2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N) | 978-1-6654-7436-8/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICAC3N56670.2022.10074034

Blockchain based E-Voting

1 2 3
Ashish Sharma Chavikant Takshi Singh
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute Of Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute Of
Technology and Management Of Technology and Management Technology and Management

4 5 6
Tushar Aggarwal Dhyanendra Jain Prashant Singh
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute Of Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute Of
Technology and Management Of Technology and Management Technology and Management

Abstract - In recent years, the use of the internet to vote I. INTRODUCTION

has become popular and several governments in Europe
and worldwide are intending to experiment with it. Elections are essential in a democratic society as they
Online voting is becoming more popular in today's allow citizens to express their views through voting.
culture. Many people are currently benefiting from cold Because elections are so important in our society,
digital technologies. Unlike the election system, it makes
they must be transparent and credible in order for
far more frequent use of paper. A standard (offline)
method poses a security and transparency risk to participants to trust them. In this environment, the
popular elections. National elections are still voting mechanism has evolved into a dynamic
centralized, with only one political party in authority. platform. This evolution is being driven by initiatives
One of the main issues with traditional election systems to make the system more safe and transparent. Due to
is the organization that has complete control over the its significance, continuing attempts are being made
website and system, which might disrupt the database to improve the voting system's efficiency and
of many opportunities. Because we accept a separate effectiveness. To get popular support, voting systems
system and the complete database is handled by many must adhere to specific criteria. These circumstances
people, blockchain technology is one of the answers.
include, among others, voter anonymity, voter
The blockchain technology has been employed in a
Bitcoin system called as a separate Bank. One of the loyalty, and rejection. [4]
most fraudulent sources on a website can be reduced by
using a blockchain in the distribution of information on Blockchain is a decentralized, immutable, and widely
electronic voting systems. This research examines the distributed public ledger. This innovative technology
use of a blockchain algorithm to record vote results at works in four different ways: (i)There are several
all polling sites. It's no longer necessary to print ballot sites where you can find the ledger: Maintaining a
sheets or open polling stations.The goal of this research distributed ladder has no single point of failure. (ii)
is to look into the use of blockchain as an electronic A book's potential to introduce new features is
voting mechanism.
limited. (iii) Any "new block" proposed in the book
In this paper, an e-trust voting system is divided into must refer to a previous version of the ledger,
blockchain. The classification system means that the forming an irreplaceable chain from which the
calculation depends on the blockchain segmentation. blockchain derives its name and ensuring that the
The voter does not have to trust the election integrity of the previous submission is not
administration in an unreliable system, and the trust is jeopardized. (iv) Most network nodes must reach
divided among all voters. The entire protocol affects agreement before a new entry block becomes a
system accuracy. Furthermore, all voters will have permanent part of the ledger. [3]
cryptographic assurance that their privacy will be
safeguarded. The article covers the needs for developing Blockchain technology creates a secure environment
electronic voting systems and identifies legal and
for online or electronic voting. Because of the
technical barriers to employing blockchain as a
monitoring service for such systems. benefits of end-to-end, the latest blockchain
technology, electronic voting systems have been
Keywords: Blockchain, security, privacy, transparency, created using blockchain technology. Blockchain is
voting, blockchain based electronic voting, smart an attractive alternative to traditional electronic
contracts, Ethereum, e-voting voting techniques thanks to features like segregation,

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 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

