A

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

Artificial Intelligence
“Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award
of the Degree of the Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering to Rajasthan
Technical University, Kota”

SUBMITTED BY
Kirti Suthar (21AI023)

Department of Computer Science (A.I.)

ANAND INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR

2021-25
 Acknowledgment

It is a great pleasure and privilege for me to present this seminar report on topic Artificial

Intelligence submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree

of the Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering to Rajasthan Technical

University, Kota.

We express our sincere thanks to H.O.D. Computer Science Department of our college

for his kind co-operation and valuable suggestions.

We are very much thankful to our teacher, Seminar Guide for his encouragement and

inspiration at every step to a great extent. This seminar report would not have been

possible without his support and able guidance. He was very supportive throughout the

given period in sharing their knowledge and technical aspects.

Finally, we express earnest and sincere thanks to the whole “Computer Science

Department” for the generous help and co-operation in every possible manner.

Name: Kirti Suthar

College ID.: 21AI023

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 Candidate’s Declaration

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the seminar report on topic

Artificial Intelligence submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award

of the degree of the Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering to Rajasthan

Technical University, Kota is a record of my seminar carried under the Guidance of

Siddharth Sir, Professor, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur.

Name: Kirti Suthar

College ID.: 21AI023

Siddharth Sir
Professor
Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur

ii
 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force across various industries,

revolutionizing processes and unlocking new possibilities. In healthcare, AI-powered

diagnostic tools assist medical professionals in detecting diseases earlier and with greater

accuracy. Financial institutions harness AI algorithms for fraud detection and risk assessment,

enhancing security and decision-making capabilities.

Manufacturing benefits from AI through predictive maintenance and quality control, optimizing
production lines and reducing downtime. In retail, AI-driven personalization engines analyze

customer data to deliver tailored product recommendations and improve shopping experiences.

The transportation sector employs AI for route optimization and autonomous vehicle

development, paving the way for safer and more efficient travel. As AI continues to evolve, its

applications expand, promising innovative solutions to complex challenges across diverse

fields.

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 Contents

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................... i

Candidate Declaration ..................................................................................................ii

Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................. iv

List of Tables ................................................................................................................ v

Chapter 1: Introduction............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Heading 1… .................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2: Basic Principle / Mechanism / Concept................................................ 10

2.1 Heading1 ......................................................................................................... 13

Chapter 3: Working / Methodology… ...................................................................... 20

3.1 Heading1 ......................................................................................................... 21

Chapter 4: Application and Advantages ................................................................. 30

4.1 Heading1 ......................................................................................................... 31

Chapter 5: Conclusions ............................................................................................. 40

5.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 41

Appendix ....................................................................................................................45

References ................................................................................................................ 46

Contents
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ i

Candidate Declaration ................................................................................................. ii

Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................. iv

List of Tables ...............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................ 1

1.2 Heading 1… .................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2: Basic Principle / Mechanism / Concept ............................................... 10

2.2 Heading1 ......................................................................................................... 13

Chapter 3: Working / Methodology… ..................................................................... 20

1.1 Heading1 ................................................................................................... 21

Chapter 4: Application and Advantages................................................................. 30

4.2 Heading1 ......................................................................................................... 31

Chapter 5: Conclusions ............................................................................................ 40

5.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 41

Appendix ................................................................................................................... 45

References ................................................................................................................ 46

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ i

Contents

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ i
Candidate Declaration ................................................................................................. ii

Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iii

Chapter 1: Introduction............................................................................................1

1.1 Understanding Artificial Intelligence...............................................................1

1.2 A Brief History of AI.......................................................................................2

1.3 Evolutionary Pathway .....................................................................................3

1.4 The Present and Future Scope .........................................................................5

Chapter 2: Basic Principle / Mechanism / Concept................................................6

1.1 What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence...................................................6

1.2 Types of Artificial Intelligence........................................................................7

1.3 AI Type 2: Based on Functionality..................................................................8

1.4 Advantages of Artificial Intelligence.............................................................10

1.5 Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence.........................................................11

Chapter 3: Working / Methodology…...................................................................12

1.1 How Artificial Intelligence Works.................................................................12

Chapter 4: Application and Advantages................................................................15

1.1 Application Artificial Intelligence ................................................................15

Chapter 5: Conclusions ............................................................................................ 19

1.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................19

Appendix.....................................................................................................................20

Reference.....................................................................................................................21
 Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative force reshaping how we live, work, and interact.

