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Heat and Thermodynamics Tutorial Ques Ans

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34 views6 pages

Heat and Thermodynamics Tutorial Ques Ans

Uploaded by

jihadbiswas0625
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ques 1:

A. what do you mean by heat and temperature?


write the Law of thermodynamics.
Ans:
Heat:

Heat is a form of energy that flows from one object to another due to a temperature
difference between them. It is a measure of the total kinetic energy of particles in a
substance due to random motion. The SI unit of heat is the joule (J).

Temperature:

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a


substance. It indicates how hot or cold an object is. The SI unit of temperature is
the kelvin (K), but it is also commonly measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or
Fahrenheit (°F).

The Laws of Thermodynamics:

First Law: Whenever heat flows in or out of a system, the gain or lass of thermal
energy equals the amount of heat transferred.
Second Law: Heat never spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot
substance.
Third law: No system can reach absolute zero.

B. which type of energy is heat energy? how is heat


energy formed?
Ans:
heat energy is a form of thermal energy. It is the energy that comes from the movement
of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) within a substance. As particles move faster,
they possess more kinetic energy, and when they collide with each other, they transfer
energy. This energy, in the form of motion and vibrations, is what we recognize as heat.
Heat energy is formed through various processes, primarily by the motion of particles or
through energy conversion:
Particle Motion (Kinetic Energy): Heat energy arises from the movement of particles
(atoms or molecules) in a substance. The faster the particles move, the higher the
temperature and the more heat energy is generated.
Chemical Reactions: In exothermic reactions, such as combustion, chemical bonds are
broken and new ones are formed, releasing energy in the form of heat.
Friction and Mechanical Work: When two objects rub together, friction converts
mechanical energy into heat energy. For example, rubbing your hands together
generates heat.
These processes result in the production of heat energy by converting or transferring
energy into the motion or vibration of particles.

C. how much energy is needed to heat up 1kg of water


by 15°C?
Ans:
To calculate the amount of energy needed to heat 1 kg of water by 15°C, we can
use the formula:
Q=mcΔT
Where:
Q is the heat energy (in joules)
m is the mass of the water (in kg)
c is the specific heat capacity of water (approximately 4186J/kg°C)
ΔT is the temperature change (in °C)
Given,
m = 1 kg

c=4200j/kg°C

ΔT=15°C

Now, plug these values into the formula:

Q=1×4200×15
Q=63000 J
So , the energy required to heat 1 kg of water by 15°C is 63000 joules.

Ques 2:
A.What is kinetic theory of gases? what are the main
components of the kinetic theory of gases?
Ans:
Kinetic theory of gases is a theoretical model that describes the molecular
composition of the gas in terms of a large number of submicroscopic
particles which include atoms and molecules. Further, the theory explains
that gas pressure arises due to particles colliding with each other and the
walls of the container.
The three main components of the kinetic theory of gases are:

1) When molecules collide with each other, no energy is gained or lost.


2) The space occupied by the molecules of gas in a container is very
negligible.
3) These molecules always have linear motion.
B. Find out Relation between Average Velocity, Root
mean square Velocity and Most Probable Velocity.

Ans:

C.What is Brownian motion?


Ans: Brownian motion is the random, erratic movement of microscopic
particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas). This motion is caused by the
continuous collisions of the fluid molecules with the particles. It was first observed
by the botanist Robert Brown in 1827 when he looked at pollen grains suspended
in water under a microscope and noticed their irregular motion.
D.Show the block diagram of heat engine.
What makes a heat engine more efficient?
Ans: A very basic diagram of the heat engine is given below:

A heat engine becomes more efficient by increasing the temperature


difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, as this allows more energy
to be converted into useful work . A key factor in improving efficiency is
maximizing the temperature difference between the heat source (high
temperature) and the heat sink (low temperature).
According to the Carnot efficiency formula:

The greater the temperature difference, the more efficient the engine can
be.
Additionally, reducing energy losses through better insulation, minimizing
friction, and optimizing the thermodynamic cycle (such as using advanced
fluids or designs) can further enhance efficiency.

Created by
Rakibul Islam Naim

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