=@) KF lel Aballtolfen 28 Connon | Sforadially 4 hstinek b Semorrtical cal. Cucx 4 hy = 445. FAH finding all the Syntodically £ Semartieally. latin! hypetieets Seaxth the. best motch trom all these Chey much cloagor Bile leosning problem).| Gori fe - Speci Re a G Mane general thenyx Rabie Let hy ond he be Boolean Valued funchions clefined even X. Then hy bs ate gerexol — thon Bequal tp be (onitten hj=he) 4 oo oly 4 | Ose qovtel than \- Let hj ond hy be Boobian Valuect funder datinad per K. Fa ony Insfonce 2! $n" hypathents. bh Sa H we con Sox *x' solisties “h’ HthCx= 1. Vey hy ie wile gunexel than” he (hj >gh). Tastonces X ayiac geeeel ten B eqpal fo When Sct FP feosning Sxompls salisfy the a hypotheets Wpomt he, by Bg grexel tho B ewal “te” hi Chia he) Hr Oy lnstaree % That Sokisfiar hy obo Sofigicg by. ¥ we Go alto debine The mre —Specite ~thon Beige.Speldic. <2 GlAexal Cy ne) [heen =i) (is to=I] x sali he, © Gererel te Gecifie aeevap Mong, Gonteapt leaning olggubirns agoniae, THe Soxth trough the hyratients, Spice by. taking odventoge ff a "Habwally occu. Structiane! over tt. : ThstonaX Hypotheeta_ spe Hy = . Sapp Thee hy & fa, Cloesidy tue svomplas , SB deh. Joke tu bya ond fe, Sy BS hr = < Sunny, 2,2, Shongs ¥,2> ha = ha ts mole, genexal than ht. : a ha — Ft Impess fewen Consfroanh 7 ington a: ye ha— Cosify mate tue Instant, Than hy.Bln: Fine mel pte tps x The Pind -S algar'then 1g & bogie Concept leasing abgattthmn Sa machine leoswnting- “Te find_§ alpatittin Piadg the most Specific hypethegts thot Pt oll the petilic exomply” | Note; The. olgatithen Coie oly ve spel Ceodining Saompl.)- * Te find olgacitin Stood woitth the most Cpeet fie hypothests and. qorexolides thd, hypothesis unt ¥ cone clossift futher positia twodning dole Chey -Pusitier clossiProtion oth not be pouible | 08 tt veaches tho end) Agatti Ae Tattadiae -h te the mosh Specific hepetherts 2 Fal Query posite trod.ning Inthante YX fa cach otttbute Cons brad awh, Cp the, Comsat a & Soledied by x, ° Tin do nething© "Replace fn h by the nok eve general Conshrairt traf ta Sobiefied’ by the x. 3. _Ootpak *rppothests. h tee Elec Algattthinn | | Steph Datbete . with mest Specific hgpsthorts, ho=| * Considers only +e Valor, xe hy mott net be sole hypethests thot At Compl alata Sobeet 4 hypethea’'s H Congnctant wots the fresno Sxompbs D. VS HD Shen | Grettant (nd) thew H = Hypethaeds “Space Liat hx Substel & hypothesis Space +. be “teaining Exomrplog, Hew Consishint [ehoe x= instance. ODE COO. hoo = hype Gost Cla) atboogat Coreg SoSAladitimn to oblabn Vexgizin’ Space: \- © ee RO NR RRA € gest tRen elominotc tke) SOE Dias 4, Ail the hypotheets 4 & Yep ly Ves%Sin Space Cirsespedtine B the fack thab's consistant: : os net). 2. Noo we Feop mm semoulng: thomsigtert hyppothionts Prom vorkiern Spore Pit each traning Compl £41 cod7 vemova one Wypothents thal #8 hed etd- 5. Olp the List of hypothasls Sabo vexst'nn spoce ofr tay FCC) | tm CH= COD | he) = cm) hats = COD: | hu (ad = ¢ (ad) Ig (he) = GHD \ Ta hs OG) > 20H) Pinal eutpal , meade cord epee: tere = wCans inition Apel © (4 TUS a Extended fim G find~$ ol gattthrn, | | we Tk Cnsides both tue and —w Snomples. | ye Hee ye gnample oxo used og finds allgatithyy Chery Speetfie te general). HK while —we gromply trom geneal te Specific, S="$ o444dy +N A= FELIZ A A. 