At its core, AI involves creating machines capable of performing tasks that typically require

human intelligence. These tasks include learning, decision-making, problem-solving, and more.

The significance of AI in today’s world cannot be overstated; it powers everything from the

smartphone in your pocket to complex medical diagnostics and financial systems.

You’ll embark on a journey through its history, uncovering the roots and major milestones that

have shaped this field. Additionally, you will discover how AI has evolved over time, leading

to the advanced technologies you see today.

Understanding Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence, commonly known as AI, encompasses a broad spectrum of technologies

that simulate human intelligence. At its core, AI integrates machine learning and deep learning

to equip machines with the ability to analyze data and make decisions.

Definition: AI is the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior. Through

sophisticated algorithms, AI systems can perform tasks that typically require human

intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and translating languages.

For those keen on understanding AI’s impact on current trends like search engine optimization

(SEO), exploring best AI SEO tools in 2024 could provide insights into how AI is

revolutionizing digital marketing strategies.

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Key Components:
Machine Learning: It is the backbone of AI that provides systems the ability to automatically

learn from patterns in data without being explicitly programmed.

Deep Learning: A subset of machine learning, deep learning utilizes neural networks to

analyze various factors with a structure similar to the human brain.

Real-World Applications:

AI’s impact is evident across numerous industries:

Healthcare: Automating diagnostic procedures and personalizing patient care plans.

Finance: Enhancing risk assessment and fraud detection capabilities.

Automotive: Advancing self-driving vehicle technology for improved safety and efficiency.

Retail: Personalizing shopping experiences with recommendation systems.

A Brief History of AI

The desire to comprehend and construct intelligent beings has been present since ancient times,

as evidenced by myths and tales featuring clever machines and synthetic creatures crafted by

various civilizations around the globe. But it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that “Artificial

Intelligence” emerged as a formal scientific field. This defining moment occurred in 1950 when

Alan Turing posed the famous question, “Can machines think?” — opening up a world of

endless possibilities.

Milestones in AI Development:
1950s: The term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956.

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During this period, the first AI program, Logic Theorist, was developed by Allen Newell and

Herbert A. Simon, which became a prototype for computer reasoning.

1960s: AI research received significant funding, leading to advancements in problem-solving

and theoretical underpinnings of the field. Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA, an early natural

language processing computer program.

1970s: Despite initial enthusiasm, AI faced its first setback known as the “AI winter,” due to

unrealistic predictions and a lack of breakthroughs.

1980s: The industry experienced a resurgence with expert systems — programs that emulated

the decision-making ability of a human expert — and increased funding from Japan’s Fifth

Generation Computer Project (FGCP).

1990s-2000s: Remarkable achievements such as IBM’s Deep Blue defeating world chess

champion Garry Kasparov and advancements in speech recognition set new benchmarks for

what AI could accomplish.

The story of Artificial Intelligence is one characterized by ups and downs, with periods of

optimism followed by disappointment. Each cycle, however, brought about small improvements

that gradually led to the development of today’s sophisticated algorithms.

The Evolutionary Pathway of AI

Artificial Intelligence has gone through several phases of development, each with its own

significant advancements and increased capabilities. Let’s take a closer look at these stages:
1. The Formative Years (1950s — 1970s)

In the early days, AI research focused on problem-solving and symbolic methods. The Logic

Theorist and ELIZA are examples of pioneering programs from this era. Researchers aimed to

create systems that could mimic human problem-solving

2. The First AI Winter (1974–1980)

Due to unmet expectations and limitations in technology, funding and interest in AI research

declined during this period, known as the first AI winter.

3. The Boom of Expert Systems (1980s)

AI experienced a resurgence with expert systems, designed to mimic the decision-making

abilities of a human expert. This led to increased commercial interest and investments,

particularly from Japan’s Fifth Generation Computer Systems project.

4. The Second AI Winter (Late 1980s — early 1990s)

Once again, the hype outpaced the reality leading to another period of reduced funding and

skepticism around artificial intelligence.

5. Rise of Machine Learning (1990s — 2000s)

With advancements in computing power and algorithms, machine learning became the driving

force behind AI. Notable events include IBM’s Deep Blue defeating chess champion Garry

Kasparov and significant progress in natural language processing and robotics.

