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Chapter IV

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6 views5 pages

Chapter IV

Uploaded by

2018cabreraog
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER IV

RADICALS
OBJECTIVES:
1. Familiarize with the properties of Radicals; and

2. Solve and simplify radicals.

KEY/ CONCEPTS:

√n a a –> radicand

√ -> radical sign


n –> index

1. Properties of Radicals:
a. a = √n an
b. am/n = √n am
c. a1/n = √n a1
d. n√ a ● n√ b = n√ ab

e. n
√ a / n√ b = n√ a /b

Power and Radical Relationship


Element Power (am/n) Radical (n√ am)
a Base Radicand

m Numerator of Exponent Exponent

n Denominator of Exponent Index

Terms:
a. Like or Similar – radicals having same index and radicand
Example: 3√ 2 x , -5 3√ 2 x and 7 3√ 2 x
b. Radicals of same order are radicals with same index 3
√ 2 x ; 3√ x2

c. Root of a number is one of the equal factors of the given number.

Examples:

√ 25 = ± 5, since (± 5)2 =25


3
√−8 = -2, since (-2)3 = -8
5
√ 32 x 10 = 2x2, since (2x2)5 = 32x10
By Convention, however n√ a will stand for the positive nth root.
Notes:

a. If n is even and a (positive number), it has two real nth roots one + and –
b. If n is odd, every number, (a) has one and only one real nth root, the sign follows
the sign of the radicand.
c. If n is even and (a) is a negative number it has no real nth root, its roots are
imaginary numbers.

2. Operations of Radicals:
a. Removal of factors from the radicand
From: n√ a b = n√ a ● n√ b

Examples:
a. √ 24 = √ (6)(4) = √ 6 ● √ 4 = 2√ 6

b. √−16 x 7 = 3√(−8 x ¿¿ 6)(2 x)¿ = 3√−8 x 6 ● 3√ 2 x = -2x2 3√ 2 x


3

c. √ 81 a5b8 = 4√ 81 a4b8 (a) = 3ab2 4√ a


4

d. √ 50 x3 = √(25)(2) ¿ ¿x2)(x) = 5x√ 2 x

b. Reduction of the Radicand to an Integral form:


From:

√
n a
b
√n a
= n
√b
Examples:

a.
√ √ √
1
2
= 1 2
▪
2 2
=
2
4
= √ 2 = √2 or 1 2
√4 2 2 √

√ √ √
b. 3 −x ³
2 y²
= 3 −x ³ ∙
2 y²
3 4y
4y
=
√
3 −x 3 . 4 y
8 y³
= −x 3
2y
√4 y

√3 √2 √6
c. . = = √6 / 4
√8 √2 √16

c. Reduction of the Index of a Radical


Examples : Reduce the order:

a. √ 9 = 4√ 32 = (3) 2/4 = 31/2 = √ 3


4

b. √ 81 x 2y2 = 6√(9 xy )2 = (9xy)2/6 = 3√ 9 xy


6

d. Addition and Subtraction of Radicals


- Only similar radicals (same index and same radicand) can be combined.

Examples:
1. Reduce the given radicals, whenever feasible, to similar radicals by any of the
procedures of simplification.
2. Combine similar radicals according to the distributive law of addition.

a. Add: √ 50 + 2√ 1/2 - √ 18
√ 50 = √ 25 ▪2 = + 5√ 2
2√ 1/2 = 2√ 1/2▪ 2/2 = 1 √ 2
√ 18 = √ 9 ▪2 = -3√ 2
3√ 2

b. Combine: √3 2 a ⁴ - √3 16 a 4 + 2 √3 54 a ⁴

√3 2 a ⁴ = √3 a3 . 2 a = a √3 2 a
√3 16 a 4 = √3 8 a ³. 2 a = -2a√3 2 a

2√3 54 a 4 = 2√3 27 a3 . 2 a = 6a √3 2 a
5a √3 2 a

e. Multiplication of Radicals
From: n√ a ● n√ b = n√ a b
−¿Radicals of same order (same index) can only be multiplied.

Examples:
1. (3 √ 2)(-2 √ 8 ) = -6 √(2)(8) = - 6 √ 16 = - 6(4) = - 24
2. (4√ 5 + √ 3) (√ 5-√ 3) = 4√ 25 - 4√ 15 + √ 15 - √ 9
= 4(5) - 3√ 15 - 3 = 17 - 3 √ 15

3. (3√ 2 x ) (4√ 3 x2) = (2x)1/3 (3x2)1/4 = (2x)4/12 (3x2)3/12


= 12√ (2 x) 4 . 12√ ¿ ¿2)3
= 12√ 16 x 4 . 12√ 27 x 6 = 12√ 432 x 10
f. Division of Radicals
From : n√ a / n√ b = n√ a /b
- Same ordered radicals can be divided.

Examples

√24 = 8 = 4 .2 = 2 2
1. √ √ √
√3

2.
√
3 80
5
= √3 16 = √3 8 . 2 = 2 √3 2

10 √ 16 a ³ b ²
3. = 5√ 8 a ² b = 5 √ 4 a2 .2 b = 10a √ 2 b
2 √ 2ab

4.
√3 4 = 13 ÷ 16
√6 2 4 2

2 1
= 4 6 ÷ 26

= √6 4² ÷ √6 2
= √6 16 ÷ √6 2
= √6 8

Simplify the following radicals


a. 3√ 2 + 4√ 2 - 5√ 2 = (3+4-5)√ 2 = 2√ 2

b. 3√ 24 - √ 54 + √ 96

3√ 4 .6 = 6√ 6

√ 9.6 = - 3√ 6
√ 16.6 = 4√ 6
7√ 6
√32 x ⁴ = 16 x ³ =
c.
√2 x
√ √ 16 x 2 . x = 4x√ x

d. (√3 5) (√ 6 ) = √6 5,400

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