non-disclosure, and security protection. It had 4. Verification: Voters can see if their ballots were
previously been used for both boardroom and public counted or rejected in the final election results.
votes. The blockchain started off as a collection of 5. Electoral integrity: Before the election, the total
blocks, is presently a growing collection of blocks number of votes cast should not be known.
linked via cryptography. The hash, timestamp, and 6. Variations: Each voter is only allowed to vote once
activity data from the preceding block are stored in per election.
each block. The blockchain was built to handle large 7. Non-coercion: Coercion and corruption can be
amounts of data. Academics are aiming to capitalise fought by voters.
on properties like as confidentiality, and Because the current system is inefficient, voters must
transparency, which are crucial in voting be educated.
applications. Initiatives like leveraging blockchain
technology to secure and protect elections have lately III. ORIGIN
gained traction, a lot of interest due to the blockchain
use of electronic voting systems. [5] Since the i.) Paper-Based Voting: A voter is given an empty
inception of democratic elections, the voting system ballot and must mark which candidate he or she want
has been based on pen and paper. In order to to vote for with a pen or marker. Hand-counting
minimize fraud and make the voting process more ballots takes time and effort, but ballot papers are
manageable and credible,the new pen and paper simple to prepare and votes may be saved, ensuring
system must be replaced with a new electoral that this is the most popular method of voting.
system.[3] To strengthen people's trust in popular
voting, the traditional or paper-based voting ii.) Lever Voting Machine: A rare gadget, the lever
mechanism is adopted. It aided in making the voting machine assigns each lever to a compatible
democratic process and election system more suitable candidate. The voter manipulates the system to vote
to electing democratic governments and districts. In for the person they care about. This sort of voting
2018, there are 167 democratic countries out of equipment can count votes automatically. Because its
around 200, some of which are wholly faulty or communication is ineffective, it is vital to provide
mixed. [5] Electronic voting devices are seen as voters with some training.
defective by the security community, particularly due
to physical security concerns. Anyone who has iii.) Electronic voting machine (DRE): A keyboard,
physical access to such a machine has the opportunity touch screen, or buttons are used by the voter to cast
to cause it harm, influencing all votes put on it. [3] their vote on an electronic voting machine. Some of
them are dozing off at the polling machines, and the
II. E-VOTING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ballots are being counted quickly. However, the
accuracy of a DRE other than vote records is in
India is a developing country where new technologies question.
are being used every day. Due to technological
advances many countries are using the E-Voting iv.) Punch cards: The voter drills a hole in an empty
system in their election known as the electronic ball with a metal slit. It can count votes
voting system. This technology has social problems. automatically, but the outcome will almost likely be
For starters, electronic voting can be more convenient wrong if the voter piercing is incomplete.
and accessible. This is especially true for online and
telephone voting, because votes may be cast from any v.) Visual voting machine: Following the completion
computer connected to the internet or from any active of a circle by each voter in an empty ballot box
phone. By providing more entrance points for corresponding to his or her preferred candidate, the
individuals who are authorized to vote, these latter machine selects the darkest mark that calculates the
strategies dramatically cut the cost of voting for more total result for each vote This type of machine swiftly
people. Long lines at polling places must be counts votes. However, if the voter completes the
eliminated, and accessibility difficulties for those circle, a visual mistake will occur. [8]
with disabilities, those suffering from illness, those
IV. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
serving in the military or living abroad, and those on
foot must be addressed. [11] The module of creating elections, adding candidates
contesting the elections are few requirements.
1. Eligibility: Only qualified citizens can vote.
2. Anonymity: Voters' votes cannot be traced back to
them.
3. Voters can vote from anywhere.

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 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

Software Type Version based, nationally distributed blockchain with an open

source. Ether is a blockchain-based crypto currency.
Node.js JavaScript Runtime 8.17.0
Ethereum currently uses a compliant protocol called
Environment
the proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain. This allows the
NPM JavaScript Package Manager 6.13.4
Ethereum network nodes to sync the status of all the
NVM Node Version Manager 1.1.9 information recorded in the Ethereum blockchain and
EthereumT Customizable Blockchain 0.20.1 prevent certain types of economic attacks.
estRPC emulator
Visual IDE (Integrated 1.65.0 Users come to the voting page and use their Aadhaar
Studio Development Environment (Aadhaar number) credentials and login again.
Code library) Temporary wallet id / secret key assigned to identify
Solidity Development platformbuild 0.8.0 a different user. This is to ensure security and
on Blockchain anonymity and to make transactions take place on the
Windows Operating System 1809 blockchain a small fee is charged (Gas Fee) to be
10 charged via ETH (blockchain transaction fee) via
Wallet, and the sale is guaranteed and it was
confirmed.