6. The Era of Deep Learning (2010s — Present)

The advent of deep learning has revolutionized AI’s capabilities, particularly in image and
speech recognition tasks. Neural networks have become more sophisticated, enabling machines

to learn complex patterns with less human supervision.

The Present and Future Scope

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently at a crucial point in its history, with its applications

spreading across every industry. You can see the impact of AI in various aspects of your life:

The way products are recommended to you online

How virtual assistants understand and respond to your queries

The advanced features of modern self-driving cars

Current Applications of AI:

Here are some examples of how AI is being used in different industries:

Healthcare: AI helps with diagnosing diseases, creating personalized treatment plans, and

managing patient data.

Finance: Algorithms powered by AI make real-time trading decisions and detect fraudulent

activity.

Automotive: Self-driving cars are becoming a reality thanks to advancements in AI technology.

Manufacturing: Robotics systems driven by AI increase efficiency and reduce human errors in

the production process.

What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast and requires lots of

other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI first we should know that how

intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a

combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving perception, language understanding,

etc.

To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the

following discipline:

• Mathematics

• Biology

• Psychology

• Sociology

• Computer Science

• Neurons Study

• Statistics

Fig 1.1 AI

Types of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence can be categorized in several ways, primarily based on two main criteria:

capabilities and functionality.

AI Type 1: Based on Capabilities

1. Weak AI or Narrow AI: Narrow AI, also known as Weak AI, is like a specialist in the

world of Artificial Intelligence. Imagine it as a virtual expert dedicated to performing one

specific task with intelligence. For example, think of Apple's Siri. It's pretty smart when it

comes to voice commands and answering questions, but it doesn't understand or do much

beyond that. Narrow AI operates within strict limits, and if you ask it to step outside its

comfort zone, it might not perform as expected. This type of AI is everywhere in today's

world, from self-driving cars to image recognition on your smartphone.BM's Watson is

another example of Narrow AI. It's a supercomputer that combines Expert Systems,

Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing, but it's still a specialist. It's excellent

at crunching data and providing insights but doesn't venture far beyond its defined tasks.

2. General AI: General AI, often referred to as Strong AI, is like the holy grail of

Artificial intelligence. Picture it as a system that could do any intellectual task with the

efficiency of a human. General AI aims to create machines that think and learn like

humans, but here's the catch: there's no such system in existence yet. Researchers

worldwide are working diligently to make it a reality, but it's a complex journey that will

require significant time and effort.

3. Super AI: Super AI takes AI to another level entirely. It's the pinnacle of machine

intelligence, where machines surpass human capabilities in every cognitive aspect.

These machines can think, reason, solve puzzles, make judgments, plan, learn, and

communicate independently. However, it's important to note that Super AI is currently

a hypothetical concept.

AI Type 2: Based on Functionality

1. Reactive Machines: Reactive Machines represent the most basic form of Artificial

Intelligence. These machines live in the present moment and don't have memories or past
 experiences to guide their actions. They focus solely on the current scenario and respond

with the best possible action based on their programming. An example of a reactive

machine is IBM's Deep Blue, the chess-playing computer, and Google's AlphaGo, which

excels at the ancient game of Go.

2. Limited Memory: Limited Memory machines can remember some past experiences or

data but only for a short period. They use this stored information to make decisions and

navigate situations. A great example of this type of AI is seen in self-driving cars.

These vehicles store recent data like the speed of nearby cars, distances, and speed

limits to safely navigate the road.

3. Theory of Mind: Theory of Mind AI is still in the realm of research and development.

These AI systems aim to understand human emotions and beliefs and engage in social

interactions much like humans. While this type of AI hasn't fully materialized yet,

researchers are making significant strides toward creating machines that can

Understand and interact with humans on a deeper, more emotional level.

4. Self-Awareness: Self-Awareness AI is the future frontier of Artificial Intelligence.

These machines will be extraordinarily intelligent, possessing their own consciousness,

emotions, and self-awareness. They'll be smarter than the human mind itself. However,

it's crucial to note that Self-Awareness AI remains a hypothetical concept and does not

yet exist in reality. Achieving this level of AI would be a monumental leap in

technology and understanding.

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:

• High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and
 high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.

• High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because

of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.

• High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action

multiple times with high accuracy.

• Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a

bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.

• Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as

AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products

as per customer requirement.

• Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-

driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for

security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in

human-language, etc.

