts, and models to investigate a

subject or event. Theoretical research aims to extend existing knowledge, address unsolved
disputes or gaps, or critique and evaluate preexisting theories.

Applied-It focuses on specific problems or challenges within a particular industry or sector and
aims to provide practical solutions through systematic research. Applied research aims to
bridge the gap between theory and practical application, optimizing existing processes,
technologies, products, or services.

Action-Action research combines research and action to address real-world issues. It

encompasses problem-solving in various contexts, such as organizations, education, community
development, policy implementation, and personal or professional development. Action
research is flexible and can be tailored to different situations and issues.
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How to Define Research Problem-

These are the general steps to follow:

1.Look for a broad problem area: Identify under-explored aspects or areas of concern, or a
controversy in your topic of interest. Evaluate the significance of addressing the problem in
terms of its potential contribution to the field, practical applications, or theoretical insights.

2.Learn more about the problem: Read the literature, starting from historical aspects to the
current status and latest updates. Rely on reputable evidence and data. Be sure to consult
researchers who work in the relevant field, mentors, and peers. Do not ignore the gray
literature on the subject.

3.Identify the relevant variables and how they are related: Consider which variables are most
important to the study and will help answer the research question. Once this is done, you will
need to determine the relationships between these variables and how these relationships
affect the research problem.

4.Think of practical aspects: Deliberate on ways that your study can be practical and feasible in
terms of time and resources. Discuss practical aspects with researchers in the field and be open
to revising the problem based on feedback. Refine the scope of the research problem to make it
manageable and specific; consider the resources available, time constraints, and feasibility.

5.Formulate the problem statement: Craft a concise problem statement that outlines the
specific issue, its relevance, and why it needs further investigation.

6.Stick to plans, but be flexible: When defining the problem, plan ahead but adhere to your
budget and timeline. At the same time, consider all possibilities and ensure that the problem
and question can be modified if needed.

Importance of Research Problem-

Research problems play a vital role in shaping the direction and course of an investigation. They
serve as the foundation for the entire research process, guiding researchers in their pursuit of
knowledge and advancement in a specific field. The importance of research problems lies in the
following

1.Identifying knowledge gaps-Research problems help identify areas where knowledge is

lacking or incomplete, highlighting the need for further investigation and addressing
unanswered questions.
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2.Providing direction-A well-defined research problem gives the research project focus and
direction. It aids in the development of an effective research design, technique and the
establishment of research objectives and questions.

3.Justifying the study’s significance-A clear research problem helps researchers justify the
value and importance of their study by emphasizing its relevance, potential benefits, and
contributions to the field.

4.Facilitating problem-solving and decision-making-Research problems often stem from real-

world challenges or problems. By examining these problems, researchers can develop
innovative ideas, methods, or strategies to solve practical issues or guide decision-making.

5.Advancing theory and knowledge-Research problems serve as a basis for developing new
concepts, hypotheses, or models. By addressing research challenges, researchers contribute to
understanding a subject, debunk preexisting beliefs, or propose new hypotheses.

6.Promoting intellectual curiosity and innovation-Research problems encourage intellectual

curiosity and innovation by pushing researchers to explore fresh perspectives and
methodologies. By encouraging critical thinking, generating original ideas, and developing
unique research approaches, research problems foster innovation and creativity.

Five steps to formulate research problems-

Formulating research problems is a crucial initial step in conducting purposeful and targeted
research. Here are five steps to follow:

1.Identify the broad research area-Determine the broad subject or field that interests you,
considering discipline-specific topics or specific phenomena.

2.Conduct a literature review-Review existing literature and research in your chosen field to
understand the current knowledge level and identify gaps or unsolved issues and areas
requiring further research. Read relevant scholarly publications, books, and articles to gain a
comprehensive understanding.

3.Narrow down the focus-Based on the literature review, select a specific component or
subject within your chosen research field. Look for inconsistencies, contradictions, or open-
ended questions in the existing literature that can present challenges for future research.
Refine your research topic and focus it on a single problem or phenomenon.
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4.Define clear objectives-Establish clear and concise research objectives that outline your
investigation’s specific aims or outcomes. SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant,
and time-bound) objectives help maintain focus and guide the research process effectively.

5.Formulate research questions-Create distinct research questions or hypotheses that align

with your research problem and objectives. Qualitative research often utilizes research
questions, while quantitative research employs hypotheses. Ensure these inquiries or
hypotheses are precise, concise, and aimed at addressing the stated research problem.

Challenges & Consideration-

Formulating a research problem involves several challenges and considerations that
researchers should carefully address:

1.Feasibility: Before you finalize a research problem, it is crucial to assess its feasibility.
Consider the availability of resources, time, and expertise required to conduct the research.
Evaluate potential constraints and determine if the research problem can be realistically tackled
within the given limitations.

2.Novelty and Contribution: A well-crafted research problem should aim to contribute to

existing knowledge in the field. Ensure that your research problem addresses a gap in the
literature or provides innovative insights. Review past studies to understand what has already
been done and how your research can build upon or offer something new.

3.Ethical and Social Implications: Take into account the ethical and social implications of your
research problem. Research involving human subjects or sensitive topics requires ethical
considerations. Consider the potential impact of your research on individuals, communities, or
society as a whole.

4.Scope and Focus: Be mindful of the scope of your research problem. A problem that is too
broad may be challenging to address comprehensively, while one that is too narrow might limit
the significance of the findings. Strike a balance between a focused research problem that can
be thoroughly investigated and one that has broader implications.

5.Clear Objectives: Ensure that your research problem aligns with specific research objectives.
Clearly define what you intend to achieve through your study. Having well-defined objectives
will help you stay on track and maintain clarity throughout the research process.
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6.Relevance and Significance: Consider the relevance and significance of your research
problem in the context of your field of study. Assess its potential implications for theory,
practice, or policymaking. A research problem that addresses important questions and has
practical implications is more likely to be valuable to the academic community and beyond.

Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding how to formulate a research problem is fundamental for you to
have meaningful research and intellectual growth. Remember that a well-crafted research
problem serves as the foundation for groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in various
fields. It not only enhances the credibility and relevance of your study but also contributes to
the expansion of knowledge and the betterment of society. Therefore, put more effort into the
process of identifying and formulating research problems with enthusiasm and curiosity.
Engage in comprehensive literature reviews, observe your surroundings, and reflect on the gaps
in existing knowledge. Lastly, don’t forget to be mindful of the challenges and considerations,
and ensure your research problem aligns with clear objectives and ethical principles.

References-
1.Kumar, R. (2019). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. SAGE
Publications.

2.Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.

3.Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2015). Research Methods for Business Students.
Pearson.