The Authority must first login with Administrator

V. METHODOLOGY Information to open the system publicly. The voter
can now begin the voting process by verifying the
Blockchain was started by a man named Satoshi correct authentication via OTP (one-time password)
Nakamoto. Blockchain [10] mainly contains a list of on the mobile number linked to their Aadhaar card. A
information called blocks and is a type of voting palette will open with the names of candidates,
spreadsheet. In each block, it contains transaction their parties and logos. A voter can now cast their
data, record time, previous block hash. For the first ballots by clicking the voting button. Smart Contract
block, it is known as the genesis or base block. In is written in such a way that once the vote is finalized
essence, it lacks a previous hash value, and this block it cannot be changed by the user or administrator, and
has a default hash value.. Basic Blockchain blocks that user cannot cast more than one vote, after the
shown one-time voting buttons are closed and the vote
automatically goes out and the action id is generated.
The same process continues for many voters without
regard to their voting wards. After the user has voted
for the candidate they want; for the purpose of
transparency the user the message is displayed to the
user about the voting vote whether the vote is
registered or not and on which candidate the vote was
cast. After voting the total number of votes cast is
displayed to indicate transparency and save time,
money and resources that could otherwise be used.

Fig 1. Basic blockchain

Voting website functionality is built into the

Ethereum Blockchain.Ethereum is a smart contract-

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 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

Fig3.
Anonymity and verification [2]

When outsiders are unable to get information on how

to vote, one of the major prerequisites for anonymous
voting exists. Citizens must, however, be qualified to
vote, which must be ensured in some way. Balancing
these two requirements is a difficult task. When it
comes to blockchain, we want someone to be able to
see that it is their vote, but we don't want anyone to
be able to see what is going on because this makes it
Fig 2. System performance difficult to ensure that voting is fair.[2]
The authors used Ethereum to create a decentralised
Allowing voters to exercise their right to voice their and self-tallying internet voting protocol (McCorry et
opinions on specificproblems, pieces of legislation, al, 2017). The authors began with the openvote e-
citizen motivation, constitutional amendment, voting method (Chaum et al, 2008). [4]
remembrance, and/or the election of their own Bell, S., Benaloh, J., Byrne, M. D., Debeauvoir, D.,
government is the purpose of voting. Voters are given Eakin, B., Kortum, P., McBurnett, N., Pereira, O.,
numerical technology to help them cast their ballots. Stark, P. B., Wallach, D. S., Fisher, G ., Montoya, J.,
[11] Parker, M. and Winn, M. (2013). "Star vote: A
Almost all voting systems around the world secure, transparent, readable, and reliable voting
incorporate the following procedures to allow for the system." / ALL 13).USENIX Association,
exercise of this right: Washington, D.C., 2013. [9]
1. Voter recognition and confirmation. Jan Willemson, Sven Heiberg, Ivo Kubjas,
2. Voting, voting, voting JannoSiim[6] were assessed to have a full description
3. Vote tabulation. of the conditions that needed to be confirmed for the
4. Announcement of election results. voting event to be considered valid. At present, the
use of smart contracts seems to be the most formal
VI. LITERATURE REVIEW way to deal with this issue, but systems that use smart
contracts so far imply significant operational
Roopak has proposed a unique solution to use the penalties, which are very limited e.g. number of
Aadhar website for voter information.An electronic voters. The consistent validity of blockchain-based
voting system is offered as the frameworkthat makes voting systems is complex, exceeding the original
use of the UIDAI's unique ID system. The Aadhar objective of transparency. It is possible that the
website allows users to obtain demographic data, simplicity of the verification process needs to be seen
such as voter and voter fingerprint data. As shown in as a requirement for the development itself.
Figure 3, while encrypting, fingerprints are turned to Seifedine Kadr, Firas I. Hazzaa This article addresses
a digital signature that can be used to ensure the the design and creation of the "Web-Based Voting
security of the block vote. System Using Fingerprint and Performance Design,"
which aims to deliver high performance and security
in the voting system while also utilising web
technologies. A novel concept for a university
election to elect a president has been proposed. The
planned EVS would allow voters to scan their
fingerprints, which would then be compared to an

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 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)

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