• Enhanced Security: AI can be very helpful in enhancing security, as It can detect and

respond to cyber threats in real time, helping companies protect their data and systems.

• Aid in Research: AI is very helpful in the research field as it assists researchers by

processing and analyzing large datasets, accelerating discoveries in fields such as

astronomy, genomics, and materials science.

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Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial intelligence. Being

so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we need to keep in our

Mind while creating an AI system. Following are the disadvantages of AI:

Challenges of AI
Artificial Intelligence offers incredible advantages, but it also presents some challenges that

need to be addressed:

AI Tools and Services

AI tools and services are advancing quickly, and this progress can be linked back to a

significant moment in 2012 when the Alex Net neural network came onto the scene. This

marked the start of a new era for high-performance AI, thanks to the use of GPUs and massive

data sets. The big shift was the ability to train neural networks using huge amounts of data on

multiple GPU cores simultaneously, making it a more scalable process.

Prerequisite
Before learning about Artificial Intelligence, you must have the fundamental knowledge of

following so that you can understand the concepts easily:

Audience
Our AI tutorial is designed specifically for beginners and also included some high-level

concepts for professionals.

Problems
We assure you that you will not find any difficulty while learning our AI tutorial. But if there

any mistake, kindly post the problem in the contact form.

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How Artificial Intelligence Works

It's even more amazing, perhaps, that our existence is quietly being transformed by deep

learning algorithms that many of us barely understand, if at all — something so complex that

even scientists have a tricky time explaining it.

"AI is a family of technologies that perform tasks that are thought to require intelligence if

performed by humans," explains Vasant Honavar, a professor and director of the Artificial

Intelligence Research Laboratory at Penn State University. "I say 'thought,' because nobody is

really quite sure what intelligence is."

Honavar describes two main categories of intelligence. There's narrow AI, which is achieving

competence in a narrowly defined domain, such as analyzing images from X-rays and MRI

scans in radiology. Artificial general intelligence, in contrast, describes much more human like

thinking processes, like the ability to learn about anything and to talk about it. "A machine

might be good at some diagnoses in radiology, but if you ask it about baseball, it would be

clueless," Honavar explains. Humans' intellectual versatility "is still beyond the reach of AI at

this point."

According to Honavar, there are two key pieces to AI models. One of them is the engineering

part — that is, building a computer program and computer systems that utilize intelligence in

some way. The other is the science of intelligence, or rather, how to enable a machine to come

up with a result comparable to what a human brain would come up with, even if the machine

achieves it through a very different process. To use an analogy, "birds fly and airplanes fly, but

they fly in completely different ways.

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"Even so, they both make use of aerodynamics and physics. In the same way, artificial

intelligence is based upon the notion that there are general principles about how intelligent

systems behave."

AI is "basically the results of our attempting to understand and emulate the way that the brain
works and the application of this to giving brain-like functions to otherwise autonomous

systems (e.g., drones, robots and agents)," Kurt Cagle, a writer, data scientist and futurist

who's the founder of consulting firm Semantical, writes in an email. He's also editor of The

Cagle Report, a daily information technology newsletter.

And while humans don't really think like computers, which utilize circuits, semi-conductors

magnetic media instead of biological cells to store information, there are some intriguing

parallels. "One thing we're beginning to discover is that graph networks are really interesting

when you start talking about billions of nodes, and the brain is essentially a graph network,

albeit one where you can control the strengths of processes by varying the resistance of

neurons before a capacitive spark fires," Cagle explains. "A single neuron by itself gives you a

Very limited amount of information, but fire enough neurons of varying strengths together,

you end up with a pattern that gets fired only in response to certain kinds of stimuli, typically

modulated electrical signals through the DSPs [that is digital signal processing] that we call

our retina and cochlea."

AI systems work by combining large amounts of data with intelligent algorithms — series of

instructions — that allow the software to learn from patterns and features of the data, as

this SAS primer on artificial intelligence explains.

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In simulating the way a brain works, AI utilizes a bunch of different subfields, as the SAS

primer notes.

• Machine learning automates analytical model building, to find hidden insights in data

without being programmed to look for something in particular or draw a certain

 conclusion.
• Artificial neural networks imitate the brain's array of interconnected neurons, and relay

information between various units to find connections and derive meaning from data.

• Deep learning utilizes really big neural networks and a lot of computing power to find

complex patterns in data, for applications such as image and speech recognition.