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There ts Some hypothests thet correctly ceeerthe the vou Coritept . ¥*ot Sond 6 Converge to a Single hypethasis ‘the Goncept fe exactly learned. ¥* An Empty. VexSion Spoed means no hypothosis fo oy fe Consi stint sth Trodning examples. @ Hew Gn pasehiolly Leovinest Senge Be used 2 * The. lemon les hg seppoad fe aot closify new ae) tuctiioce thot FL hos net get observed | 'S: $& Summap worm 2 ope tr > 12) By Apcoain,2 Stroy 2,2>: Git 3 ton ny a good WR eh Grectgy in genoa? Trdg jan [TE aefou 16 0 Seb osgampions tat te uses fo predict olp's gen unseen F[pis. Remoxks on Ce ond Vo Alaautbins 1, 1 tll The ce algditnn qhns 0 Cobad by Cavadt hypolhagts 2 2. itd acts shell eave oniit ree Tedochte leaning- Deve cuss oom Samples Binged cies: Bpsca\- és re Se mente alle To all tyres & teasing dornpls. gglatjon, —s Incbucle oll hypetionrs EX Sung A wos A abimal A Strong Neold nchonge= ya.ann | x* proulching a hypethaats copoble op sepresentog. Set ol Sornpleg, pei Instone ax ame KEXR =4b. Teougef Concoply te gh (huge). (rectly not ee) _ totes o ld time. intone Xp hates Sky Ss Sonny, duel, Rainy Ais Temp ty uinarerjeatl Humidity. > namo, high Wold ota, ok woah, i» c= a Poecost a Some , change . Froiaing: examples last ting Condidode Clin notion }__________S ctowifitahion neo hnstortele) Using hypethasts | Soni Knows" poco Ht y_——orvrr clouifteahton pw instaru 8) edalling. Trductine Sys. =a WetDestin Tex Levi eo)” - Desi Free Leasning 0 meted thot WY Wduchhe Inference to approximate . ooget Fonétiiny jenn wal poeduce drecreti voluss. find the setllowing pete, 7K widely used Robust fo noisy cafe as x Consider 9. proclieal melbel Pa leonning gju- acho Expressime - HK TUS 0 tree Strockined classifier, where Oy Tritsinel nodex sepregert the -fectiires By Bronches repoogentag the cele wha Fi Qs Lach \eod node sepoosr the. Oulcernas ; Sy deeitim tree mosnly we howl 1 types i Nodes . I Dectsion Node (atot nede—thee branches wall a) 2. Leod. Node. (na nodes @ lost vew nodes), SHOP | gary Syxtam (TE decid. $4: the Toon Should be opproved hectic).Algartimk Decision Tree Termholegie \- @ Root | pect’eon Node '- TL te the ntdo whe the ahaa lie trea Stole TE sepoegenty enbire beof ede Leof nods ord the Pinal ofp node, ond tree Cami be Seqregaticl Pusitha off optting a leo node. : Splitting '- Splitting Se TRE putes of dMveling. THE cea anda Into Subnedas aceaiding “to gin Conditieng come t tree famed bet Splitting. the’ hoew ee pruning TER a proces o semoving, uanwwartticl Froth Prom the tren Depts i The depts yo nodes the mininqum nog Step seqped tf oreach the node. form the weet.Algexs tino z DeciSron Teo, Leasining '- © Stepl < Th tre “given dobaSet, choose a stot ottsu bute, SP% S Calkulati ffavmastiion gaio Garg abhi, ee peal mas (fs) - Pw lt, | Step3 : oe joing otterbulss, ind -errtvoptt. [-Coteopy = TAX poobobi li ital. (= Pron; E®= S re Tt (Fn) «Step 2 calealate goin = Te - E(A) Exomnple\- { os AGE Grnpetibion Type pret old: ys Slo Down old No sf Down old No hhge Down mid ys S}o Down mid. y ey hiw Down nid No hho OP mid No Sh uP new ye Sho uP nets re hho uP new Alea Sho uPa4 Torres Ate butt =" profit ee Tn famodim gun f ee Bt zee -P Fe dee lg UF 7) 5 hg, Fis | | | > P= tunt (don) =5 | N= count Cup) = 5 Tes ce ta is) ae dos. bes) FE ae | EM G7), Golgate gl beter) bad =[BXA tga] Pele le -B- “Das. SPS teulate entropy #8 cematning atnbuls, Ew=L Reet Chat) [34 xprobobitit] fl| | (1) prepare. a Lob fat each offhibat THI ()y, , ra eae Colamnns— Texel atbtbutc — values. Cowon} up). Entropy = LG x Probab! ly. Peden Count N= Up Gort 4, Teo) = - (3 lg.) *(Sd\ep (8) =o. probability = s|i0 E Wg iad. Enbopt (ald) = ox 3 =o. 2. La dmid) = — (% log (8+ lg cs) == (Fey G+£'4 eo == (ely a4 Weg 2") = -G+(4y =-()=1. probobilitt = 10 Entropy (anid) = Xf = orth3. Te (new) = -(g bal 24% las Shee o—~—™ fee 3ho Cobvopy By Or S. aA Entropy lige) = (e+ cont €() =o+o440 =o-4 Step bee | Gan = Le -€la)= I~ 0+ =0-6. ‘In the Some boop calloulodte, Grokn ¥ other Bes lta