Machine Translated by Google

What is a hydrometer?

A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the relative density of a liquid. The hydrometer is made

of glass and basically consists of two parts;

Cylinder shaped stem with graduation marks

Bulb at the bottom is weighted with mercury.

The lower the density of the liquid, the more the hydrometer will sink. Think of water and gasoline, for

example. The density of gasoline is lower than that of water, so the hydrometer will sink more in the case

of gasoline than in water.

Hydrometer

Why is a hydrometer used to analyze the particle size of fine granular soil?

In the case of fine-grained soils, the sieve analysis test does not give a reliable test result. This is

because fine-grained soils consist of different particle sizes starting from 0.70.

mm to 070002 mm. It is not practical to design a sieve with smaller opening size. There is also a chance

of sample crushing during screening. Therefore, hydrometer analysis is performed to analyze the

particle size of fine grained soils.

Soil granular analysis experiment using hydrometer method

1. Tools used

A sensitive scale (and be 0701 grief).

Mechanical mixer (used to mix the sample well with water).

Hydrometer (of the type shown in the figure above).

Rainwater (to be used in the experiment to give more accurate results).

4 graduated cylinders (1000 cm3) for the experiment.

Polish (used to place the sample inside the cylinder).

Dispersion solution (Sodium hexametaphosphate solution is prepared by dissolving 33 g of sodium

hexametaphosphate and 0.0 g of sodium carbonate in distilled water to make a one-liter solution).

Temperature contact (that is, contact with the temperature of the water).

Emf hour (used to calculate the sedimentation voltage).

Soil sample (the sample must be taken from a 200 mm sieve from the same sample that was tested by

the mechanical method).

Soil granular analysis experiment using hydrometer

.2 Action steps

This procedure is used when more than 100 percent of the soil is finer than a 200 µm sieve.

Take 50 g of oven-dried soil into the beaker.

Prepare the diffusion solution. Usually a 4% solution of sodium hexaphosphate (Calgon) is used. This

can be prepared by adding 40 g of Calgon to 1000 cc of distilled water and mixing it together.

Take 125 cc of the mixture prepared in step 2 and add it to the soil taken in step 1.

It should be left for 8 to 12 hours.

Take a graduated cylinder Cc000-I and add 8.5 cm3 of rainwater plus 125

Add 1 cubic centimeter of diffusion solution to it. Mix the solution well.

Place the cylinder (from step 4) in a location with a constant temperature. Record the temperature from

Location, T(degrees Celsius).

Place the hydrometer in the cylinder (step 5). Record the reading. (Note: This is the zero correction

(Fz), which can be positive or negative. Also note the correction (Fm).

Using a trowel, mix the soil prepared in step 3. Pour it into the mixing beaker. Note: During this

process, some soil may stick to the sides of the beaker. Using a plastic squeeze bottle filled with

rainwater, wash away all the remaining soil in the beaker.

Add rainwater to the cup to make it about two-thirds full. Mix for about two minutes using

a blender.

Pour the mixture into a second-degree graduated cylinder. Make sure all solid soil is washed

out of the mixing cup. Fill the graduated cylinder with rainwater to bring the water level to the

1000 cc mark.

Secure the top of the cylinder with a rubber stopper (Step 0). Mix the soil and water very well.

The method of turning the soil cylinder upside down several times.

Place the cylinder in the constant temperature room next to the cylinder described in step 5. Record

the volt immediately. This is the cumulative volt t = 0. Insert the hydrometer into the cylinder

containing the soil and water.

Take the hydrometer readings in the cumulative first t = 0.25 min, 0.5 min, 1 min, and 2 min.

A bucket.

Take the hydrometer two decimeters after placing it in the cylinder next to it (step 5).

Hydrometer readings should be taken at the appropriate voltage t = 4 min, 8 min, 15 min, 24 h,

and 48 h. For each reading, 4 h, 8 h, 2 h, 30 min, 1 h, insert the hydrometer into the cylinder

containing the soil and water for about 30 seconds to wet the mirror. After taking the mirror,

remove the hydrometer and place it back in the cylinder next to it (step 5).

Soil granular analysis experiment using hydrometer

.3 Calculations and results

Soil granular analysis experiment using hydrometer

Hydrometer Analysis

Scheme (1): Schematic diagram of hydrometer test data only

Hydrometer Analysis

Figure 2: Flowchart of hydrometer test data with sieve analysis data

Calculate the coefficients Cu (uniformity coefficient of soil particles) and Cc (curvature coefficient of particles):

Hydrometer Analysis

.4 The Manalsha

Hydrometry is a process of determining the size of particles that usually takes .8 hours. Because of the lack of

moderation, we did not carry out the entire experiment. Some observations were still made. There is a need to take

the temperature of the solution from each time period because this imposes certain effects.

Depending on the condition of the soil and water being studied. It is important to be patient in performing this

experiment because you will need to wait and observe carefully while performing this experiment.

It was also clear and proven that these larger bodies continued faster than those smaller bodies.

The smallest. We noticed that the weight factor of the body was the main consideration in this experiment. Finally,

it was also necessary to appoint specific people to take care of the temperature.

And a moisture meter to ensure consistency in the correct mirror.

Practical benefit:

The hydrometer experiment, which is particle size analysis, finds its application in foundation engineering and

construction. Knowing the particle size of soil particles, engineers will be able to determine the corresponding

treatment that should be done to the soil (especially in the first stages necessary to increase the soil density).

In practice, information gathered through particle size analysis has been used to design structures, particularly those

associated with road and pavement construction. The gradation of soil particles, which is determined through

particle size analysis, is the primary concern in pavement mix design.