• Cognitive computing is about creating a "natural, human-like interaction," as SAS puts

it, including using the ability to interpret speech and respond to it.

• Computer vision employs pattern recognition and deep learning to understand the

content of pictures and videos, and to enable machines to use real-time images to make

sense of what's around them.

• Natural language processing involves analyzing and understanding human language and

responding to it.

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Applications of AI

Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is becoming essential for

today's time because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple

industries, such as Healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, etc. AI is making our daily

life more comfortable and fast.

Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial Intelligence:
1. AI in Astronomy
• Automated Celestial Object Identification: AI systems can automatically identify and

classify celestial objects in astronomical images, aiding in discovering new stars,

galaxies, and other cosmic phenomena. In simple words, AI can spot and sort out things in

space by looking at pictures. It's like having a cosmic detective that finds new stars,

galaxies, and other mysterious objects without human help.

• Exoplanet Hunting: AI helps astronomers find planets outside our solar system by

looking at lots of data. It can notice tiny changes in the light from stars, which tell us there

might be planets around them, such as those caused by exoplanet transits.

• Analyzing Space Information: AI plays a crucial role in the study of space. It assists

scientists by carefully examining vast amounts of complex data gathered from space

observations. This helps astronomers uncover sophisticated patterns, unusual phenomena,

and connections that might be otherwise very difficult to notice. Essentially, AI acts as a

dedicated assistant, sifting through the cosmic data haystack to find the valuable needles of

knowledge.

• Watching Space Events in Real-time: AI-powered tools can keep a constant eye on

the night sky, looking out for sudden happenings like exploding stars (supernovae) or bursts
of powerful gamma rays. This allows scientists to quickly study these events in more detail

when they occur.

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• Making Telescopes Smarter: AI is like a brain for telescopes. It helps them work

better by changing their settings on the fly. For example, if the weather gets cloudy or if

scientists want to study something specific in space, AI can adjust the telescope to get the

best results. It's like having a telescope that can think and adapt to the situation.

2. AI in Healthcare

• Helping Doctors See Inside the Body Better: AI is like a super helper for doctors

when they look at pictures of the inside of a patient's body, like X-rays or MRIs. It uses

smart algorithms to find things like problems, tumors, or broken bones very accurately. This
means doctors can figure out what's going on faster and more accurately, which is great for

patients and for better diagnosis.

• Detecting Health Problems Early: AI acts as a health detective. It looks at your health
information to find out if you might get certain diseases in the future. When it sees a high

risk, doctors can step in early to help you stay healthy. This is really important for

conditions like diabetes and heart problems because catching them at this time means better
treatment and less trouble for the patient.

• Developing Medications Quickly and Cost-Effectively: AI acts like a super scientist

in the lab. It uses certain algorithms to predict how different chemicals can fight diseases.

This helps us make new medicines much quicker and at a low cost. So people can get the

treatments they need sooner, and it doesn't cost as much money to manufacture them.

• Personalized Treatment Plans: AI looks at your health information, like your genes,

what happened to you before, and how you've responded to treatments. Then, it makes a

special plan just for you. This means your treatment works better and doesn't give you as

many problems. It's like having a personalized health coach, which helps in avoiding

complications caused by improperly prescribed medicine.

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• Managing Hospital Functions and Resources: AI acts like a manager for hospitals. It

helps with things like when patients come in, where to put resources like doctors and

supplies, and how to make sure everything runs well. It can even guess how many patients

might come in ahead of time, so hospitals use their staff and resources in the best way

Possible.

3. AI in Gaming

• Smart Game Characters: AI is like the brains behind game characters that aren't

controlled by players. They make these characters, called NPCs, act more like real
people or clever enemies. They can learn from what players do and change their behavior,

which makes games more exciting and lifelike. Imagine playing a game where the bad guys
learn and adapt to your moves - that's what AI does.

• Creating Game Worlds with AI: AI can make parts of video games all on its own. It

can create levels, maps, and places to explore without people having to make them by hand.
This means games can have bigger and more interesting worlds because AI does a lot of the
work, kind of like a game world builder. It helps game developers, too.

• Making Games Look and Feel Real: AI helps to make games look and act more like

the real world. They create graphics that look just like the things we see, and they make how
things move in games feel realistic, like in real life. They even guess what players might do
next so the game looks smooth and natural.