Gain (Compelthion’) = o-l2y Gad CTL > 0 Gredn C Hee? = 06 eS ae old. ned pus %,. amid Some dawn tome UP ys eo. —All up nd ~ "Pia SeanWhy. Competition —> next highest gan. @ why net other othributt (type). yey yon =0 and even bh pr obo, NO weasremard- voats Ve, % DE con be ignited. x Mrpeepriatic problems -PR Decisyen bn Tree Leaomiig mn RS A, Thstences ane seprerentid by odfsibute value puss. ‘ Ly shen a dive haw 0 tine Wot + athib uty & . toch atheibuti confetng -Smoth nog distinel veluss, | fan, }t18 cable 4a the oes) treo +6 roach athe. Salubtern . Finite, Web BE student Bronch — ages RE ahd, The targa Panel hog lserote Ly Fk ates poats simplest wot ye, shen there aw. 2 powibls unis (Beran olasssticabion) . Ly Howeuwr TEIg 20g te ectind the dociGien tren’ ty with mb than & possible Op valucs.© disjunchve deseripbions mo be seqpiwd. ® Ly Devition tree novtomtly, oeposstnly cligjanchia. Sxpretiy hey TE seduces loxge Constdowtion Sétoq mie. moogebly NOG able metrros - The “Grarming dota may Contorn errdS. | Ly evsiy inthe chosifiahin i? Enompls ore handled wall by deeisinm tray & making | ‘hem a stebust me leosning- methed. The, training. elatal moy contodn missing obbibat, Voluoe. LS Decision tree methede canbe used even whan Some “training eocompls have unknown Values « MERE Stee Gewch Io, Destin Te lm * TDS Con be chorackinized of Seanching & Spoco hypotheats fx me theft AiG The. oosning Enomples, oe ID3 wil Search Sot possible doeHon breng ovotloble hypothegis . TD3 perfdiny Symple to Complent Seoxching- i* Pat, toot wath Empby twee ond Koop om onting © *K voy diveref Voluod ( trast) fumeblen Con be cheer} bed ba Some cheisim tree . 4 Avelde mogat crise B Seosthing tes lncompltz hypetherts | AH hag only Single cwooenk hypothests. ; € Wk cont detain oltimodic dacitm “reas. a Back tracking Is not posstble. * TE ca olko handle nelage desta . Teduchive Bios fy Deekion Treo pus ati tin | {> set F ossumptlorg, Unduchie bles 8 rps Consiely at desentblg the boats by ushith D3 chester ond ConaiSlat doci'tin ttre over all the possible DTs, 3K Seloe& to aveuse chat, trees psx Dengere ones Selo Clement woth highest TG 08 sect otha bute over Lowest Th ook.ote? A, Todeceg Bios ir eo a. Restichve Bias (Boged on Condit) . de preference yy (Reged om poutgttres). Peak nichive ‘Broges ond _prcfeene Biogas + Broges * ‘There 1s setidrentis blo the. frduchino biog exhibited by TDS and by. the Comdédote eLimindtion obgatithra A THB Searches Incomplutaly. through this Spoce, from Simple ‘to complex hypetiests, unl Fy teynin— obtrn Condidbion be mek. DL Induchwe bios bs Selly o 0 Gongequonce 3 the Bidening. e hy by ttt Search Strotegy: K The Inductive bios Be TDs 1 tho preference | BB coxtain hypotteges enw otheg. with no hed sestaction om dhe hypothoas tot Coin be want: uatly enumerated. This $I gf biog 1s typically Colled a preferential biog . * Coie frigaitthm Seqrches this Space Complatily, Finding ev Joep hypothesis consistant uasth the twain! dota. 4 Rade! brog Ny sally ov ConSequance Re the Stpmessluo power B Mts hypothesis sepretentation)® FA poeferone bins te mBle desioolle than a seatrlctiny, | Hos become A allouos the, leainen to wk takthing | Complte Iyppotierds Space thet 1 owed te tonbodn the unknown toagel function ne KA oestniction bing thet Shiotly Itmly the Seb Qo | | potential hypoltbesia 1% qurwrolly les clestroble , Loecouye it Srtreduces the powsibility B® exdrochin m4 | TKe unknown forget tunetion ollegetion | it See hype 3 | Occorms o1ega + porefen tke Simphet hypotberts thot fitt the. dota Teguog Fh DeciGm Tren ane IO OO OR Che Handling athrbulby wokth differnt Cost. 5. filinadie | neojuws abit selactrg. othrbuby |