4. AI in Finance

• Identifying and Prevention of Fraud: AI keeps an eye on bank transactions all the

time. They act like super detectives who can spot strange things happening with money,

like someone using a credit card in a weird way. When they see something fishy, they

raise the alarm and help the bank stop bad people from stealing money. This happens

really fast, without needing people to check every transaction.

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• Automated Trading: AI helps a skilled trader who works automatically. It uses

various algorithms to swiftly buy and sell stocks while analyzing all the market

information. This boosts trading strategies, making investments more efficient and

profitable.

• Risk Control: AI helps in examining lots of data to check how risky something is, like

giving out loans or making investments. It looks at things like whether someone can pay

back a loan or how safe an investment is. This helps banks and investment firms make

choices so they don't lose money and can help others save and grow their money.

5. AI in Data Security

• Anamoly Detection: AI works as a digital detective. It looks at big piles of data and

watches for anything strange or out of the ordinary, like someone sneaking into a digital
 vault or trying to steal secrets. When it sees something fishy, it raises the alarm, helping

to keep important data safe from cyber-attacks.

• Predicting Threats: AI looks at past troubles and keeps an eye on new dangers that are

popping up. By doing this, it can predict what bad things might happen in the future,

like a security breach or a cyberattack. This way, companies can get ready in advance t

protect their important data, sort of like putting up a strong fortress before any attack

Happens.

• Automated Safety Response: AI acts like a digital guardian that can respond when

there's trouble. If it sees something bad happening, like a cyberattack, it can automatically

take action. It might isolate the part that's under attack. This way, it keeps your important

stuff safe in the digital world.

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Conclusion

Artificial intelligence has made huge advances recently due to more computing power, big

data, and better algorithms. AI can now match or beat humans at specific tasks like games,

image recognition and language processing. However, AI still lacks general intelligence and

common sense. More research is needed for AI to achieve complex reasoning, creativity and

social skills. As AI advances, policymakers need to address ethical concerns around risks and

benefits to ensure these powerful technologies benefit humanity.

Artificial Intelligence is a transformative technology with far-reaching impacts. It offers

significant benefits, including improved efficiency and new opportunities, but also presents

challenges such as job displacement and privacy concerns. As we look to the future, it is crucial
to continue exploring AI’s potential while addressing its ethical implications. By doing so, we
can harness AI to enhance human capabilities and contribute to a prosperous, inclusive future.

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Appendix

• Search and Planning deal with reasoning about goal-directed behavior. Search plays a

key role, for example, in chess-playing programs such as Deep Blue, in deciding which

move (behavior) will ultimately lead to a win (goal).

•
The area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning involves processing

information (typically when in large amounts) into a structured form that can be queried

more reliably and efficiently. IBM's Watson program, which beat human contenders to win

the Jeopardy challenge in 2011, was largely based on an efficient scheme for

organizing, indexing, and retrieving large amounts of information gathered from various

Sources.

• Machine Learning is a paradigm that enables systems to automatically improve their

performance at a task by observing relevant data. Indeed, machine learning has been the key
contributor to the AI surge in the past few decades, ranging from search and product

recommendation engines, to systems for speech recognition, fraud detection, image

understanding, and countless other tasks that once relied on human skill and judgment. The

automation of these tasks has enabled the scaling up of services such as e-commerce.

• As more and more intelligent systems get built, a natural question to consider is how

such systems will interact with each other. The field of Multi-Agent Systems considers this
question, which is becoming increasingly important in on-line marketplaces and

transportation systems.

• From its early days, AI has taken up the design and construction of systems that are

embodied in the real world. The area of Robotics investigates fundamental aspects of

sensing and acting—and especially their integration—that enable a robot to behave

Effectively.

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• Machine perception has always played a central role in AI, partly in developing

robotics, but also as a completely independent area of study. The most commonly studied

perception modalities are Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing, each of

which is attended to by large and vibrant communities.

• Several other focus areas within AI today are consequences of the growth of the

Internet. Social Network Analysis investigates the effect of neighborhood relations in

influencing the behavior of individuals and communities. Crowdsourcing is yet another

innovative problem-solving technique, which relies on harnessing human intelligence

(typically from thousands of humans) to solve hard computational problems.

 21

Reference

https://www.javatpoint.com/artificial-intelligence

Artificial Intelligence Tutorial | AI Tutorial - GeeksforGeeks

https://medium.com/@jam.canda/introduction-to-artificial-intelligence-basics-
history-and-evolution